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CIHM/ICMH 
Microfiche 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


n 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couieur 


□    Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pelliculde 


D 
D 
D 
D 


n 


D 


Cove    Jtle  missing/ 


□    Cove    . 


de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  giographiques  en  couieur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couieur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illu-strations  en  couieur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relii  avac  d'autres  documents 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
Qistorsion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  iti  film^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  iti  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
do  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-ixre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  una 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquis  ci-dessous. 


p~|    Coloured  pages/ 


D 


Pages  de  couieur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

Pages  restored  and/o( 

Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  ddcolorees,  tachetdes  ou  piquees 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachees 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I — I  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I      I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

r~n  Pages  detached/ 

I     1  Showthrough/ 


varies/ 
inigale  de  I'impression 


□    Quality  of  print 
Qualiti  inigale  ( 

0    includes  suppler 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

□    Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partieilement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata.  une  pelure. 
etc.,  cnt  ^te  filmdes  A  nouveau  de  facon  a 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  chei;ked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

J 

/ 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


Tha  copy  filmed  hare  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  tha  generosity  of: 

McLennan  Library 
IMcGill  University 
IVIontreal 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  beat  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specificationa. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  uover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  wit^  a  printed  or  illuatrated  imprea- 
sion,  or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  Ail 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  laat  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gin^rositA  da: 

McLennan  Library 
McGill  University 
Montreal 

Lee  imagea  suivantas  ont  iti  reproduitea  avec  le 
plua  grand  soin.  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
da  la  nettetA  de  rexemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  lea  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Lea  exemplaires  originaux  dont  ia  couverture  en 
papier  eat  imprimie  sont  filmAs  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  ia 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  ie  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Touo  ies  autres  oxamplairea 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impreasion  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  laat  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  appliaa. 


Un  das  symboies  suivants  apparaltra  sur  ia 
dernlAre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  ie 
cas:  ie  symbols  «»>  signifle  "A  SUIVRE",  ie 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


l^/lapa,  platas,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratioa.  Thoae  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposuru  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hend  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  ja  many  framea  aa 
required.  The  following  diagrama  illustrate  the 
method: 


Lee  cartea,  planchea,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
fllmte  A  dea  taux  da  rMuctlon  diff6rents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  il  est  film6  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droito. 
et  de  haut  an  baa,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^essaire.  Las  diagrammes  suivants 
iilustrent  la  mithode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Ill 


Bhook's  iuOi;oiiiKNr — Queenston  Heitjiits. 


.^-  CO» 


TOUIIIST'S  GUIDE 


TO 


NIAGARA  FALLS, 


lAKE  OmAllIO, 


AKD 


ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER; 


AL,SO, 


^  (Kuitre  to 

I^AKES    GEOllGE    AA^D    CHAMPLAIK; 

OTTAWA  ANB  SAGUEJTAY  PwIVERS. 


mntf  JSmMUslimmU,  etc. 


NEW   YORK: 

PUBLISHED    BY  J.   DISTURNELL 

No.    16    BEEKMAN    STREET.  ' 

1857. 


i 


Entbbed,  aci^ording  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  tho  year  1857,  by 

JOHN  DISTUKNELL, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  for  the 
Southern  District  of  New  York. 


**-*'*«-s/N.'>.'» 


Stereotyped  by  V.  DILL, 
89  &  31  Beekman  St.,  N.  Y. 


!     ,, 


CONTENTS. 


O      I  >...-,.    tk      I  II 


Pago  l>-i;{ 


»T  ,,  •    '"ft*'     ''^I'f 

»cuicry-(„„„,l  I.s1,.na-T,m,uv,„,.l«-ln.s,  ,„•  ()o,.t  l,l,,.,.l 


Jffldnd. 
Ml  8 


*>i"e,!iia  1  iill.^  V  jIlago—Ji.nviMlua--Vouii";.s(,(;\vii 


Lakk  Ontahio.— B( 


11)  20 


Stkamhoat  Ilou  r.;s,_Lul<c  Ontario  and  Itivcv  St."  La      *  '^ 


ytoaniei*.s 
'I* 

i  U 1 1 
B 

See 


\vi'(>nf!c» 
211, ;;() 


11 


'0    "l  ve7      L^/  J^y'-T^''-''^''^^^^"'  "'•  • '•^••t  <iono,soo--(}ono. 
..    .    .."^  '  li'ty-Littlo  Sodu.^  lJ;.y».  OswKco. 

:::r?^^X^;^-- '^''-■;  ''''-^' «— -  -  N. a! 

<)U 


Jiay-Ca,.o  \  mcc.„t-,;i,.y.,„,  „..  ,,.,„,„,,  ,:,,4iAi:3, ; ' 


"'^To.v 4'-  r  I 

' Oij-hl 


VI 


CONTENTS. 


List  of  American  and  British  Steamers Page  58-61 

Canals  of  Can  \.da 62 

Trip  from  Kingston  to  Montreal. — Thousand  Islands — 
Wolfe,  or  Grand  Island— Gage  Island — Howe  Island — Carl- 
ton Island — Grindstone  Island — Admiralty  Islands — Amateur 
Islands  —  Brockville  —  Prescott  —  Ogdensburgh  —  Windmill 
Point — Gall6p  Rapids— Matilda — Waddington— Williamsburg 
— Louisville — Long  Saut  Rapids — Cornwall — St.  Regis — Lake 
St.  Francis —Coteau  du  Lac — Cedar  Rapids — Eeauharnois — 
Caughnawaga— La  Chine  Rapids — St.  Lawrence  River  and 
Rapids 63-76 

Railroad  Route  from  Montreal  to  Toronto,  via  Grand 
Trunk  Railway — St.  Anne's — Isle  Perot — Vaudreuil — Corn- 
wall, etc 77-79 

Montreal. — Grand  Trunk  Railway,  etc 80-85 

Trip  from  Montreal,  to  Ottawa  City,  etc. — St.  Anne's — 
Lake  of  the  Two  Mountains —Carillon— Point  Fortune— Gren- 
ville — Ridoau  Falls— Chaudiere  Falls— City  of  Ottawa— Ayl- 
mer — Arnprior— Pembroke 86-90 

Ottawa  River.— Chaudiere  Falls,  etc 91-96 

Lake  George. — Caldwell — I'alls  of  Ticonderoga,  etc. .  97-100 

Lake  Champlain. — Missisquoi  Bay,  etc 101-103 

List  of  Steamers  running  on  Lake  Champlain — Table  of 
Distances— Whitehall,  etc 104-106 

Trip  from  Whitehall  to  Rouse's  Point,  etc. — Ticonde- 
roga— Crown  Point— Port  Henry — Westport — Fort  Cassin — 
Split  Rock— Essex-  -Burlington — Port  Kent— Keeseville — 
Au  Sable  River — Port  Jackson — Platts  burgh — Battle  of 
Plattsburgh— Cumberland  Head— Chazy — Isle  au  Motte — 
Alburgh — Highgate  Springs — Missisquoi  Bay — Rouse's  Point 
—St.  John's,  Canada— Chambly  Canal 107-130 

Table  of  Distances. — Montreal  to  Albany,  Portland,  Quebec, 
Toronto,  etc 131, 132 

Trip  from  Montreal  to  Quebec. — Longueuil — Rapids  of 
St.  Mary — Varennes— Sorel,  or  William  Henry — Lake  St. 
Peter  —  Three  Rivers  —  Richelieu  Rapids  —  Cape  Rouge  — 
Wolfe's  Cove 133-137 

Quebec. — The  Citadel — Plains  of  Abraham — AVolfe's  Monu- 
ment— Gen.  Montgomery 137-146 

Vicinity  of  Quebec— Cape  Rouge — Falls  of  Lorette— Falls 
of  Montmorenci — Falls  of  St.  Anne — Lake  St.  Charles — 
Point  Levi— Chaudiere  Falls 147-150 


CONTENTS  yJJ 

Trip  FROM  Quehkc  to  thk  Saguknay  Rivrr,  ETC.-Island 
of  Orleans-  St^  Patrick^s  Hole  -  Madam  Island-Cape  Tour- 
men  -Grosse  Island -St.  Thomas-Crane  Island-Isle  aux 

I  onn' Vt^'"'''"^  Bay-Kamouraska -Ked  Island-River  du 
Loup-Kakouna— Tadousac Page  151-l5*j 

^'\^-rJT^/^''''V'rr'^^^^?''  Boule-St.  Louis ' Island -Eter- 
Zi    rl      '^^n.l  Cape  Trinity-Tableau -Ha- Ha,  or  Great 

Bay— Chicoutimi -Lake  St  John 160-165 

Trip  to  Mukray  Bay,  Tadousac,  Ha-Ha  Bay,  etc.  166-168 

Anticosti.— Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  etc 169-171 

Value  of  Moneys,  etc -tjo 

Trip  fhom  Montreal  to  Quebec  and  Return.  .   176-179 

Montreal  to  Boston  and  New  York 180  181 

Lake  George  and  its  Steamers 181-184 

AppENDix.--Prince  Edward's  Island-Cape  Breton-Nova  Sco- 

tia— J^ew  Brunswick— Canada,  etc 186-188 

burvey  of  the  Ottawa  and  French  River  Route.     " "  "  189 

Reports,  Estimates,  etc.,  relative  to  the  improvement  of  the 

Navigation  of  the  River  St.  Lawrence  .  190-192 

bt.  Lawrence  and  Champlain  Ship  Canal .".'.'*  193, 194 

Advertisements 195-225 


fe's  Menu- 


fist  0f  (bmbellis!?nunt$. 


■'  Page 

1.  Frontispikce.— Brock's  iMontiiaont, Queenstcn  Heights    12 

2.  Rapids  in  Niagar\  River,  above  American  Fall 18 

3.  American  Fall,  by  moonlight 19 

>k  4.  Map  of  Lakk  Ontario,  and  siirroimding  Country 27 

5.  Fort  Niagara— Mouth  Niagara  River 32 

C).  Ckdar  Rapids— St.  Lawrence  iliver '1 

7.  Stkamboat  Landing,  Burlington.  Vt 115 

>t.  8.  Cape  Trinity  and  Point  Eternity,  Sagucnay  River.   152 


«M 


^    «-VAxij-«v 


RAILROAD  AND  STEAMBOAT  ROUTES  FROM  BUF- 
FALO TO  NIAGARA  FALLS,  TORONTO,  ETC. 


The  most  usual  mode  of  conveyance  from  Buffalo  to  the  Falls 
of  Niagara,  and  thence  to  Lake  Ontario,  or  into  Canada,  is  by 
the  Buffalo,  Alagara  Falls  and  Lewiston  Railroad,  28  miles 
in  length.  It  runs  through  Tonawanda,  11  miles;  Niagara 
Falls,  22  miles ;  Suspension  Bridge,  24  miles,  connecting  with 
the  Great  Western  Railway  of  Canada,  and  terminates  at  Lewis- 
ton,  the  head  of  navigation  on  Niagara  River,  28  miles. 

American  and  Canadian  steamers  of  a  large  class  leave  Lewis- 
ton  several  times  daily,  for  different  ports  on  Lake  Ontario  and 
the  St.  Lawrence  River. 

There  is  also  another  very  desirable  mode  of  conveyance,  by 
Steamboat,  descending  the  Niagara  River,  from  Buflfalo  to 
Chippewa,  C.  W.,  thence  by  the  Erie  and  Ontario  Railroad,  17 
miles  in  length ;  passing  in  full  view  of  'ho  Falls,  to  the  Clifton 
House,  three  miles  below  Chippewa;  Suspension  Bridge,  five 
miles;  Queenston,  eleven  miles,  terminating  at  Niagara,°C.  W., 
thirty-five  miles  from  Buflfalo. 

^  As  the  Steamboat  leaves  Buffalo  on  the  latter  route,  a  fine 
view  may  be  obtained  of  Lake  Erie  and  both  shores  of  Niagara 
River.  On  the  Canada  side,  the  first  object  of  interest  are  the 
ruins  of  old  Fonx  Erie,  captured  by  the  Americans  July  3d, 
1 1814.    It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  the  lake,  opposite  the  site  of  a 


10 


BUFFALO    TO    NIAOAUA    FALLS,     KTC. 


H 

in 


itrong  fortress  which  the  United  States  government  have  recent, 
ly  erected  for  the  protection  of  the  river  and  Hie  city  of  Buffalo. 
Watkrloo,  C.  W.,  three  miles  below  Buffalo  and  opposite 
Black  Hock  (now  a  part  of  Buffalo),  with  whicli  it  is  connected 
by  a  steam-ferry,  is  handsomely  situated  on  the  west  side  of 
Niagara  River,  which  is  hero  about  half  a  mib  wide.  The 
Ihiffalo  and  Lake  Huron  Ruilroiid  runs  from  Fort  Krio,  near 
Waterloo,  to  Paris,  C.  W.,  where  it  connects  with  the  Great 
Western  Railway  of  Canada.  It  is  now  completed  to  Stratford, 
116  miles,  will  soon  be  finished  to  Godcrich,  lying  on  L.  Huron. 

Grand  Island,  belonging  to  the  United  States,  is  passed  on 
the  right  in  descending  the  river.  It  is  a  largo  and  valuable 
tract  of  good  land,  abounding  with  white  oak  of  a  superior 
quality 

Navy  Island,  belonging  to  the  British,  is  next  passe<l,  lying 
within  gunshot  of  the  mainland.  This  island  obtained  great 
notoriety  in  the  fall  and  winter  of  1837-8,  when  it  was  occupied 
by  the  "  Patriots,"  as  they  were  styled,  during  the  troubles  in 
Canada.  The  steamer  Caroline  was  destroyed  on  the  niglit  of 
December  29th,  1837,  while  lying  at  Schlosser's  Landing,  on  the 
Amei'ican  shore,  having  been  engaged  in  transporting  persons  to 
and  from  the  island,  which  was  soon  after  evacuated. 

Opposite  Navy  Island,  on  the  Canada  side,  near  Chippewa  bat- 
tle-ground, is  the  house  in  which  Capt.  Usher  resideil  when  mur- 
dered in  1838.  It  is  supposed  he  fell  by  the  hands  of  some  of  the 
deluded  patriots,  having  been  shot  by  a  secret  foe,  while  in  his 
own  house 

Chippewa,  20  railes  below  Buffalo  and  two  miles  above  the 
Falls,  is  on  the  west  side  of  Niagara  Riverj  at  the  mouth  of  a 
creek  of  the  some  name,  which  is  navigable  to  Port  Robinson, 
some  eight  or  ten  miles  west ;  the  latter  place  being  on  the  lino 
of  the  Wellaud  Canal.  The  village  of  Chippewa  contains  a  popu- 
lation of  about  1 ,000  souls.  Steamboats  and  lake  craft  of  a  large 
size  aro  built  at  this  place  for  the  trade  of  Lake  Erie  and  the 
Upper  Lakes.  It  has  obtained  a  place  in  history  on  account  of 
the  bloody  battle  which  was  fought  near  it  in  the  war  of  1812, 
between  the  United  States  and  Great  Bi-itain.  The  battle  as 
fought  on  the  5th  of  July,  1814,  on  the  plains  a  ^hort  distunce 
south  of  the  steamboat  landing.  The  American  forces  were 
commanded  by  Major  Gen.  Jacob  Brown,  and  the  British,  by 
Major  General  Riall,  who,  after  an  obstinate  and  sanguinary 
tight,  was  defeated  with  considerable  loss. 


nUFF,M.(j    TO    MAOARA    FALLS,    ETC. 


11 


A    (hippowa  comn.onccs  tho  riiiIroM.1  oxtomlinir  to  Niagara 
at  U.0  mouth  of  tho  river,  a  .li.tanco  of  17  mile.s.^  otoa  uh  mti 
eontuuio  tho  ».,.o  of  travel  from  Loth  ends  of  this  roa.    th  «  A  r 

On  aiTivin^r  in  tho  vicinity  of  the  Fali,.  of  :T,  vr,  vr  *    tT,„ 
ear.  stop  near  tho  C/i/t  on  /f.,/v.,  situated  near  tic  fb-rv  Veud 
.nj.^  fo  the  American  side.     Tlie  site  of  this  hous.  vns  c bx^cn  as 
E\     '  l-^t  viow  of  both  the  An^ericnn  and  Can      Tn  o? 
iindowi    "  ^"^"'^'^^^"^'^  ••^'•«  ««^'"  f'-o'n  the  piazzas  aadfmnt^ 

In  addition  to  the  Falls,  there  are  other  Doints  of  ntt^  n*;^ 
on  the  Canada  side  of  the  river.     TircXctlT  f    „  •      S 
he  Mnsoum,  and  the  (.'amera  Obscura,  which  ffives  an  exact  anl 
ofTvisi'  •  ^'';?;S  V^'!^^"^-«  i^age  .f  the  Fnllf,  are  weH  w  r?h  I 
nL  n  n  )    ^    *"  ^^/'^r/^m.r  .sv„/„.,  ^  ,,0  miles  above  the  Fa  Is  Is 
also  much   frequented;   and   the  ri<-g   to   the   battlterom,,^ 
m   this  v.c.nity  make  an  oxhilaratin.-  and  very  plLfnt  o. 
curs.on.     For  furthor  description  of  Falls,  see  pL  211 

DRUMMoxnsviLLr,  one  mile  west  or  tho  Falls  and  sitimfp.] 
on  /.»/m/v',v  /.«,,Ms  celebrated  as  tho  sceueof  anothor  san^    n 

jSiy'i^^r:^;!!':"' '''"""  ^'^  ^""•'^••^"  "-^  BrSr';s.ces; 

The  following  is  a  brief,  though  correct  account  of  the  engaeo- 
ment.     -On  the  alternoon  of  th.>  n  bove  day,  while  the  A  me?  cm,  n 
army  was  on  their  march  from  Fort  Geor^l,  toward  /t^fV' 
a  cembng  the  west  bank  of  the  river,  their  rearguarf  ut/eV 
the  immodiato  conmmnd  of  (ion.  Scott    was  ■.ttf^lfli  V     *\ 
advanced  guard   of  the   British   army  uX*     'f   L^f  ^ 
Lntish  having  been  reinforced  after  their  defont  nf  cl^t' 
on  the  5th  of  the  same  month.     ThL^t'gU  t  a  glSrc^' 
flict  of  th^most  obstinate  and  deadly  oh^irnr^f^r      a. 
attacked,  (?en.  Scott  a<lvarced  with  hi^  dit lilnn   i^n.       T""  ""^ 
about  a ,000  men,  to  the  open  groCl  ting  tX^Z:tZ^ 
by  the  main  British  army,  where  werp  nlonfn  i  j^      occupied 
pieces  of  cannon.     Between  e=o.htLd?,^Ln^^^^       •  T'''^  ^^^""^ 

tested  until  near  midnight,  4en  1  JOoLon  Sng'S^rwCi 


12 


BUFFALO    TO    NIAGARA    FALLS,    ETC. 


or  wounded,  the  conflicting  armies,  amounting  altogether  to 
about  6,000  strong,  ceased  tlie  d'^adly  conflict,  and  for  a  time 
4  the  bloody  field  was  left  unoccupied,  except  by  the  dead  and 
wounded  When  the  British  discovered  that  the  Americans  had 
encamped  one  or  two  miles  distant,  they  returned  and  occupied 
their  former  position.  Thus  ended  one  of  the  most  bloody  con- 
flicts that  occurred  during  the  last  war ;  and  while  each  party 
boasted  a  victory,  altogether  too  dearly  bought,  neither  was  dis- 
posed to  renew  the  conflict."  ,      ^  i     ^  xi 

Clifton  is  a  new  and  flourishing  village,  situated  at  the 
western  termination  of  the  Great  Western  Railway,  where  it 
connects  with  the  Suspeiision  Bridge.     For  description  oi 
route  to  Detroit,  etc.,  see  page  150.  ,     ^  „         i    v     * 

QuEENSToN,  situated  seven  miles  below  the  Falls,  and  about 
^!-  J  same  distance  above  the  entrance  of  Niagara  River  into  Lake 
Ontario,  lies  directly  opposite  the  village  of  Lewiston,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  suspension  bridge  850  feet  in  length. 
It  contains  about  500  inhabitants,  60  dwelling-houses,  one 
Episcopal,  one  Scotch  Presbyterian,  and  one  Baptist  church, 
four  taverns,  four  stores,  and  three  warehouses.  This  place  is 
also  celebrated  as  being  the  scene  of  a  deadly  strife  between  the 
American  and  British  forces,  Oct.  13, 1812.  The  American  troops 
actually  engaged  in  the  fight  were  commanded  by  Gen.  Solomon 
Van  Rensselaer,  and  both  the  troops  and  their  commander 
greatly  distinguished  themselves  for  their  bravery,  although 
ultimately  overpowered  by  superior  numbers.  In  attempting  to 
rcffain  their  own  side  of  the  river  many  of  the  Americans 
perished,  the  whole  loss  in  Villed,  wounded,  and  prisoners 
amounting  to  at  least  1,000  mei..  ,  .,1   i  •    ^i 

IMaior  Gen  Brock,  the  British  commander,  was  killed  m  the 
middle  of  the  fight,  while  leading  on  his  men.  A  new.monument 
stands  on  the  b  eights,  near  where  he  fell,  erected  to*his  memory. 
The  first  monument  was  nearly  destroyed  by  gunpowder,  April 
17,  1840  ;  an  infamous  act,  said  to  have  be_en  perpetrated  by  a 
person  concerned  in  the  insurrection  of  1837-38. 

Bhock's  new  aioNUMENT  was  commencod  in  1853,  and 
finished  in  1856 ;  being  185  feet  high,  ascended  on  the  inside  by  | 
a  spiral  staircase  of  235  stone  steps.  The  base  is  40  feet  square | 
and  35  feet  in  height,  surmounted  by  a  tablet  35  feet  high,  with' 
historical  devices  on  the  four  sides.  The  main  shaft,  about  lOOj 
feet,  is  flated  and  surmounted  by  a  Corinthian  capital,  on  whiclij 
is  placed  a  colossal  figure  of  Major  General  Brock,  18  feet  in 
height.  This  beautiful  structure  cost  £l'-,000  sterling,  being! 
entirely  constructed  of  a  cream-colored  stone  quarried  in  the! 


iltogetlier  to 
id  for  a  time 
[le  dead  and 
mericans  had 
and  occupied 
t  bloody  con- 
le  each  party 
ither  was  dis- 

nated  at  the 
^'ay,  vrhere  it 
escription   ol 

lis.  and  about 
ver  into  Lake 
ewiston,  with 
'cet  in  length. 
5 -houses,  one 
iptist  church. 
This  place  is 
e  between  the 
nerican  troops 
Gen.  Solomon 
r  commander 
ery,  although 
attempting  to 
lie  Americans 
and  prisoner? 

s  killed  in  the 
lew  monument 
:o*his  memory, 
ipowder,  April 
rpetrated  by  a 

in  1853,  and 
n  the  inside  by ' 

40  feet  square  ■ 

feet  highjwitlij 
[laft,  about  lOOJ 
ipital,  on  which! 
rock,  18  feet  ini 

sterling,  bclngj 
quarried  in  the! 


BUFFALO    TO    NIAGARA    FALLS,    ETC.  13 

Vicinity.    A  massive  stone  wall,  80  feet  square,  adorned  with 
military  figures  and  trophies  at  the  corners,  27  feet  in  height 
surrounds  the  monument,  leaving  space  for  a  grass-plc:  and 
walk  on  the  inside  of  the  inclosure. 
Tne  following  is  the  inscription : 

Upper  Canada  has  dedicated  tJ.is  Monument 
to  the  memory  of  the  late 
>      .  .  Major-General  Sir  Isaai--  'Rvnr^^  v  rt 

Provisional Lieut..Governor and Conmalider^^T^'e &« in fhi« Vrr.  • 

The  last  words  of  Major  General  Brock,  when  he  fell  mortally 
wounded  by  a  musket-shot  through  the  left  breast,  were,  "  Never 
mind,  my  boys,  the  death  of  one  man-I  have  not  long  to  live  " 
Thus  departed  one  of  the  many  no1)le  spirits  that  were  sacrificed 
^n  tins  trontier  during  the  war  of  1812. 

The  village  of  Niagara  is  advantageously  situated  on  fl.. 
Canada  side,  at  the  entrance  of  the  river  into  T  ntl  n^f  -^ 
chrectly  opposite  Fort  Aria^ara,  oHie  American  sk^e  t/^^' 
tarns  about  3,000  inhabitlints  a  court  hJu?enndlail  T' 
Episcopal,  one  Presbyterian   oie   ATotWir r„  T    ^  V   ^^® 

yard  with  a  marine  raihvav  nml  fa^^r^Ar..r  ^^4.    i    i  "^^^'^" 

making  ^.ohi„.y  of  thiSdS%^.^r^^^^^^^^ 

sceao  of  a  severe  contest  in  IHi?  i«  Li  •  i  !t    \        .   ^^^  *^^e 

\i^:'i  mouth  of  the  river,  d  rectlv  onnosite  old   aw  a"  ' 

0  American  side.    The  now  f^.S™  ifcaS^.Sr 

The  whole  frontier  on  tho  Carinrio  «,>!„  ^ ,:,     .  ^ 

.^rt  Erie,  opposite  BaffaloV^vas  o^o'pied  ^tho  AuloricS'  'v" 


14 


NIAGARA    RIVER, 

ITS  RAPIDS,  FALLS,  ISLANDS,  AND  ROMANTIC  SCENERY. 


"  Majestic  stream !  what  river  rivals  thee, 
Thou  child  of  many  lakes,  and  sire  of  one- 
Lakes  that  claim  kindred  with  the  all-circling  sea- 
Large  at  thy  birth  as  when  thy  race  is  run ! 
Against  what  great  obstructions  hast  thou  won 
Thine  august  way— the  rock-formed  mountain-plain 
Has  opened  at  thy  bidding,  and  the  steep 
Bars  not  thy  passage,  for  the  ledge  in  vain 
Stretches  across  the  channel— thou  dost  leap 
Sublimely  down  the  height,  and  urge  again 
Thy  rock-embattled  course  on  to  the  distant  main." 

This  most  remarkable  and  romantic  stream,  the  outlet  of 
Lake  Erie,  through  which  flows  all  the  accumulated  waters  of 
the  Upper  Lakes  of  North  America,  very  appropriately  forms 
the  boundary  between  two  great  countries,  the  British  province 
of  Upper  Canada  on  the  one  side,  and  the  State  of  New  York, 
tlie  "  Empire  State"  of  the  Union,  on  the  opposite  side.  In  its 
whole  course,  its  peculiar  character  is  quite  in  keeping  with 
the  stupendous  Cataract  from  which  its  principal  interest  is 

derived. 

Tlie  amount  of  water  passing  through  this  channel  is  im- 
mense ;  from  a  computation  which  has  been  made  at  the  outlet 
01  Lake  Erie,  the  quantity  thus  discharged  is  about  twenty 
millions  of  cubic  feet,  or  upward  of  600,000  tons  per  minute, 
all  of  which  great  volume  of  water,  20  miles  below,  plunges 
over  the  Falls  of  Niagara. 

The  Niagara  River  commences  at  Bird  Island,  nearly  opposite 
the  mouth  of  Buffalo  harbor,  and  passes  by  the  site  of  old  Fort 
Erie  and  Waterloo  on  the  Cai..ada  side.  At  the  latter  place  a 
steam  ferry-boat  plies  aci*bs8  the  river  to  Black  Rock,  now  form- 
ing a  part  of  the  city  of  Buffalo.     It  is  here  proposed  to  con- 


NIAGARA    RIVER. 


15 


SCENERY. 


sea — 


i-plaia 


lain." 

the  outlet  of 
bed  waters  of 
riatcly  forms 
itish  province 
Df  New  York, 
3  side.  In  its 
keeping  with 
al  interest  is 

lanncl  is  im- 
)  at  the  outlet 
about  twenty 
LS  per  minute, 
)elow,  plunges 

learly  opposite 
ite  of  old  Fort 
latter  place  a 
ick,  now  form- 
oposed  to  con- 


struct a  railroad  bridge  across  the  stream,  about  1,800  feet  in 
width. 

Squaw  Island  and  Stkawberry  Island  are  both  small 
islands  lying  on  the  American  side  of  the  stream,  near  the  head 
of  Grand  Island     The  river  is  here  used  in  part  for  the  Erie 
Canal,  a  pier  extending  from  Squaw  Island  to  Bird  Island 
forming  a  large  basin  called  Black  Rock  Harbor. 
^   Grand  Island,  attached  to  Erie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  is  a  large  and 
important  body  of  land,  about  ten  miles  long  from  north  to 
south,  and  seven  miles  wide.    This  island  is  partly  cleared  and 
cultivated,  while  the  larger  portion  is  covered  with  a  large 
growth  of  oaks  and  other  forest  trees. 

The  ship  or  steamboat  channel  runs  along  the  bank  of 
Grand  Island  to  nearly  opposite  Chippewa,  where  the  whole 
stream  unites  before  plunging  over  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  being 
^  again  separated  at  the  head  of  Goat  Island.    From  this  point 
the  awe-struck  traveler  can  scan  the  quiet  waters  above,  and 
the  raging  rapids  below,  preparing  to  plunge  over  the  cataract 
Cayuga  Island  and  Buckhorn  Island  are  small  bodies 
of  land  belonging  to  the  United  States,  situated  immediately 
jbelow  Grand  Island.  '' 

Navy  Island,  lying  opposite  the  village  of  Chippewa,  18 
Imiles  below  the  head  of  the  river,  is  a  celebrated  island  belong. 
Png  to  the  Canadians,  having  been  taken  possession  of  by  the 
Sympathizing  patriots  in  1837,  when  a  partial  rebelUon  occurred 
In  Upper  and  Lower  Canada. 

ToNAWANDA,  11  milcs  bclow  Buffalo,  is  situated  at  the  mouth 

pt  Tonawanda  Creek,  opposite  Grand  Island.    The  Erie  Canal 

here  enters  the  creek,  which  it  follows  for  several  miles  on  its 

ourse  toward  Lockport.    A  railroad  also  runs  to  Lockport 

loimecting  with  the  J\^ew  York  Central  Railroad,  extending 

)  Albany.    A  ship  canal  is  proposed  to  be  constructed  from 

fonawanda  to  some  eligible  point  on  Lake  Ontario,  i.h"-  v>.ja„ 

ng  a  rival  to  the  Welland  Canal  of  Canada. 

ScHLOssER's  Landing,  two  miles  above  Niagara  Falls  village. 

I  a  noted  steamboat  landinp^.  opposite  Chippewa,  from  whence 


i  Hi 


( 
I 

HI  i 


!•     U  i 


IH 


NIAGARA    UIVEH. 


the  stoamor  Caroline  was  cut  adrift  by  tho  Britinh  and  de- 
stroyed, by  being  precipitated  over  tho  TuUb  din-ing  >he  Ca- 
nadian rebellion,  I>cconiber  29th,  1887. 

TiiK  RAinns.— Below  Navy  Island,  between  Chippewa  and 
Sohlo3.ser,  the  river  is  nearly  throe  miles  in  width,  but  soon 
uarrowH  to  one  mile,  when  tho  llapida  commence,  and  continue 
for  about  ono  mile  before  reaching  tho  edge  of  the  precipice  at 
the  Iforse-Shoo  Fall. 

At  tho  comnioncoment  of  the  Rapida  "  tho  bed  of  tho  river 
declinos,  the  channel  contracts,  numerous  large  rockH  heave  up 
tho  rolling  surges,  and  dispute  tho  passage  of  tho  now  raging 
and  fofiming  Hoods.  The  mighty  torrent  leaping  down  succes- 
sive leilgos,  dashing  over  opposing  elevations,  hurled  back  by 
ridgoa,  and  repelled  from  shores  and  islands— plunging,  boiling, 
roaring— seems  a  mad  wilderness  of  waters  striving  against  its 
better  fatt*,  and  hurried  on  to  destruction  by  its  own  blind  and 
reckless  impetuosity.  Were  there  no  cataract,  theso  Kapids 
would  yet  make  Niagara  tho  wonder  of  the  world." 

Iris,  or  Hoat  Island,  commences  near  tho  head  of  tho 
Rapids,  and  extends  to  the  precipico,  of  which  it  forms  a  part, 
separating  tho  American  Fall  from  tho  Canadian  or  llorse-Bhoe 
Fall.  It  is  about  half  a  mile  in  length,  eighty  rods  wide,  and 
contains  over  sixty  acres  of  arable  laivd,  being  for  tho  most  part 
covored  with  a  heavy  growth  of  forest  trees  of  a  variety  of 
species,  and  native  plants  and  flowers.  A  portion  of  tho  island, 
however,  has  beoji  cleared  oif,  and  a  garden  inclosed,  in  which 
are  some  excellent  fruit  trees,  and  a  variety  of  native  and 
foreign  plants  and  tlowers,  and  a  fish-pond.  Tlio  island  is  re- 
markably cool,  shady,  and  pleasant,  and  is  an  object  of  unceas- 
ing admiration  from  year  to  year.  Comfortable  seats  and 
arbors  are  placed  at  the  most  interesting  points,  where  the 
visitor  can  sit  at  ease  and  enjoy  the  beautiful  and  sublime 
views  prosontod  to  his  sight— often  entranced  by  a  deafening 
roar  of  mighty  waters  in  their  descent,  often  accompanied  by 
changing  rainbows  of  tho  most  gorgeous  description. 


I      ..; 


NlAOAltA    KIVER. 


n 


NIAGARA. 
Wn.TTKN    BY   LYDIA   H.    SrOOURV.V. 

Flow  on  forov.r,  in  thy  glorious  robe 
f  torror  ami  of  beauty;  God  haih  sot 
His  rainbow  on  thy  forohoad,  and  the  cloud 
Mantles  around  thy  foot,  an<l  lie  doth  givo 
Thy  vo  CO  of  thun.ler  j.ower  to  spoak  of  Ulm 
J^tornally;b!.!dinfftholl,,ofmau 

Ke,.,.  Hilmfio,  and  upon  Ihy  rocky  altar 
Tour  liicenao  of  awo-struck  praise 

the  Bito  of  tho  old  wooion  b  .  d 'o  ^  uf.  ?m7  *.^?  ^''*''"'^«*'  ^^^ 
Sists  of  four  arches  of  ninety  fc?et  JLJ?  ^^°^  ^^"«'  '^"^  c^"- 
the  abutments  of  tlireo  S      Tl.??  ^''H'  «"PPorted  between 
of  heavy  out  stone,  amiC  t.ve  tvC'ferf  "^'^*^'  ^  ^"^^^ 
wide,   apering  one  foot  i„  t  o     oUT     Th.  ?"^  and  six  feet 
formo.1  of  foot-square  oak  titnW  1?        i^  foundations  are 
together  in  criks,  filLd  wit    ston^  "  ""J"^  ^     ^-"""^  ''"^^  ^«^*«^ 
the  surface  of  thi  water     These  tilf  T'""?  ^'"^  *'"^^«r  at 
tected  against  wear  and  hn^iirfromtnT'^r"^^^^        '"'«  P^o- 
and  being  nlways  covere   S  wn?oi     !!{  ^'^^J^  P^'^tos  of  iJon, 
stone.  ^  ^^^"  ^^^-^c^'  wUl  be  as  durable  as  the 

,  *'Tho  superstructure  is  of  iron  ««  +i 
iron-archod  bridge.  The  w,ol«  t'm  ^^^  P^^"  ^^  Whipple's 
affording  a  douhle^arr  11-^^7  of  «^^^^^^  ''  twenty-seven  feet, 
^vo  foot-ways  of  five  audit  fShfoeurch  "wftS  '"''  '''^.  '^"^ 
The  arches  are  of  cast  iron  and  fl?«  i  %  "^  '^^"  radings. 
braces  of  wrought  iron.  All  tifo  infn  •'  ''''^''^^"'P^"^^^^^'  ^^^ 
tion  are  of  the  best  quality  and  t  1 1'^^'  T'^  ^"  **^°  «"°«t^'»C. 
parts  far  beyond  wh  U  aro^deemo  1  ^'^  ^"'*  ?^^""«*^  «f '^^  the 
1  to  the  sever4t  tests  ^"^  necessary  in  bridges  exposed 

ling  the  cataract,  is  worthy  nf^^f  -.     f  "^^P''^^'  ^""'^  overlook- 

h^other  instance  of  The  t4lh  of  t  '*  "'^^P'"''  '^"'^  '^ff«r<i8 
[obstacles  of  nature  '""^^^Ph  of  human  ingenuity  over  the 

Wre^^re^^t'^rTpTrr^^^  ^'^  "^^^  *^«  ^™--n 

kst  interesting  features  in  nff  J    ^  ^''^'''''  ^''^  constitute  the 


I 


1^        '»':\\ 

I        i 

1] 


18 


NIAGARA    RIVER. 


munication  ■with  these  interesting  localities  not  otherwise  ac- 
cessible." 

This  is  a  toll-bridge,  every  foot  passenger  being  charged  26 
cents  'or  the  season,  or  single  crossing. 

There  are  upward  of  thirty  islands  and  islets  in  the  Niagara 
Biver  or  Strait,  above  the  cataract.  Most  of  those  not  described 
ar3  small,  and  scarcely  worthy  of  enumeration,  although  those 
immediately  contiguous  to  Goat  Island  form  beautiful  objects  in 
connection  with  the  rushing  and  mighty  waters  by  which  they 
are  surrounded.  £ath  Island,  Brig  Island,  Ckapin's  Island, 
and  Bird  Island,  all  situated  immediately  above  the  American 
Fall,  are  reached  by  bridges. 

When  on  Goat  Island,  turning  to  the  right  toward  the  Falls, 
the  first  object  of  interest  is  Hogg's  Back,  a  point  of  land  fac- 
ing the  American  Fall,— Bridge  to  Adington  Island  immediately 
above  the  Cave  of  the  Winds,  160  feet  below.  Sam.  Patch's 
Point  is  next  passed  on  the  right,  from  which  he  took  a  fearful 
leap  some  years  since.  Biddle's  Stairs  descend  to  the  water's 
edge  below  and  the  Cave  of  the  Winds,  which  are  annually 
visited  by  thousands  of  visitors.  Terrapin  Bridge  and  Terrapin 
Tower  afiFord  a  grand  view  of  the  Canadian  or  Horse-Shoe  Fall 
and  Rapids  above  the  Falls.  Three  Sister  Islands  are  contiguous 
to  Goat  Island,  on  the  American  side.  Passing  around  Goat 
Island  toward  the  south,  a  grand  view  is  afforded  of  the  river 
and  rapids  above  the  Canadian  and  American  Falls. 


CAT AE ACT  OF  NIAGARA. 

"  Shrine  of  Oranipotence !  how  vast,  how  grand, 
How  awful,  yet  how  beautiful  thou  art ! 
Pilhir'd  around  thy  everlasting  hills, 
Eobed  in  tlie  drapery  of  descending  floods, 
Crowned  by  the  rainbow,  canopied  by  clouds 
That  roll  in  incense  up  from  thy  dread  base, 
Hid  by  their  mantling  o'er  the  vast  abyss 
Upon  whose  verge  thou  standest,  whence  ascends 
The  mighty  anthem  of  thy  Maker's  praise, 
Hymn'd  in  eternal  thunders  /" 


herwise  ac- 

charged  25 

he  Niagara 
ot  described 
hough  those 
al  objects  in 
which  they 
dn's  Island, 
le  American 

d  the  Falls, 
of  land  fac- 
immediately 
lam.  Patch's 
>ok  a  fearful 
>  the  water's 
re  annually 
nd  Terrapin 
se-Shoe  Fall 
B  contiguous 
,round  Goat 
of  the  river 


ds 


:,  f\ 


!   -H 


I 


^ 


a 

EH 


y 


THE  AMEBIOAN  FALLB  MOONLIGHT. 


tl 


H 


(R    I 


CATARACT    OF    NIAQAUA. 


10 


^lAGARA  is  a  word  of  Indian  origin— the 
ortliography,  accentuation  and  meaning 
of  whicli  are  variously  given  by  different 
authors.     It  is  highly  probable  that  this 
diversity  might  be  accounted  for  and 
explained    by  tracing  the  appellation 
,  .      pf*  through  the  dialects  of  the  several  tribes 
fe^q^l^^l  of  aborigines  who  formerly  inhabited  the 
J^Sa^^-St*     neighboring  country.     There  is  reason 
to  behave,  iiuwevcr.  that  the  etymon  belongs  to  the  language  of 
tlio  Iroquois,  and  signifies  the  '«  Thunder  of  PVaters." 

MVhen  the  traveler  first  arrives  at  the  cataract  he  stflr,  1« 
and  gazos,  and  is  lost  in  admiration.     The  Shtv  v  .Inn,!  :^ 
water  which  forms  the  outlet  of  the  great  S  S  Z  •  ""^ 
Michigan,  Huron,  and  Erie,  is  here  SreS tori  nt    ^"P^^^^^f' 
pice  KiOieet  high,  with  a  riar  lireXXLt  L     wVch'LT^^ 
be  heard,  in  favorable  circumstances,  to  iU  distancrnf  flrf  ^ 
mdes,  tliou-h,  at  times,  the  Falls  mav  be  no^  -w  n       ^^^5 
without  perceiving  much  to  indL'atraVemendoiLSr;^-^ 
the  vicmity.     1„  consequence  of  a  bend  \niCv\vX  ^  t*''^'^^*^  '? 
pal  weight  of  water  is  thrown  on  the  Siadhin  sil']      ^"f  \" 
is  called  the  Horse- Shoe  Fall  which  nnZ  !,„   k      '  ''°^"  '^^'** 
priate,  as  the  edges  of  the  pred^'ce  SavTcea  edToZ?''^^P'°- 
and  forms  a  moderately  acute  angle     Near  S  middle  n?7vf ' 
fall,  Goat  Island,  containing  75  aSres  extends  tnfr    ^^t 
the  precipice,  dividing  the  river  into  two  mvt«         %  ^''' ""  ""^ 
projecting  mass  of  rock  ut  a   iltle  S  stanTe  from    t\"l'  7.1" 

extendingfromtl^^TttXrt^^^tl^^^^^^^ 
has  been  constructed  from  the  American  sCe  to  li«ti^T«     5® 
and  another  connects  the  latter  with  Goat  TsW     ^?*^  island,, 
erected  on  tl:>e  brow  of  the  HorTp  5w  I  i  ^^'  ^"^"^  ^  *<^wer  is 
Goat  Island  by  a  sTort  brfdip  nn  S^-  //?"'  "PP^oached  from 
stand  over  th/edcfrof  the  mSht^  '}''  '^"''*'^*^^  ««e«^«  to 

fine  view  of  tliis  part  of  it     Th  J  y*,^^*^'^'  ^^^^  which  affords  a 

American  shore  ?o  Gout  Island  is  t^^'T  ""'  *^'  ^'^^^  ^^^"^  ^^^ 

Goat  Island  is  78  ror-  around  th^^^^^^^    ^"S^^^  *^'' ^^*"^*  ^^ 
Gnn^riio^   -ri-   '..      I'  ^^ound  the  Horse-Shoe  Fnll  nr,  ^x.^, 

feet;  near  Goa't  uVt^nLZl^lfiTLf""''  V*^ 
Inland,  on  the  Canada  dde,  164  felt^'^kifo'lS  l  aSl^' 


20 


CATARACT    OF    NIAGARA. 


Hi'' 


projection  on  the  Canadian  side,  at  the  edge  of  the  precipice,  ib 
160  feet  high.  This  place  is  generally  thought  to  present  the 
finest  view  of  the  FaUs ;  though  if  the  spectator  will  visit  the 
tower  on  the  opposite  side  on  Goat  Island,  at  sunrise,  when  the 
whole  cavity  is  enlightened  by  the  sun,  and  the  gorgeous  bow 
trembles  in  the  rising  spray,  he  can  not  elsewhere,  the  world 
over,  enjoy  such  an  incomparable  scene.  A  covered  stairway 
on  the  American  side  descends  from  the  top  to  the  bottom  of  the 
precipice. 

••  It  has  been  computed  that  100  million  tons  of  water  are  dis- 
charged over  the  precipice  every  hour.  The  Rapids  commence 
about  a  mile  above  the  Falls,  and  the  water  descends  67  feet  be- 
fore it  arrives  at  the  cataract.  The  view  from  the  bridge  to 
Goat  Island,  of  the  troubled  water  dashing  tumultuously  over 
the  rocks  of  the  American  fall,  is  terrific.  While  curiosity  con- 
stitutes an  attribute  of  the  numan  character,  these  falls  will  bo 
frequented  by  admiring  and  delighted  visitors  as  one  of  the 
grandest  exhibitions  in  nature. 

"  This  stupendous  cataract,  situated  in  N.  lat.  43°  6,'  and  W. 
long.  2°  6'  from  Washington,  is  twenty-two  miles  north  from  the 
efflux  of  the  river  at  Lake  Erie,  and  fourteen  miles  south  cf  its 
outlet  into  Lake  Ontario.  The  whole  length  of  the  river  is 
therefore  thirty-six  miles,  its  general  course  is  a  few  points  to 
the  west  of  north.  Though  commonly  called  a  river,  this  por- 
tion of  the  St.  Lawrence  is,  more  properly  speaking,  a  strait, 
connecting,  as  above  mentioned,  the  Lakes  Erie  and  Ontario,  and 
conducting  the  superfluous  waters  of  the  great  seas  and  streams 
above  though  a  broad  and  divided,  and  afterward  compressed, 
devious,  and  irregular  channel  to  the  latter  lake,  into  which  it 
empties — the  point  of  union  being  about  forty  miles  from  the 
western  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario. 

"  The  climate  of  the  Niagara  is  in  the  highest  degree  health- 
ful and  invigorating.  The  atmosphere,  constantly  acted  upon 
by  the  rushing  water,  the  noise  and  the  spray,  is  kept  pure,  re- 
freshing, and  salutary.  There  are  no  stagnap+  ^oo^ '  or  marshes 
near  to  send  abroad  their  fcetid  exhalations  aii^.  ,  ^ '  us  mias- 
mas, poisoning  the  air  and  producing  disease 

"Sweet-breathing  herbs  and  beautiful  viiu  iiowers  sjtrlng 
up  spontaneously  even  on  the  sides,  and  in  the  crevices  of  the 
giant  rocks ;  and  luxuriant  clusters  of  firs  and  other  stately 
forest  trees  cover  the  islands,  crown  the  cliiFs,  and  overhang 
the  banks  of  Niagara.  Here  are  no  mosquitoes  to  annoy,  no 
reptiles  to  alarm,  and  no  wild  animals  to  intimidate,  yet  there 
is  UTt  and  vivacity.  The  many-hued  butterfly  sips  ambrosia 
xroifi  ; '  c-  fresh  opcncd  honey-cup — birds  carol  their  lays  of  I'^ve 
among  tlie  spray- starred  branches;  and  the  lively  squij^el 
skips  chattering  from  tree  to  tree.    Varieties  of  water-fowl,  at 


CARARACT    OF    NIAGARA. 


31 


certain  seasons  of  the  year,  sport  among  the  rarids,  the  sea-cull 
play,  around  the  prec.pico,  md  the  eaglo-thl  banner  bhiof 
freeclom-hovers  above  tho  cataract,  plumes  his  ATpinions  in 

:si;:;;:s;r^i"-^- ''-  hoia.on,ti^i^rz<;? 

iX^iS'/?  ;  ""-^'^  '''  T'  ''""^'y  *^«-'  f'-om  the  S 
impossibility  of  describing  such  a  scene  as  this  wonderful 

.'ubetCr*'-  J^^^^^'-^^i^^ean  be  expressed  by  clTthere 
can  be  doT  liif  "^  ^P'^^:^'^^'  ^^'^^^t  idea  of  it ;  but  until  that 
can  be  clone,  Niagara  must  remain  undescribed." 

Below  the  Falls,  tho  first  objects  of  interest  are  tho  Ferry 
Stairs  and  Point  View  on  the  American  side ;  while  on  the  opposite 
side  18  a  ferry  and  steamboat  landing,  where  carriages  are 
usually  to  be  found  to  convey  passengers  to  the  Clifton  House, 
Table  Eock,  and  other  places. 

About  30  rods  below  the  ferry  stairs  is  the  spot  where  the 
hermit  Abbot  was  drowned.  Half  a  mile  below  the  latter  point 
is  Catlin's  Cave,  formerly  much  frequented. 

The  steamboat  lauding  for  the  Maid  of  the  Mist  is  situated 
on  the  American  shore  two  miles  below  the  Falls  and  about  half 
a  mile  above  the  Suspension  Bridge.  This  steamer,  the  second 
boat  of  the  same  name,  first  commenced  running  as  an  experi- 
ment  boat  in  1813.;  since  then  she  has  run  annually  without 
an  accident  of  any  kind.  The  first  trip  was  made  on  September 
18th,  184G,  by  Capt.  H.  Filkins,  who  with  his  small  crew  were 
the  only  persons  on  board,  except  an  intrepid  Canadian  who  was 
desirous  of  crossing  the  river  with  a  horse,  they  both  beino- 
safely  landed  on  Ihe  Canadian  shore.  ' 

The  SvsvESBioN  Bridge,  the  greatest  artificial  curiosity  in 
America,  h  ituated  two  miles  and  a  half  below  the  Falls,  where 
has  recentl^v  sprung  into  existencj  JViagara  City,  or  better 
known  as  the  Smpmsiofi  Bridge,  on  the  American  side,  and 
Clifton  on  the  Canadian  aide  of  the  rivor.  bpro  hmr^n.  oi>^,,+  oaa 
leet  m  width,  willi  perpendicular  banks  of  325  feet. 

The  Whir/poo/  and  liapids,  one  mile  below  the  Bridge,  are 
terrific  rghts  of  great  interest,  and  \*ell  worthy  a  visit. 


:1i 


22 


CATARACT    OF    NIAGARA. 


r  s 


The  DeviVs  Hole,  one  mile  farther  down,  is  also  a  point  of 
great  attraction,  together  with  the  Bloody  Bu?i,  a  small  stream 
w]'5re  a  detachment  of  English  soldiers  wer^  precipitated  in 
their  flight  from  an  attack  by  Indians  during  the  old  French 
war  in  1 769.  An  amphitheater  of  high  ground  spread  s  around 
and  perfectly  incloses  the  valley  of  the  Devil's  Hole,  with  the 
exception  of  a  narrow  ravine  formed  by  Bloody  Run— from 
whi^,  against  a  large  force,  there  is  no  escape,  except  over 
the  precipice.  The  Ice  Cave  is  another  object  of  interest  con- 
nected with  tlie  Devil's  Hole. 

^  The  Mapids  below  the  Whirlpool  are  the  next  object  of  attrac- 
tion; then  Queenston  Heights  and  Brock's  Monument  on  the  Ca- 
nadian side,  and  the  Suspension  Bridge  at  Lei  iston;  altogether 
forming  objects  of  interest  sufficient  to  fill  a  well-sized  volume. 

"^16  Niagara  River  is  navigable  fromLewiston  to  its  mouth  at 
Fc  Niagara,  a  farther  distance  of  seven  miles,  or  fourteen 
belovr  the  Falls  of  Niagara. 


NEW  STEAMER  MAID  OF  THE  MIST, 
This  steamboat  will  in  future  stop  at  both  the  Ferry  landings, 
on  the  American  and  Canadian  shores.  She  is  of  170  tons  bur- 
den, propelled  by  a  powerful  engine  of  over  100  horse-power, 
built  expressly  for  this  route,  furnished  with  Francis'  Life-boats, 
and  all  the  modern  improvements.  The  Cabins,  Saloons,  and 
Promenade  Deck  extend  over  the  whole  boat,  so  that  passengers 
will  be  completely  protected  from  the  spray ;  now  making  her 
regular  trips  under  the  piletage  of  J.  R.  Robinson,  the  cele- 
brated navigator  of  the  Rapids  of  Niagara. 

The  pleasure  trip  up  to  the  Falls  would  seem  to  require  little 
to  recommend  it,  as  the  thousands  who  have  repeated  it  in  the 
old  boat  can  bear  witness  to  its  great  attractions.  The  novelty, 
beauty,  and  grandeur  of  the  scene  can  not  be  over-estimated, 
pasaing  as  the  boat  does,  for  two  miles  through  the  gorge  of  the 
Niagara,  directly  in  front  of  the  New  Railroad  Suspension 
Bridge,  the  American  Fall,  Lunar  Island,  Cave  of  the  Winds,  to 


"CATARACT    OF    NIAGARA. 


23 


the  Great  Horse-Shoe  Falls  and  Table  Kock,  all  of  which  are 
presented  at  one  view  to  the  beholder  in  their  most  sublime  and 
imposing  aspect. 

The  boat  will  run  daily  {Sundays  excepted),  leaving  Suspen. 
sionBridge  Wharf  morning  and  evening.  The  charge  for  thi 
Pl-easure  Trip  will  be  60  cents. 

^  Omnibuses  and  Carriages  run  from  all  the  depots  and 
hotels  in  connection  with  the  boat. 


The  village  of  Niagara  Fai^i^s,  Niagara  Co.,  N.  Y..  is  sit- 
uated  on  the  east  side  of  Niagara  River,  in  the  immediate  vi- 
cinity  of  the  grand  Cataract,  22  miles  from  Buffalo  and  303 
miles  from  Albany  by  railroad  route.    No  place  in  the  Union 
exceeds  this  favored  spot  as  a  fashionable  place  of  resort  dur- 
ing the  summer  and  fall  months,  when  hundreds  of  visitors 
may  be  seen  every  day  flocking  to  Goat  Island,  or  points  con- 
tiguous    0  the  Rapids  and  Falls.     The  village  contains  several 
large  hotels  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors,  the  most  noted 
of  which  are  the  Cataract  House  and  the  International  Hotel- 
the  Monteagle  Hotel,  situated  two  miles  below  the  Falls,  near 
the  Suspension  Bridge,  and  the  Clifton  House,  on  the  Canada 
side,  are  nil  ahke  popular  and  well-kept  hotels;  there  are  five 
cnurches  of  different  denominations ;  15  stores,  in  many  of  which 
are  kept  for  sale  Indian  curiosities  and  fancy  work  of  different 
fands.      The  water-power  here  afforded    by   the  descending 
stream,  east  of  Goat  Island,  is  illimitable.     A  paper-mill  f 
flouring-mill,  two  saw-mills,  a  woolen  factory,  a  furnace  a^d 
machme  shop,  together  with  other  manufacturing  establish- 
ments  here  use  the  water-power  so  bountifully  supplied     The 
population  is  about  3,000.  ^  ^ 

The  railroads  centering  at  the  Falls  |re  the  Buffalo,  Magara 
tails  and  Lewiston  Railroad,  the  Mw  York  Central  Rail- 
r^aa,  ana  the  Canandaigua  and  JViagara  Falls  Railroad: 
the  latter  road  connecting  with  the  JYew  York  and  Eric  Rail 
road^nd   forming  with  other  roads  a  direct  route  to  Phila- 
aelphia,  Baltimore,  and  Washington. 


24 


CATARACT    OF    NIAGARAf 


!   i 


III  ilSli 


An  omnibus  line  runs  hourly  from  the  village  of  Nipf^  _ 
Falls  to  Niagara  City,  or  Suspension  Bridge,  during  the  sum- 
mer months,  and  thence  to  the  Clifton  House  and  Table  Rock 
^on  the  Canada  side,  afiFording  a  cheap  mode  of  visiting  both 
sides  of  Niagara  River. 

Niagara  City,  situated  two  miles  below  the  Falls,  at  the 
SKspension  Br'fge,  is  a  new  and  flourishing  place.  Here  is  lo- 
cated the  Monteagle  Hotel,  and  other  public  houses,  together 
with  several  stores  and  manufacturing  establishments. 


DIMENSIONS  OF  SUSPENSION  BEIDGE. 

Length  of  span  from  center  to  center  of  towers .  822  feet. 

Height  of  railroad  track  above  water 250    «' 

Height  of  towers  above  rock  on  American  side. .  88    " 

Height  of  towers  above  rock  on  Canada  side ...  .  78    " 

Height  of  towers  above  floor  of  railway •. . .  60    " 

Number  of  wire  cables 4 

Diameter  .of  each  cable 10  inches. 

Number  of  wires  in  each  cable 3,659 

Weight  of  superstructure 750  tons. 

Base  of  towers 16  feet  sq. 

Top  of  towers 8      " 

Depth  of  anchor  pits  below  surface  of* rocks. ...  30  fatv. 

WEIGHT   OF    THE    MATERIALS    IX    THE    BRIDGE. 

Timber  of  different  kinds 919,130  lbs. 

Wrought  iron  and  suspenders 113,120     " 

Castings 44,322     '* 

Iron  rails 66,740     " 

Cable  between  towers 535,400    " 

Total 1,678,722    " 


The  Great  Westerti  Railway  of  Canada,  which  unites  with 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  terminating  on  the  American 
side  of  the  river,  here  commences  and  extends  westward  throuf^h 
Hamilton,  London,  and  Chatham  to  Windsor,  opposite  Detroit, 
Mich.,  forming  one  of  the  great  throiigh  Imcs  of  travel  from 
Boston  and  New  York  to  Chicago  and  the  Far  West. 

Tliis  road  also  furnishes  a  speedy  route  of  travel  to  Toronto, 
CoUingwood,  etc. 


NIAGARA    FALLS. 


25 


fJ78,722     " 


BATE  OF  CnARGESAT  NIAGARA  PALLS 

The  following  are  the  rate  of  charges  usually  exacted  from 

persons  v.s.ting  Niagara  Falls-but,  unfortunatel  "sit^^^^^ 

-e  often  practiced  by  unprincipled  individuals,  aftirr; Ti 

a.- other  fashionable  resorts  :  "^  ^nis,  as  well 

AMERICAN    SIDE. 

Board,  from  one  to  two  and  a  half  dollars  per  day 
For  services  of  guide,  from  one  to  three  dollars 

thf  Lr  o?e tr  ^  '''^'-'  '-'''  -'  ^^-^^^  ^^^^  Cave  of 
For  crossing  bridge  to  Goat  Island,  25  cent« 
Fare  to  and  from  Suspension  Bridge,  12|  cents. 
Fare  for  crossing  Suspension  Bridge,  25  cents 
Fare  to  the  Whirlpool,  50  cents. 
For  use  of  steps  or  cars  on  Inclined  Plane,  6^  cents 
Ferriage  to  Canada  side,  I83  cents 
Omnibus  fare  and  steam  ferriage  to  Canada  side,  25  cents. 

CANADA   SIDE. 

Board,  from  one  to  two  and  a  half  dollars  per  day. 
a.-o:r:r."~  -^I-..  camera  Cseura..^  Heasure 

Carriage  fore  from  ferry  to  CUfton  House,  Ci  cents 
I    0™  e  to  Rattle  Ground  and  visiting  MonuC  '25  cents 

Carriage  fare  per  day,  four  dollars. 
Hver'arH"  it;'r  ™f*^'  °'  ""  ^'''"=>  ™  ^»""  «*3  of  the 
Cataract.  •■  *  '""="°°  "''"'  '"'^  ^ow  the  mighty 


j7i"rif 


26 


BUFFALO    TO    LEWISTON,    ETC. 


Lewiston,  Niagarjf  Co. ,  N.  Y.,  is  delightfully  situated  on  the 
east  bank  of  the  Niagara  River,  seven  miles  below  the  Falls, 
and  seven  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  river  vrhere  it  falls  into 
Lake  Ontario.  It  is  an  incoi-porated  village  and  contains  about 
1,000  inhabitants,  four  churches,  an  incorporated  academy ;  a 
custom-house,  it  being  the  port  of  entry  for  ^he  district  of 
Niagara;  three  hotels,  nine  stores,  and  three  storehouses. 
Here  is  a  very  convenient  steamboat  landing,  from  which 
steamers  depart  daily  for  Oswego,  Ogdensburgh,  etc.,  on  the 
American  side,  and  for  Toronto,  Kingston,  etc.,  on  the  Canadian 
side.  The  Buffalo,  Niagara  Falls  and  Lewiston  Railroad  ter- 
minates at  this  place,  where  is  a  magnificent  Suspension  Bridge 
thrown  across  the  Niagara  jonner  ting  Lewiston  with  Qaeenston, 
Canada.  The  mountain  ridge  lere  rises  about  300  feet  above 
the  river,  forming  many  pictu  esque  and  romantic  points  of 
great  interest.  On  the  Americ.m  side  of  the  river  stands  the 
site  of  old  Fort  Gray,  erected  d<\ring  the  war  of  1812,  while  on 
the  Canadian  side  are  situated  Queenston  Heights,  surmounted 
by  a  beautiful  monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  Gen.  Brock, 
of  the  British  army,  who  was  here  killed  in  a  sanguinary  con- 
flict, October  13th,  1812.  From  this  height  a  most  extensive 
and  grand  view  is  obtained  of  Lake  Ontario  and  the  surround- 
ing country. 

YouNGSTowN,  six  milcs  below  Lewiston,  and  one  mile  above  J 
old  Fort  Niagara  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  is  a  regular  steam- 
boat landing.  The  village  contains  about  800  inhabitants:! 
three  churches,  two  public  houses,  five  stores,  and  two  flouring- 
mills,  besides  other  manufacturing  establishments.  A  railroad 
is  nearly  completed,  extending  from  this  place  to  Niagara  Falls, 
being  a  continuation  of  the  Canandaigua  and  Niagara  Fall? 
Railroad,  now  completed  to  the  Suspension  Bridge.  A  fern  : 
plies  from  Youngstown  to  the  village  of  Niagara  on  the  Canada 3 
side  of  the  river,  here  about  half  a  mile  in  width.  This  is  thei 
first  landing,  on  the  American  side  of  the  river,  after  leavingi 
the  broad  waters  of  Lake  Ontario 


LAKE    ONTAHIO. 


27 


LAKE  OSTAEIO. 

Tma  Lake,  the  most  eastern  of  the  great  chain  of  Lakes  of 
North  An>er,ca  receives  the  surplus  waters  of  Niagara" 
t  .s  190  maes  in  length,  and  00  miles  in  extreme  breadl-' 
bemg  about  480  miles  in  circumference.  The  boundary  bne 
between  the  British  Possessions  and  the  United^ 
through  the  middle  of  the  lake,  and  so  cont^rd!::™ 

The  lake  is  navigable  throughout  its  whole  extent  for  vessels 
of  the  argest  size;  and  it  is  said  to  be  in  some  places  u^w  rf 
of  000  feet  m  depth.  Its  surface  is  elevated  234  feet  above  the 
Atlanhc.  and  lies  880  feet  lower  than  Lake  Erie,  with  wUch  il 

I      Zra     tt'h  ''Tr-  ''''"  "-O  "^  '"^  Wellanl^m^ 
;  m  Canada.    It  has  also  been  proposed  to  construct  a  ship  canal 
on  the  Amencan  side.    The  trade  of  Lake  Ontario  fromThe 
great  extent  of  inhabited  country  surrounding  it,  i   very  co' 
s.derable,  and  is  rapidly  increasing.      Many  sai   velu  Z 
blend.d  steamers  are  employed  in  navigatingVs  wa^s  whicl 
lowmg  to  its  great  depth,  never  freezes,  ezcent  at  Tt    T 
Where  the  water  is  shallow ;  so  that  its  n'a  Xt  lot  t7 
dually  .nterrupted  by  ice  as  some  of  the  other     rre,rkf' 
The  mos    .mportant  places  on  the  Canadian  or  British  side  of 

Ut.  Harb^oX  cLreTpoft  eir  alir' 
jiston  on  Niagara  lliver      Thi«,  u^r.  •  ^^nesee,  and  Lew- 

gable  waters'of  th'^^dso^vraLTthTo  '"'  "^ 
lErie  canals.      It  receives  numerous  "rZ    both  Z  "th 

vanetyof  fish  of  an  excellent  flavor.    The  bass  anrt  »„,,.!.  f' 
P..ucumr,  have  a  high  reputation,  and  are  takenTn'l?. 

be  picture^ue  waters  of  the  Bay  of  Q„intr  "'"'"' """ 


;  t 


!  I  r 


If 


I 


28 


LAKE    ONTARIO. 


The  passage  across  Lake  Ontario  in  calm  weather  is  most 
agreeable.  At  times  both  shores  are  hidden  from  vie-w,  when 
nothing  can  be  seen  from  the  deck  of  the  vessel  but  an  abyss 
of  waters.  The  refractions  which  sometimes  take  place  in 
summer,  are  exceedingly  beautiful.  Islands  and  trees  appear 
turned  upside  down  ;  and  the  white  surf  of  the  beach,  trans- 
lated aloft,  seems  like  the  smoke  of  artillery  blazing  away  from 
a  fort* 


*  Bbatttipfl  Mirage.— That  grand  phenomenon  occasionally  witnessed 
on  the  Lakes— mirage— was  seen  from  the  steamer  Bay  State,  on  a  recent 
trip  from  Niagara  to  Genesee  Kiver  (August,  1S56),  with  more  than  or 
dinary  splendor.  The  Lockport  Jouriial  says  it  occurred  just  as  the  sun 
Avas  sotting,  at  which  time  some  twelve  vessels  were  seen  reflected  on  the 
horizon,  in  an  inverted  position,  with  a  distinctness  and  vividness  truly 
surprising.  The  atmosphere  was  overcast  with  a  thick  haze  such  as  pre 
cedes  a  storm,  and  of  a  color  favorable  to  represent  upon  the  darkened 
background,  vividly,  the  full  outlines  of  the  rigging,  sails,  etc.,  as  perfect 
as  if  the  ships  themselves  were  actually  transformed  to  the  aerial  canvas. 
The  unusual  phenomenon  lasted  until  darkness  put  an  end  to  the  scene. 


ROUTE   ABOUND  LAKE   ONTARIO. 

Miles. 

Kingston,  C.  W.,  to  Toronto,  via  Grand  Trunk  Railway .  160 

Toronto  to  Hamilton,  C.  W.,  Toronto  and  Hamilton  R.R.  38 

Hamilton  to  Suspension  Bridge,  via  Great  Western  R.R. .  48 
Suspension  Bridge  to  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  via  ^.  Y.  Cetitral 

Railway 76 

Rochester  to  Oswego,  N.  Y.,  by  stage 70 

Oswego  to  Richliuid,  N.  Y.,          "        35 

Richland  to  Cape  Vincent,  via  Watertown  and  Rome  R.R.  65 

Cape  Vincent  to  Kingston,  C.  W.,  via  Wolfe  Island 12 

Total  Miles 489 

NoTF.— The  extren^j  length  of  L.  Ontario  is  190  miles,  from 
Cape  Vincent  to  Hamilton,  C.  W. ;  being  about  four  times  as 
long  as  its  greatest  width.  The  circuit  of  the  water  is  esti- 
mated at  480  miles.     See  Lake  Erie,  ntiffe  163. 


STEAMBOAT    ROUTES. 


29 


AMERICAN  STEAMBOAT  ROUTE  FROM  LEWISTON  TO 
OSWEGO,  KINGSTON,  AND  0GDEN8BURGH. 

Porta,  etc. 


Miles. 
0 
6 
1-7 


Lewistokt 

Youngstown 

J^lagara,  Can 

Charlotte^     or     Port 

Genesee 80-87 

PultneyvWe 20-107 

Sodus  Point 10-117 

Oswego 30-147 

Stoney  Point  and  Island  33-180 


Porta,  etc.  Miles. 

Ogdeivsburgh 0 

Morristown H 

Brockville,  Can 1-12 

Thousand  Islands. . . 

Alejcandria  Bay. 22-34 

Clayton,    or     French 

(^reek 12-46 

Grandj  or  Wolfe  Island 

Kingston,  Can 24-70 


Sackefs  Harbor 12-192  Sacked s  Harbor. . .       38-108 

Grand,  or  ^rolfe  Mand  28-220  Stoney  Point  and  Island  12-]20 

Kingston,  Can 10-230    Oswego 33.153 

Thousand  Islands. . .  Sodus  Point 30-183 

Clayto7i,    or    French  Pultneymlle 10-193 

^""'^^ 24-254  Charlotte,     or     Port 

Mcxandria  Bay . .  .    .    12-266  Genesee....           20-213 

Brockville,  Can 22-288  JViagara,  Can. .            80-293 

Morristown 1-289  Youngstown...               I-994 

Ogdensburgh 11-300    Lewiston 6-300 

Usual  Time  from  Lewiston  to  Ogdensburgh,  via  Oswego  and 
Kingston,  28  hours. 

Usual  Time,  via  Toronto  and  Cape  Vincent,  22  hours 
Cabin  Fare,  $5  50  (including  meals).     Deck  Fare,  $2  60. 


STEAMBOAT  ROUTE  FROM  LEWISTON  TO  TORONTO  AND 

OGDENSBURGH,  ma  EXPRESS  LINE. 
^'''•'3,  etc.  Miles.         Ports,  etc. 

Ogdensburgh  ,  ,  . . . 

Brockville,  Can, 

Clayton,  or   French 

^    ^!;^^^ 34-45 

Oape  Vincent 13-68 

Tibbet's  Point 3_6l 


Miles. 

Lewiston q 

Niagara 7 

Toronto,  Can 42-49 

Point  Peter  and  Light  1 28-177 

Duck  Island 30-207 

Tibbet's  Point  and  L.     19-226 


Miles. 
0 

11 


30 


STEAMBOAT    ROUTES. 


Miles. 
3-229 


Ports,  etc. 

Cape  Vincent 

Clayton,  or   French 

'  Creek 13-242 

Brockville,  Can 34-276 

Ogdensburgh 11-297 


Ports,  etc.  Miles. 

Duck  Island 19-80 

Point  Peter  and  Light    30-1 10 

Toronto 128-238 

Niagara 42-280 

Lewiston 7-287 

Usual  Fare,  from  Ogdensburgh  to  Montreal,    $3  60 

Through  Fare,  from  Lewiston  to  Montreal,  9  00 

from  Bufifalo  to  Montreal,  10  00 


(( 


AMERICAN   STEAMEES. 

ONTAEIO  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  STEAMBOAT  COMPANY'S  OFFICE,  OSWEGO,  N.  Y. 

E.  B.  Allen,  Pres.,  Ogdensburgh. 

Jas.  Van  Cleve,  Sec.  and  Treas  ,  Lewiston. 

Steamer  Bay  State,  1,098  tons Capt.  John  Ledyard. 

"      New  York,  1,200  «    «     KB. Chapman. 

"      Northerner,  905    "    «     R.  F.  Child. 

"      Cataract,       677   "    "    Jas.  R.  Ester. 

"      Niagara,         473   "    "    John  Morley. 

"      Ontario,         832   "    "     H.  N.  Throop. 

One  of  the  above  steamers  leaves  Lewiston  daily  for  Charlotte, 
Oswego,  Sacket's  Harbor,  Kingston,  and  Ogdensburgh,  returning 
by  the  way  of  Cape  Vincent,  Toronto,  etc.,  to  Lewiston. 

A  steamer  of  the  same  line  also  leaves  Lewiston  daily  for 
Toronto,  Cape  Vincent,  and  Ogdensbui'gh,  returning  by  the  way 
of  Sacket's  Harbor,  Oswego,  Charlotte,  etc.,  to  Lewiston,  con- 
necting with  cars  running  to  Niagara  Falls,  Buffalo,  etc. 

ST.  LxlWRENOE  RIVER  STEAMERS, 

EtJNNING   IN   CONNECTION   WITH   THE   ABOVE   BOATS,  FORMING  A  THEOtTGH 

LINE  TO  MONTEBAL. 

Steamer  British  Queen,  300  tons Capt.  A.  Cameron. 

"      Jenny  Lind,        300  "     «      L.  Moody. 

"      Montreal,  300  "     "      John  Laflame. 

One  of  the  above  steamers  leaves  Offdensbursrh.  dailv.  du.Mncr 
the  sousoii  of  navigation,  for  Montreal,  passing  by  da-^  light 
through  the  Rapids  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  returning  through  the 
Canals. 


i!|  ,iiai  !' 


Miles. 
. . .  19-80 
ight  30-110 
...  128-238 
. . .  42-280 
. . .       7-287 

,    $8  60 

9  00 

10  00 


,  OSWEGO,  N,  Y. 
tl. 

n. 

in  Ledyard. 
B.  Chapman. 
F.  Child. 
!.  R.  Ester, 
in  Morley. 
N.  Throop. 
•r  Charlotte, 
h,  returning 
3ton. 

3n  daily  for 
;  by  the  way 
viston,  con- 
,  etc. 


G  A  THKOtTGH 

Cameron. 

Moody, 
hn  Laflame. 
ailv.  du.Mncr 
by  da-^  light 
through  the 


•  ^ 


P5 


pi^ 


33 


TRIP  FROM 


LEWISTON  TO  OSWEGO,  ELXGSTOiX, 
AND  onnRv^iuTiN!!! 


AND  OGDEXSnuilGlI. 


DuniNo  the  season  of  navigation,  steamers  of  a  large  class, 

belonging  to  the  Ontario  and  St.  Lawrence  Steamboat  Com- 

paru/,  leave  Lewiston  daily,  following  the  south  or  American 

.shore  to  the  foot  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  thence  to  Ogdensburgh, 

on  the  St.  Lawrence  River, 

On  leaving  the  whart  at  Lowiston,  a  most  beautiful  and  ex- 
tensive view  is  afforded  of  Niagara  River,  the  lower  Suspension 
Rndgo,  Brock's  Monument  on  Queenston  Heights,  and  the  vil- 
Inges  of  Lewiston  and  Queenston,  with  the  Mountain  Ridge  in 
tl)e  background.  When  are  associated  the  stirring  historical 
events  connected  with  this  vicinity,  no  spot  exceeds  it  in  interest. 
The  banks  of  the  river  are  here  elevated  from  40  to  50  feet 
witli  bold  shores,  while  the  water  rushes  onward  into  Lake 
Ontario,  the  receptacle  of  all  the  waters  of  the  Upper  Lakes. 

Fort  Niagara,  seven  miles  below  Lewiston,  lying  on  the 

American  shore  at  the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  River,  is  well 

5vorthy  of  a  visit  in  connection  with  the  ruins  of  Fort  ' Georcrc 

on  the  Canadian  shore,  near  the  village  of  Niagara.     In  1679 ' 

M.  De  Salle,  the  explorer  of  the  Mississippi,  in  the  service  of 

France,  inclosed  the  spot  on  which  the  fort  was  here  built  in 

1  /  25,  by  palisades.     In  1759  it  was  taken  by  the  British,  under 

Sir  William  Johnson,  in  whose  hands  it  remained  until  1796 

when  It  was  evncuated  and  given  up  to  the  United  States.     On 

the  19th  of  December,  1813,  it  was  again  taken  by  the  British 

by  surprise;  and  in  March,  1815,  again  surrendered  to  the 

Americans.    This  old  fort  is  as  much  noted  for  being  the  theater 

of  tyranny  and  crime  as  fnr  tho  o^or.oa  ^f  -.n^^-, -     -.  .. 

.      -  --    —  •■••,. .v^  vi  mixuaij  exploits. 

While  m  the  hands  of  the  French,  there  is  no  doubt  of  its  hav- 
ing been  at  times  used  as  a  prison.  In  its  close  and  impreg- 
nable dungeons,  where  light  was  not  admitted,  for  many  yeai-s 


|. 


s- 


34  LEWI8T0N    TO    OSWEGO    AND    OGDENSBUROH. 

there  remained  clear  traces  of  the  rea.ly  instruments  for  exe- 
cution or  for  murder.  During  the  war  of  the  Revolution  it  was 
the  head-quarters  of  all  that  was  barbarous  and  unrelenting 
and  cruel ;  this  being  the  chief  rendezvous  of  a  savage  horde 
that  carried  death  and  destruction  into  the  remote  American 
settlements.  Of  late  years,  the  abduction  of  William  Morgan, 
who  was  taken  from  the  jail  in  Canandaigua,  and  conveyed 
more  than  100  miles  through  a  populous  country,  and  lodged 
in  the  magazine  at  Fort  Niagara,  where  he  was  kept  three  or 
four  days,  and  then  inhumanly  drowned— has  justly  tended  to 
continue  its  reputation  for  being  the  scene  of  tyranny  and 
murder. 

On  passing  out  of  the  mouth  of  the  Niagara  River,  and  reach- 
ing the  broad  waters  of  Lake  Ontario,  a  deeply  interesting  view 
is  afforded  of  the  town  of  Niagara  and  Fort  Niagara,  situated 
on  opposite  sides  of  the  river,  while  in  the  distance  may  be  seen 
Brock's  Monument,  rising  nearly  500  feet  above  the  waters  of 
the  lake,  being  eight  or  ton  miles  distant. 

The  steamer  now  pursues  an  easterly  course  in  running  for 
Charlotte,  or  Port  Genesee,  80  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Niagara 
River.  The  shores  of  the  lake  of  a  clear  day  are  generally  in 
sight,  presenting  an  elevated  and  bold  appearance  for  many 
miles.  Eighteen  Mile  Creek,  Thirty  Mile  Creek,  and  Oak 
Orchard  River  are  passed  in  succession ;  at  the  mouth  of  each 
there  are  harbors  and  small  settlements.  Braddock's  Point 
is  a  bold  headland  ten  miles  west  of  the  mouth  of  the  Genesee 
River. 

Charlotte,  or  Port  Genesee,  80  miles  from  the  mouth  of 
Niagara  River,  and  60  miles  west  from  Oswego,  is  situated  at 
the  mouth  of  Genesee  River,  seven  miles  by  railroad  below  the 
city  of  Rochester,  it  being  the  outport  for  that  place.  It  is 
a  port  of  entry,  possessing  a  safe  harbor,  being  protected  by  two 
long  government  piers,  on  one  of  which  is  located  a  light ;  there 
is  also  a  light-house  on  the  mainland.  The  village  contains 
about  400  inhabitants,  two  churches,  three  hotels,  four  stores, 
four  warehouses,  one  steam  elevator,  one  steam  saw-mill,  and 


LEWISTON    TO    OSWKQO    AND    OODENSBURGH. 


35 


an  extensive  brick-yard.  American  and  British  steamers  run 
direct  from  Charlotte  to  Cobourg.  Port  Hope.  Toronto,  etc  .  on 
the  Canada  side  of  the  lake ;  also  to  Oswego.  Sacket's  Harbor. 
etc.,  on  the  American  side,  all  connecting  at  Charlotte  with 
railroad  cars  for  Rochester. 

The  Falls  of  the  Genesee,  near  Rochester,  are  well  worthy 
attention.  The  banks  of  the  river  immediately  above  Charlotte 
rise  from  50  to  150  feet  in  height,  presenting  a  fine  appearance 
The  river  is  navigable  for  five  or  six  miles  to  the  first  fall  at 
Carthage,  within  the  city  bounds  of  Rochester;  then  other  falls 
occur,  the  principal  and  most  interesting  being  near  the  center 
of  the  city,  it  extending  on  both  sides  of  the  stream.  The 
water-power  here  aflForded  is  very  great,  being  used  to  a  great 
extent  in  propelling  flour-mills,  saw-mills,  etc. 

Oexesee  River,  a  deeply  interesting  and  romantic  stream 
rises  in  Potter  Co.,  Pa.,  on  the  great  table-land  of  Western 
Pennsylvania,  interlocking  with  some  of  the  head  sources  of 
the  Alleghany  and  wdst  branch  of  the  Susquehanna  R.ver;  it 
then  pursues  a  north  course  to  the  Now  York  State  line,  thence 
through  the  county  of  Allegany ;  then  by  many  short  turnin-s 
through  the  rich  and  fertile  valley  of  the  Genesee,  which  e^^ 
tends  through  Monroe  County,  where  it  falls  into  Lake  Ontario 
six  miles  below  the  city  of  Rochester.    Its  whole  course  is  about 
145  miles.    Near  its  mouth,  within  the  present  city  Umits  of 
Rochester,  are  two  or  three  important  falls,  known  as  the 
Genesee  Falls  ;  within  the  distance  of  three  miles  there  being 
an  estimated  descent  of  226  feet;  the  great  falls  at  Rochester 
are  96  feet,  at  Carthage  75,  an  intermediate  one  of  20,  and  the 
rest,  rapids  or  small  falls;  altogether  aflFording  an  immense 
amount  of  hydraulic  power,  which  is  used  to  a  great  extent, 
particularly  at  the  Upper  Falls,  in  propelling  flouring-mills, 
and  different  kinds  of  manufacturing  estabUshments.     From 
the  landing  at  Carthasre.  whioh  r»nnflfif«i^aa  o  «o^*  ^f  ai-_  .-^^ 
Of  Rochester,  there  is  a  steamboat  navigation  to  Charlotte,  or 
Port  Genesee,  a  distance  of  four  miles,  where  is  a  good  harbor 
communicating  with  Lake  Ontario.      From  the  head  of  the 


I  '1 


!• 


36 


LEWISTON    TO    OSWEGO    AND    OGDENSBURGi 


rapids  Jibove  Rochester  it  is  navigable  during  high  water  for  a 
considerable  distance,  passing  through  a  rich  and  interestin<> 
region  of  country,  celebrated  for  its  fertility.  This  stream  now 
uonsiitrutes  the  main  feeder  of  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  which 
runs  parallel  to  it  for  the  greater  part  of  its  length  through 
the  State.  There  are  also  important  falls  on  this  river,  both  in 
AJlegany  and  Livingston  counties,  where  are  to  be  found  some 
of  its  most  interesting  features.  In  the  town  of  Portage,  Alle- 
gany Co.,  '•  there  are  three  distinct  falls  on  the  river,  respec- 
tively 60,  90,  and  110  feet,  within  the  space  of  two  miles,  each 
differing  in  character,  and  each  having  peculiar  beauties. 
Although  the  cascades  are  highly  admirable,  they  are  almost 
disregarded  in  the  wonder  and  fear  caused  by  the  stupendous, 
perpendicular  walls  of  the  river,  rising  to  400  feet  in  height, 
and  extending  along  the  stream  for  three  miles,  with  almost  a& 
much  regularity  as  if  constructed  by  art.  To  this  great  depth 
the  river  has  worn  its  bed  in  the  solid  rock,  in  turns  as  short 
and  graceful  as  if  windhig  through  the  softest  meadow." 

After  leaving  Charlotte  for  Oswego  the  steamer  passes  Pult- 
neyviUe  (occasionally  stopping).  Great  Sodus  Bay  and  Little 
Sodus  Bay,  running  within  sight  of  the  south  shore ;  the  lake 
here  presenting  an  irregular  coast-line. 

Great  Sodus  Bay  is  a  fine  sheet  of  water,  affording  a 
secure  harbor  for  lake  craft,  being  from  one  to  three  miles 
wide  and  five  miles  long.  The  fishing  is  here  good,  as  well  as 
in  all  the  bays  along  the  south  shore  of  the  lake. 

Sonus  Point,  Wayne  Co.,  N.  Y.,  situated  at  the  entrance  of 
Great  Sodus  Bay,  is  a  port  of  entry,  with  a  good  harbor,  and 
contains  a  church,  a  public  house,  two  stores,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  about  300  inhabitants. 

Little  Sodus  Bay,  14  miles  east  of  Great  Sodus,  is  another 
important  body  of  water.  "  At  Little  Sodus,  in  high  winds, 
vessels  can  often  come  within  the  protection  of  Long  Point  on 
one  Bide,  and  the  protecting  shores  west,  between  it  and  Big 
Sodus,  and  ride  out  the  storm  in  the  indented  shore  of  the  lake, 
and  can,  when  the  improvements  to  Little  Sodus  harbor  are 


3re ;  the  lake 


LEWISrON    TO    OSWEGO    AND    OQDENSBUHOH.  37 

completed,  enter  the  bay  with  eaae,  and  take  refuge  theret 
Th     fact  gives  great  advantages  to  Little  Sodas  Bay.  as  it 
makes  it  accessible  at  all  times." 

The  City  of  Oswego.  36  miles  north  of  Syracuse  by  railroad 
.s  advantageously  situated  on  both  sides  of  Oswego  River,  at 
entrance  into  Lake  Ontario.    It  is  a  port  of  enlry,  was  Ir 
ered  in  1848,  being  divided  into  four  wards.    In  C  t  cI 
ained    C.OOO  inhabitants.  1,500  dwelling-houses,  two  PresC- 
tenan  two  Episcopal,  two  Baptist,  two  Methodist,  two  Roman 
Ca  h  be,  one  Universalist,  and  one  African  church,  besides  a 
Bethel  congregation;  a  court-house  and  jail,  a  custom-house, 
four  banking  houses,  two  savings'  banks;  a  gas  eompany,  a 
female  semmary,  and  orphan  asylum.    There  are  several  well- 

eaft  rid  tf ',h     '""S^Hr"  -^  *»«  H-i'ton  House  on  the 
east  side  of  the  river,  and  the  Niagara  House  on  the  west  side 
are  the  most  frequented  by  pleasure  travelers.    The  Pardee 
House  18  a  new  and  commodious  hotel  which  is  nearly  com 

Cmn"  °°  *"' """' "'°  °'  *'"  '''■"'' »'"'  ""=  ^'*t 

The  Oswego  and  Syracuse  Railroad,  86  miles  in  length,  con- 
nect this  place  with  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  YoA.  whl 
another  railroad  is  being  constructed  on  the  east  .,ldeof  th 
Oswego  River,  to  run  to  Syracuse  and  connect  with  the  Syra 
cuse  and  Bmghamton  Railroad,  thus  forming  another  Wt 
route  to  the  cities  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  and    he  cTa 
region  of  Pennsylvania.    The  Oswego  Canal  also  connects  with 

for  trade  and  commerce,  m  connection  with  the  lake  naviga- 
tion  and  water  privilege.  Here  are  now  in  operation  15  flour- 
ns.m.„s,  with  84  ™  of  stones,  m.aking  8.400  barrels  of  flour 

-000,,  OO  bushels.    These  huge  edifices  are  so  ar™„„„,,  ..  .. 

unload  and  load  vessels  with  great  dispatch  """  "°  " 

The  Ostoego  Starch  Factor;,,  owned  by  an  incorporated 

body,  was  erected  in  1848,  since  which  large  additions  have  been 


i 

i 
r 

1 

1 

i 

38  LEWISTON    TO    OSWEGO    AND    OGDENSBURQII. 


P'l'ill': 


;i    .1  . 


made.  Tho  entire  front  of  the  building  is  now  510  feet,  five 
Btories  high,  extending  back  over  the  river  250  feet ;  it  is  capa- 
ble of  manufacturing  twelve  millions  pounds  of  corn  starch  per 
year,  consuming  some  000,000  bushels  of  corn  for  the  purpose, 
and  giving  employment  to  JJOO  persons.  In  addition  to  the 
above  are  two  steam-engine  and  machine  works,  two  iron  and 
brass  foundries,  one  cotton-mill,  besides  several  other  mills  and 
factories. 

The  quantity  of  water  flowing  in  the  Oswego  River  at  ordin- 
ary high  water  is  700,000  cubic  feet  per  minute,  at  low  water 
200,000,  Pall  at  the  two  lower  dams  in  the  city,  86  feet, 
affording  altogether  an  immense  and  reliable  water-power. 

The  number  of  vessels  which  arrive  and  depart  annually 
from  this  port  is  very  large;  there  being  here  owned  eight 
steamers  and  propellers  and  about  ICO  schooners,  averaging 
'  7er  100  toi  s  burden,  besides  a  large  number  of  canal  boats. 
The  harbor  is  capacious  and  safe,  being  well  protected  by  two 
large  stone  piers,  constructed  by  the  United  States  government. 
On  the  end  of  the  west  pier  is  situated  a  light-house ;  about 
half  a  mile  above  are  two  bridges  extending  across  the  river, 
COO  feet  in  length.  An  extensive  forwarding  business  is  done 
at  this  place  by  means  of  lake,  river,  and  canal  navigation ; 
goods  passing  through  from  New  Yor'-  to  Oswego,  and  thence 
over  the  Collingwood  route,  or  through  the  Welland  Canal  to 
the  Upper  Lakes. 

Oswego  now  ranks  as  one  of  the  greatest  grain  markets  in 
the  world,  and  will  no  doubt  continue  to  increase  with  the 
growth  ami  production  of  the  Western  States  and  Canada 
The  lumber  trade  is  also  very  great,  immense  quantities  being 
shipped  from  Canada  to  this  port,  and  re-shipped  to  Eastern 
markets. 

The  impulse  imparted  to  the  commerce  of  Osvrego  by  the  late 
Reciprocity  Treaty,  which  went  into  force  October,  1854,  is 
very  great,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  foiiowing  returns  made  from 
official  figures : 


LEWISTON    TO    OSWEn.i     .v„ 

"»»Koo,AM)  .KiiJKxsriiiriOd.       39 

Value  of  Foreign  Import,,...  s^'smors        „.  "^■ 

,  <>,l<Si,h,8         0,870,920 

Here  it  will  beaten 'h '.  i.  '    '"''''"^      $m>l^S 
-ioubled  in  :;    tat  "ear  rl^,"  "'*  "^"^"^  "^"'^ 


m 


The  Ostcego  and  Syracuse  Railroad,  35  miles  in  lono-fK 

Un^n  T  Tn  ''"•'  °™^S0  daily  for  Saoto^a  Harbor 
^ngston,  Canada,  Ojrdenqhiiro.1,   «*^    •     x,  ""-ruor, 

^rrWal  of  the  cars  f^TT^  ' "''  *^'  "''''^^"^'  ^°  *^« 

tne  cars  from  Syracuse;  v  Mle  in  the  afternoon  a 


40 


LEWISTON    TO    OSWJ£Gi>    AND    OODENSBURGH. 


steamer  leaves  for  Rochester,  Lewiston,  etc.,  running  up  the 
lake.  Passengers  passing  through  Oswego  are  afforded  a  hasty 
glance  of  the  city,  the  harbor,  and  Fort  Ontario,  the  latter 
being  located  on  the  east  shore  of  the  river  at  its  entrance  into 
Lake  Ontario. 


DISTANCES  AND  FARE  BETWEEN  SYRACUSE  AND  NIAGARA 
FALLS,  via  OSWEGO  AND  LEWISTON. 


Stopping  Places.       Miles.  Fare. 

Syracuse 0 

Oswego 35  $1  00 

Pultneyville 75  — 

Charlotte,  or  Port 

Genesee 100  — 

Niagara,  C.W...  174  — 

Lewiston 182  — 

Niagara  Falls  . .  188  4  00 


Slopping  Places.       Miles.  Fare. 
Niagara  Falls.  .     0 

Lewiston 6  $0  50 

Niagara,  C.W... .  14  — 
Charlotte,  or  Port 

Genesee. .....  88  — 

Pultneyville .113  — 

Oswego 153  — 

Syracuse 188  4  00 


On  resuming  the  trip  from  Oswego  to  Sacket's  Harbor,  the 
steamer  runs  in  a  northerly  direction  off  Mexico  Bay,  being  a 
large  expanse  of  water  at  the  east  end  of  Lake  Ontario,  whei'e 
lies  Port  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Salmon  River.  On  this 
stream  is  situated  one  of  the  most  romantic  falls  in  the  country. 

Salmon  River  rises  in  Lewis  Co.,  and  flows  west  through 
Oswego  Co.  into  Lake  Ontario;  discharging  its  waters  into 
Mexico  Bay,  at  the  village  of  Port  Ontario.  This  is  a  fine  and 
durable  stream,  having  a  tolerably  good  harbor  at  its  mouth, 
and  is  beatable  during  high  water  to  the  Falls  in  Orwell,  a  dis- 
tance of  14  miles.  "  The  Falls  of  Salmon  River  may  be 
classed  among  the  principal  natural  curiosities  of  the  country. 
The  current  is  gentle  above  for  six  or  more  miles,  then  two 
miles  of  rapids,  and  at  the  falls  drops  almost  perpendicular 
107  feet.  At  high  water  the  sheet  is  250  feet  in  width,  but  at 
low  water  it  is  narrowed  down  to  about  half  that  extent.  The 
rooky  strata  seem  to  be  composed  of  slate  stone  and  granite,  or 
gneiss,  and  the  height  of  the  banks  immediately  above  the  fall 
is  variously  estimated  at  from  70  to  90  feet ;  below  it  is  said 


[)  NIAGARA 


LEWISTON   TO    OSWEGO   AND    OGDENSBURGH.         41 

that  Uie  waUs,  perpendicular  rock,  are  about  200  feet.  At  the 
foot  of  the  cataract  there  is  very  deep  water,  abounding  in  fine 
fish,  such  as  salmon,  trout,  etc." 

Great  Ston.v  I,x.an„  and  other  islands  are  passed  as  the 
steamer  approaches  Black  River  Bay,  which  afi^ords  the  most 
capaoous  and  safe  harbor  on  Lake  Ontario.  Here  enters  Black 
R.v«-,  an  important  stream,  which  rises  many  miles  to  the  east- 
ward  anterloctang  with  the  waters  of  the  Mohawk  and  other 
tributaries  of  the  Hudson  River. 

SACK.rt  Harbor,  45  miles  north  of  Oswego,  and  distant 
38  miles  from  Kingston,  Canada,  possesses  one  of  the  best  and 
most  secure  harbors  on  Lake  Ontario,  being  situated  on  Black 
Hmer  Bay,  ten  miles  below  Watertown,  with  which  place  it  is 
soon  to  be  connected  by  a  railroad.    It  was  an  important  naval 
and  mihta^  station  during  the  war  of  1812,  with  Great 
Britain ;  it  being  the  rendezvous  of  the  American  fleet  on  Lake 
Ontario.    Here  now  lies  a  large  war  vessel  under  cover,  which 
was  commenced  at  the  above  period.    Madison  Barrack,,  gar- 
n^ned  by  United  States  troops,  is  handsomely  situated  Lr 
the  steamboat  landing,  being  in  full  view  from  the  water. 
Ihis  place  IS  an  important  port  of  entry,  and  no  doubt  destined 

facihties  The  viUage  now  contains  fov  churches,  two  hotels, 
tw»ty  stores,  four  storehouses,  a  ship-yard  and  rope-walk,  three 
saw-mills,  two  furnaces,  an  iron  foundry  and  machine-shop. 

The  Sackc,  ,  Harbor  and  Eltisburgh  Railroad,  18  miles  in 
length,  connects  with  the  Watertown  and  Rome  Railroad 

fhi!.""''  ^"'?'.'°  """"^  ^""^  *°  <''"<"  °f  i**  ™te'-.  i8  the 
thu-d  m  magnitude  that  has  its  whole  course  in  the  State  of 

New  York  Its  whole  course  is  about  120  miles,  and  is 
navigable  from  the  High  Falls  in  Leyden.  where  it  has  a  fall 
of  63  feet,  to  the  Long  Falls  at  Carthage,  a  distance  of  40  miles  • 

thence,  hv  n.  flnn/.ao«;^„  ^* ...^        f  -  ..     .  "lues, 

•  -"■ ™xv«  ui  rapiua  ana  laiia,  it  continues  a  cir- 

cuitous  route  until  it  empties  into  Black  River  Bay,  near  the 

Z\l  """'r"-    '*  "  ^  '^^P'  «^"^«'«^  «*--'  ^-t  the 

navigation  is  much  obstructed  by  falls ;  aflFording,  however,  fine 


?M 


hi 


42 


LEWISTON    TO    OSWEGO    AND    OGDENSBUKGH. 


Hi 


1"' 


water-poWer.  The  land  on  the  borders  of  the  lower  part  of  the 
river  is  very  fertile  and  thickly  settled ;  JeiFerson  County— and 
the  vicinity  of  Watertown  in  particular,  where  is  a  good  water 
power — is  justly  celebrated  for  its  agricultural  products. 

Chaumont  Bay,  situated  north  of  Sacket's  Harbor  at  Black 
River  Bay,  is  a  large  body  of  water  abounding  in  fish  of  several 
kinds  and  fine  flavor ;  here  beir-^  extensive  fisheries,  where  are 
annually  taken  large  quantities  .•■     sh. 

The  trip  across  the  foot  of  Lake  OAtario  from  Sacket's  Harbor 
to  Kingston,  Can.,  38  miles,  is  a  very  interesting  excursion  during 
pleasant  weather.  Here  may  be  seen  beautiful  headlands  and 
several  picturesque  islands;  the  fox  and  Grenadier  islands 
are  passed  before  reaching  Grand  or  Wolfe  Island,  attached 
to  Canada.  This  latter  island,  situated  in  the  St.  Lawrence 
River,  at  the  foot  of  Lake  Ontario,  is  a  large  and  fertile  body 
of  land,  being  settled  by  Canadians. 

Cape  Vincent,  Jeflferson  Co.,  N.  Y.,  is  situated  at  the  head 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  where  terminates  the  Watertown 
and  Borne  Railroad,  and  is  a  port  of  entry.  It  contains  about 
1 ,100  inhabitants,  four  churches,  five  hotels  and  taverns,  ten 
stores,  and  an  extensive  storehouse  connected  with  the  railroad ; 
one  steam  grist-mill,  one  foundry  and  machine-shop,  one  steam 
planing-mill,  and  a  ship-yard.  Steamers  arrive  and  depart 
daily  for  diiferent  ports  on  Lake  Ontario  and  the  St.  Lawrence 
River.  A  steamer  also  leaves  Cape  Vincent  twice  daily  for 
Kingston,  Canada,  during  navigation ;  while  in  winter,  stages 
run  across  the  ice  to  Grand  or  Wolfe  Island,  and  thence  to 
Kingston,  distant  12  miles  by  direct  route.  Cape  Vincent  is 
a  healthy  and  pleasant  location,  being  much  resorted  to  in 
warm  weather  by  fishing  and  pleasure  parties,  being  contigu- 
ous to  the  *'  Thousand  Islands.*' 

Clayton,  or  French  Creek,  18  miles  below  Cape  Vincent, 
lies  opposite  Grindstone  Island,  attached  to  the  State  of  New  York. 
The  village  contains  three  churches,  two  public  houses,ten  stores,  • 
and  a  foundry  and  machine-shop.     Here  is  an  extensive  ship- 
yard for  the  construction  of  steamers  and  other  lake  craft. 


LEWISTON   TO    OSWEGO   AND    OGDENSBURGH.  43 

The  BWc  River  and  Utica  Railroad,  when  completed  will 
extend  to  Clayton,  a  distance  of  109  miles  from  Utic! 

Alexandhia  Bay,  12  miles  below  Clayton,  is  fayorablv 
^tuated  on  .he  southeast  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  inT'm 
med,a  0  v.cn.ty  of  the  greatest  cluster  of  the  Thousand  Islands. 
The  ullage  c„nta,„s  one  Presbyterian  church,  two  good  hotels 

I  w  miir::r"'"T "'  r"™"  ™""™' '"- «'°-- "  ^^^ 

on  th!st'         """"i''  "'"'  '"°"'  ''•'  inhabitants.    No  place 

of  ct!;  7"T  "  '"'^'''  *"  "°""y  '»'  "'  ^"l^brity 
of  cUmate  an,,  picturesque  water  scenery.    The  islands  here! 

atoos  innumerable,  are  annually  resorted  to  by  visitors  from 
almost  every  „„cl.on  of  the  country  for  health,  and  to  enjoy  the 
pleasure  of  fi.sl,i„g  and  hunting.  ^^ 

WeWs  Island  is  settled  by  some  20  or  30  famiUes,  and  is 
no  doubt,  destined  to  become  a  favorite  resort,  as  a  hoW  is  prol 
JO  ted,  to  be  located  near  the  foot  of  this  lovely  island 

MoR,„.row„,,  N.  r.,   11    „,iios   above  Ogdensburgh,  Ues 

sTeamers      Th      Z  "  ""'"''  "'■'^"'S-P'''<'«  ^or  the  American 
steamers.      1  he  village  contains  two  churches,  two  taverns 
three  stores,  and  about  850  inhabitants 

OGDE^sBunGH,  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.  Y.,  is  advanta<.eously 
^toW  a  the  mouth  of  the  Oswegatchie  Riverwhere  it  Tn^to 
mto  the  St.  Lawrence.  It  was  first  incorporated  as  a  village  in 
houl  ™"T'r'  """"*  ^'"*  '-^^Wtants.  1.000  dwelling. 
andToLToT.  ,  T"^"'-  P'^^'^y'""''''.  ^<^VUU.  Methodist. 
andEomanCathohc  chureh-and  a  0niversalist  congregation- 

custrr"'"""'-  "t"^'  '""^  •"""-• '-  -»--  offi-T^ 

custom-house  S.X  public  houses,  100  stores  of  different  kinds. 
The  Oswegatchie  River  here  furnishes  an  abundance  of  watj 
power,  where  are  situated  one  woolen  factory,  two  uouring-mms 

mills  and  two  furnaces,  a  ahm-vor.^  o„.i .• .,      ^     ^° 

Place  is  Situated  near  the  7;ot-.;fs^;;::;;ra«rr;heT 
Montreal.  120  miles,  ascending  through  the  St.  Lawrence  canals 


44 


LEWISTON    TO    OSWEGO    AND    OGDENSBUROH. 


Two  daily  lines  of  steamers  leave  Ogdensburgh  for  Cape  Vincent, 
Kingston,  Oswego  Toronto,  Lewiston,  etc.,  while  two  daily  lines 
leave  Ogdensburgh  or  Prescott  for  Montreal,  etc.    Two  steam 
ferry-boats  run  across  the  St.  Lawrence,  here  one  mile  and  a 
half  wide,  to  Prescott,  forming  a  close  connection  between  tho 
two  shores.    The  JVorthern  Railroad  extends  from  Ogdensburgh 
easterly  to  Rouse's  Point,  N.  Y.,  118  miles,  connecting  with 
steamers  and  railroads  extending  to  Boston  and  New  York.     A 
railroad  is  also  projected  to  extend  from  Ogdensburgh  and 
form  a  junction  with  the  Potsdam  and  Walertown  Railroad. 
Propellers  and  lake  craft  annually  deposit  an  immense  amount 
of  Western  produce,  to  be  carried  forward  by  railroads  to  East- 
ern markets.     As  a  stopping-place  for  pleasure  travelers,  Og- 
densburgh stands  unrivaled,  having  the  Thousand  Islands  above 
and  the  magnificent  Rapids  of  the  St.  Lawrence  below.    Passen- 
gers are  here  usually  transferred  from  the  floating  palaces  of 
Lake  Ontario  to  the  equally  safe  but  smaller  st-  ^mers  which  run 
the  Rapids  to  Montreal. 

The  A^orthern  Transportation  Com.  has  here  its  principal 
office  for  the  trans-shipment  of  produce  and  merchandise  going 
East  and  West.  This  company  owns  15  propellers,  of  about  3oO 
tons  burden,  running  from  Ogdensburgh  and  Oswego  to  CleveLand, 
Toledo,  Detroit,  Milwaukee,  Chicago,  etc.  This  lino  aflfords  a 
cheap  and  speedy  route  of  travel  for  travelers  and  emigrants. 

The  Oswegatchie  River,  which  empties  into  the  St.  Lawrence 
at  Ogdensburgh,  is  the  outlet  of  Black  Lake,  lying  in  the  county 
of  St.  Lawrence.  The  lake  and  river  are  navigable  for  about 
25  miles,  to  within  four  miles  of  Ogdensburgh.  At  the  mouth 
of  this  river,  now  a  part  of  the  village  of  Ogdensburgh,  an  early 
settlement  was  made  by  the  French,  and  fortifications  erected, 
all  of  which  have  gone  to  decay. 

The  Trip  from  Kingston  to  Ogdensburgh  and  Montreal  is  de- 
scribed  in  another  part  of  this  work,  following  the  Canadian 

route  from  TTamilfnn  nmi    Tn^nnf^  +r.   tr;».„„* —    t> x^    _^  i 

^ •■•-'  '■--'  -i-i-iiigoLUii,  X  lUBuuLi,  aim 

Montreal,     For  further  information,  see  advertisements  of  Lake 

Ontario  and  River  St.  Lawrence  Steamers. 


45 


TRIP  FRO^f  NIAGARA  AND  HAMILTON  TO  TOROxNTO 
AND  KINGSTON,  CANADA. 


scuLi,  anu 


American  and  Canadian  steamers  leave  Lewiston,  or 
Niagara,  C.  W.,  daily  for  Toronto,  40  miles  from  the  mouth  of 
Niagara  River,  connecting  with  railroad  cars  from  Buffalo  and 
Niagara  Falls,  running  on  both  sides  of  the  river. 

A  Canadian  steamer  also  leaves  Port  Dalhousie  daily  for 
Toronto,  connecting  at  St.  Catherine's  with  cars  on  the  Great 
Western  Railway,  altogether  affording  great  facilities  both  in 
summer  and  winter  to  resort  to  the  capital  of  Canada. 

On  leaving  the  mouth  of  Niagara  River,  the  steamer  pursues 
a  N.W.  course  direct  for  Toronto,  having,  on  a  clear  day,  land 
constantly  in  sight  from  the  deck  of  the  steamer.  Nothing  can 
exceed  the  pleasure  of  this  trip  during  pleasant  weaUier. 
Usually  may  be  seen  propellers  and  su..ing  vessels  on  their  way 
to  or  from  Port  Dalhousie,  the  mouth  of  the  Welland  Canal,  a 
magmficent  work,  of  which  the  Canadians  are  justly  proud. 

Port  Dalhousie,  12  miles  west  of  the  mouth  of  Niagara 
River,  and  distant  38  miles  from  Toronto,  is  a  small  village 
situated  at  the  terminus  of  the  Welland  Canal,  four  miles  below 
St.  Catherine's,  with  which  place  it  is  connected  hy  the  Port 
Dalhousie  and  Thorold  Railroad,  five  miles  in  length,  connect- 
ing  with  the  Great  Western  Railway. 

The  Welland  Canal,  28  miles  in  length,  connecting  Lake 
Lrie  with  Lake  Ontario,  and  overcoming  the  Falls  of  Niagara, 
IS  a  work  alike  beneficial  to  the  commercial  interests  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  the  former  paying  by  far  the  greatest 
amount  of  tolls.  The  number  of  locks  are  27,  being  150  feet  in 
i^-a-  anv^  ^u^-  fuut  wiae.  Xiie  total  rise  is  880  feet  The 
depth  of  water  is  8^  feet,  the  canal  being  45  feet  wide  at  bot- 
om  and  81  feet  at  the  surface.  The  feeder  branch,  from  June- 
tion  to  Dunnville,  is  21  miles  long.     The  Broad  Creek  branch 


46 


-NIAGARA    AND    HAMILTON    TO    KINGST<,K,    ETC. 


railroad  route    is  ^W^„,  ,  """''  '^'°'"  ""milton  by 

This  town  is  a  BlacL  °  "   "^'  '""™»'  "f  "'^'er-power. 

be..  s„rr:::;r.:r:ic:t::re::nrr' 

Hero  is  a  mineral  fountain  called  LT,.  °'"""''^- 

several  large  and  ^011.^^,^^:"  '^"''"  '"^° 
invalids  and  seekers  of  pleasur  4  T  ''"°'»"°<'»«°»  ot 
the  Spring,  and  the  Welland    r!' ,  '''°""'  "<"'^«>  "«»«• 

pleasure  trkveJs  '  ""  *'''  "'°''  ^^^l^ented  by 

taste  and  aoti^etual  to IV  l?    T'  ""''"^''  "  '^^'^  «' 
or  the  United  States      ft.  '^       "  °^"'  "''' '"  C™"'Ia 

to  invalids  a.  ifrCsentelbr  ?'"''™^^  *^  ''-^fi™' 

beneaeial  effectsi™  ::,rdltM  ^^ ^^^^■'»«'  *"»'' 

water^g-plaoe  during  the  s«  Jr rntts^-^ -^  S'" 

situated  on  the' anTl™         "™  ^"""^  '°  '"^  '^"'"-'•ouae: 

ita?e:uHa^nttur:r::rtmria:  '?'"''^"'=^'  P"^"-""''' 
ton  Bay,  at  the  extreme  west  end  0^.^'  '^'"^  »»  ^^-'-g- 
last  fire  „r  six  years  raridVvT  .      "'"'™'  ^""^  ^"'»i»  the 

But  a  few  ^^oTZTtrZ^^T'^'  ""  °""'''"- 
which  now  stands  the  crowdl^  P^«««J  »;™y  since  the  site  on 

its  elegant  residen  o    Hslltf  ,'  T  '*'  ''^'^'^  '<"«««'  »" 

factories  teeming  w^:;  rtXtttM!  ^"^  """^^  ""^ 
forest,  the  residence  „„^  !,„_.,__'''  ""'"'y-  "as  a  dense 

not  many  years  ag^  ^i^:^:^,^,:'.^  j^'    "  - 
-pon  their  bosom  magni«cenVsteam"J:^L''^;::? 


now 


N,    ETC. 

ike  Erie,  is  1 J 

!*e  cost  of  the 

currency,  or 

by  water,  11 
Hamilton  by 
e  line  of  the 
water-power. 
f  importance, 
of  country. 
JVell,"  also 
modation  of 
House,  near 
equented  by 

several  fine 
a  degree  of 
J  in  Canada 
ts  beneficial 
ienced  their 
a  popular 
"  Well"  is 
t  in  depth ; 
•ath-house, 

sition,  and 
n  Burling- 
within  the 
numbers. 
'e  site  on 
lifices  and 
aarts  and 
3  a  dense 
•    It  was 
ly,  which 
s'essels  of 


NIAGARA    AND    HAMILTON    TO    KINQSTOX,    ETC.  47 

every  grade,  bringing  to  our  port  the  treasures  of  other  lands 
and  convoying  to  Eastern  markets  the  products  of  the  West' 
were  calm  and  unruffled,  save  when  the  red  man  launched  his 
barque  upon  the  blue  expanse,  or  when  lashed  into  fury  by  the 
angry  tempest.  J    Jf      ^ 

HamiUon  was  first  laid  out  in  the  year  1813,  during  the  war 
.nth  the  Lnued  States,  but  for  many  years  it  progressed  but 
slowly  m  population  and  importance.     By  the  census  of  1841 
Jt  numbered  3,446  inhabitants.     During  the  succeeding  four 
years  the  population  nearly  doubled,  and  by  the  census  of  1851 
the  numbers  had  increased  to  10,248.     From  that  period  to  the 
present  tl^e  city  has  progressed  with  almost  unexampled  rapid- 
ity for  Canada.     The  commencement  and  completion  of  tha 
Great  ^Vestern  Jlailway  gave  an  impetus  to  all  kinds  of  busi- 
ness.     New  streets  were  opened,  and  handsome  edifices  spr-nir 
i.p  as  If  by  magic  in  all  parts  of  the  city,  as  well  as  the  more 
humble  edifices.    The  population  is  now  (1856)  estimated  at 
^o,U00,  the  wealth  having  increased  in  greater  proportion 

By  the  following  amounts  of  assessment  of  real  and  personal 
property  during  the  past  six  years,  it  will  be  seen  the  value 
has  more  than  trebled,  and  since  1852-three  years-nearlv 
doubled :  "^ 

Valuation  in  1850 £61  574 

1851....    94,259 
1852....  105,349 

The  city  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and  board  of  aldermen  and 
councilors,  together  with  a  police  department.  The  pubHc 
buildings  are  a  city  hall,  city  hospital,  post-office  bailding 
twenty  churches  of  different  denominations,  five  banks,  and  a 
mechanics'  institute.  A  new  cu.tom-honse  and  market  build- 
mg  are  about  being  erected,  botli  on  a  large  scale  and  in  a 
durable  style  of  architecture. 

The  principal  hotels  are  the  Anglo- American,  Kin^  StrP*»t 
and  City  Hotel,  James  Street. 

Steamers  of  a  large  class  run  from  Hamilton  to  Toronto, 
Kingston,  and  other  ports  on  both  sides  of  Lake  Ontario,  afford- 


Valuation  in  1853. .  .£134,358 
1854...  156,926 
1855...    190,479 


'  /    ' 


i  t 


48         NIAGARA    AND   HAMILTON   TO   niNGSTON,  ETC. 

ing  a  speedy  and  delightful  mode  of  conveyance,  not  only 
through  the  lakes,  but  down  the  St.  Lawrence  River  to  Prescott, 
Ogdensburgh,  and  Montreal.  For  description  of  railroad  route 
to  Detroit,  see  page  150. 

Wellingtoiv  Square,  seven  miles  below  Hamilton,  is  a 
place  of  some  importance,  it  being  the  outport  for  Hamilton 
during  the  winter  months,  when  the  lake  is  obstructed  by  ice. 

Bronte,  13  miles  below  Hamilton,  is  a  small  village  con- 
taining about  400  inhabitants.  Here  are  two  public  houses,  two 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  cloth  factory,  and  several  lumber 
yards. 

Oakville,  19  miles  from  Hamilton,  and  about  the  same  dis- 
tance from  Toronto,  is  a  place  of  considerable  business,  havino-  a 
good  harbor.  It  contains  about  1 ,000  inhabitants ;  four  churches, 
several  public  houses  and  stores ;  a  foundry,  and  other  manu- 
facturing establishments.  The  country  in  the  rear  is  healthy 
and  productive,  being  drained  by  several  fine  streams. 

Port  Credit,  12  miles  from  Toronto,  is  a  large  shipping 
port  for  produce  of  different  kinds.  It  is  situated  at  the  mouth 
of  River  Credit,  here  flowing  into  Lake  Ontario.  It  was  once  a 
favorite  resort  of  the  Indians,  receiving  its  name,  in  early 
times,  from  the  circumstance  of  the  fur  traders  here  meeting 
the  Indians,  and  delivering  to  them  on  credit  their  goods,  for 
which  the  following  year  they  received  their  value  in  furs. 


TOEONTO. 
The  City  of  xoronto,  and  capital  of  Canada,  is  favorably 
situated  on  Toronto  Bay,  in  43°  32'  N.  lat.,and  79°  20'  W. 
long,  from  Greenwich.  It  is  40  miles  N.E.  Hamilton,  IGO  W. 
from  Kingston,  333  from  Montreal,  and  413  from  Quebec  by 
railroad  route.  The  bay  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  about  4 
miles  long  and  2  miles  wide,  separated  from  the  main  body  of  Lake 
Ontario,  except  at  its  entrance,  by  a  long,  narrow  strln  of  sandv 
beach,  the  southwest  termination  of  which  is  known  as  Gibral- 
tar Point,  on  which  is  located  a  light-honse. 


,  ETC. 

Je,  not  only 
•  to  Prescott, 
lilroad  route 

oiilton,  is  a 
)r  Hamilton 
ited  by  ice. 
village  con- 
houses,  two 
sral  lumber 

le  same  dis- 
ss, having  a 
ir  churches, 
ther  manu- 
?  is  healthy 
as. 

ge  shipping 
b  the  mouth 
was  once  a 
e,  in  early 
jre  meeting 
r  goods,  for 
n  furs. 


i  favorably 
79^  20'  W. 
;on,  160  W. 
Qnebec  by 
er,  about  4 
odyof  Lake 
in  of  sandv 
L  as  Gibral- 


NIAGARA    AND    HAMILTON    TO    KINGSTON,  ETC.  49 

"  Toronto  signifies,  in  the  Indian  language,  a  place  of  meet- 
mg.    In  1793 ,  when  surveyed  by  the  elder  Bouchette.  under  the 
orders  of  Gov.  Simcoe,  two  Massasauga  families  were  the  only 
inhabitants  it  contained,  and  the  harbor  was  a  resort  for  numer- 
ous wild  fowl,  while  its  waters  produced  an  abund  nee  offish  » 
It  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1834,  when  it  contained  9,254 
inhabitants.    In  1842  it  had  increased  to  15,436 ;  in  1852  to 
30,763  ;  and  in  1866,  to  over  50,000.    It  is  laid  out  with  wide 
streets,  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.     The  esplanade 
fronting  the  bay  extends  for  a  distance  of  two  miles.        ,  >  city 
w  Ughted  with  gas,  and  is  well  supplied  with  pure  t.      .•  by 
companies  incorporated  for  those  purposes. 

The  principal  pubHc  buildings  are  the  Parliament  House,  the 
University  of  Toronto,  Trinity  College,  Upper  Canada  College, 
the  Lunatic  Asylum,  the  Custom  House,  the  Post  Office,  St 
James'  Church  (the  English  cathedral),  and  the  Roman  Cath- 
oho  Cathedral;  besides  which  there  are  a  great  number  of 
churches  of  diflferent  denominations.    The  Bank  of  Upper  Canada 
has  its  head  office  here,  and  there  are  other  banks  and  agencies  • 
also  several  Fire  and  Marine  Insurance  Companies.     This  is  the' 
principal  office  of  the  Canada  Land  Company,  which  has  nearly 
two  milUons  of  acres  of  land  for  sale,  situated  in  various  parts 
of  the  Province.     The  hotels  and  pubUc  houses  are  numerous 
and  well  kept,  making  this  city  a  desirable  sojourn.     Russell's 
Hotel,  the  Clarendon,  the  American,  Sword's  Hotel,  and  a  new 
hotel  on  King  Street,  are  the  principal  public  houses. 

Toronto  has  become  a  great  thoroughfare  by  means  of  steam- 
ers  and  railroads.  A  constant  intercourse  is  thus  kept  up  with 
the  different  ports  on  Lake  Ontario,  the  Upper  Lakes,  and  the 
St.  Lawrence  River.  Steamers  run  from  Toronto  to  Hamilton, 
St.  Catherine's,  Niagara,  and  Lewiston  on  the  west  and  south  • 
to  Rochester  and  Oswego  on  the  east ;  and  to  Cape  Vincent,' 
Kingston,  Prescott.  Montrftal.  otn    nr,  th^  7,««+i,^„„x 

The  07itario,  Simcoe  and  Huron  Railroad,  94  miles  in  length 
terminates  at  CoUingwood,  on  Georgian  Bay,  connecting  with 
the  waters  of  Lake  Huron.    The  Grand  Trunk  RaUway  ex- 


I 
50  NIAGARA    AND    HAMILTON    TO    KINGSTON,  ETC. 

tends  northeast  to  Montreal  and  Quebec,  while  its  western  ter- 
mination will  be  at  Port  Sarnia,  lying  at  the  foot  of  Lake  Hu- 
ron. The  Toronto  and  Hamilton  Railroad,  a  branch  of  the 
Great  Western  Railway  of  Canada,  also  terminates  here, 
aflfording  altogether  facilities  of  great  benefit  to  Toronto  and 
the  whole  of  Canada. 

The  markets  of  Toronto  are  abundantly  supplied  with  every 
description  of  provisions  of  the  best  quality,  and  at  moderate 
prices.  The  climate  is  healthy  and  delightful  during  the  sum- 
mer and  fall  months,  being  modified  by  lake  breezes. 

"  Trade  of  Toronto.— The  value  of  imports  into  Toronto 
last  yea-  n856)  amounted  to  £i;738,657,  showing  an  increase 
on  those  of  1855  of  £338,247.  £822,335  were  from  Great  Brit- 
ain, £14,797  from  B.  A.  Colonies,  £365,404  from  the  United 
States,  and  from  other  foreign  countries  £36,119.  The  duties 
collected  on  Chese  imports  were  £195,159,  showing  an  increase 
of  £42.584.  The  exports  during  1856  were  £551,333  (of  which 
£176,703  was  of  flour,  and  £202,792  of  wheat),  showing  an  in- 
crease of  £147,258.  ^ 

"  There  were  shipped  during  the  year  1855  to  American  ports 
601,524  bushels  of  wheat,  and  118,807  barrels  of  flour;  during 
1856,  1,132,781  bushels  wheat,  and  97,935  barrels  flour.  To 
Canada  ports  27,230  bushels  wheat,  and  32,370  barrels  flour 
in  1855 ;  and  92,561  bushels  wheat,  and  73,824  barrels  flour! 
in  1856. 

"  The  increase  in  the  shipments  of  wheat,  it  will  be  seen,  are 
equal  to  100  per  cent,  over  those  of  last  year,  while  the  increase 
in  flour,  although  not  large,  is  respectable.  Reducing  tlie  flour 
into  wheat,  at  the  rate  of  five  bushels  per  barrel,  we  have  the 
following  for  the  two  seasons  : 

Bushels.  Value 

1«5G 2,084,007        at   7s.        £729,402 

1855 1,384,639        at  10s.  692,319 

Increase 699,368  £37,083 

"  The  increase  in  value  is  not  so  "jreat  as  the  increase  in 
quantity,  owing  to  the  fact  that  grain  has  sold  at  25  per  cent, 
lower  in  1856  than  it  did  in  1865. 

"  The  returns  of  the  Custom  TTmiHA  HAf  rlnwn  fT^o  »rni„r.  r.f 
agricultural  produce  sent  to  the  United  States  at  £524,241, 
which  is  very  correct;  add.  however,  that  sent  to  Canada 
ports—say  £230,000— making  the  total  experts  upward  of 
£750,000."  1^  1^      v^  u 


I 

Gra 

stea 
0 
som< 
good 
twoi 
mam 
Bo 
from 
steam 
Poi 
Lake 
ston  b 
land  d 
sail  ve 
tains  J 
flouriu] 
shop,  t' 
lumber 
profital 
Railwa 
Port  Ho 
41  miles 
and  trac 
From 
road  rou 
through  I 
CoBou 
Ontario, : 
Itike  atta: 
miles  fron 
J'oute.    It 
steamers  a 
^or  the  R( 
their  way 


ETC. 

estern  ter- 
'  Lake  Hu- 
3ch  of  the 
ates  here, 
)ronto  and 

nth  every 

modefrate 

;  the  sum- 


0  Toronto 
n.  increase 
reat  Brit- 
he  United 
^he  duties 

1  increase 
(of  which 

ing  an  in- 

ican  ports 
r;  during 
Bour.  To 
rels  flour, 
rels  flour, 

!  seen,  are 

e  increase 

;  tlie  flour 

have  the 

lue. 

^,402 

2,319 

r,083 

crease  in 
per  cent. 

2524,241, 
I  Canada 
ward  of 


steamers  land  ontZ' ^111:: '"'''^'^''  '""^^S-  >"  which 
0»H.w.,  33  miles  bebl;,?"'°  *"  "°"'"=^'«''  ''«■ 

-el,  si.„a.a  a  ^ro^rrL^^tr  7"'  '  '"""■ 

steamboat  landing  ^«''/'«gto„  /f..w.  whore  is  a 

sail  vessefs  expltwe  C.'i;"'    /  t' """"  *»«"*-  -^a 
tains  a  oourtlle  J/Zrlt     1  "■"'™"     '""'  ^"'»g»  «™- 

««uHn«.miUs.a™C:t^T;„'*;r;r^^^^^  *"» 

shop,  two  tanneries,  two  brewer  e7  »n,l  I-'"''  "  """"'™- 
lumber  trade  carried  on  ^17^:  ?  """  '''»""°"«  Tie 
profitable.  Popnlaarn  TfiOft  T  ^.  r  •  "  '""^  "''"''"•'  »»" 
^«.V.,,,  which  rt";  ;^:«h  thet™  :r.^  T'  "™"* 
Port  Hope  to  Beaverton  aih.ft  T    7?'  '™'"^  ™"^  ''™'" 

«  miles  thus  II,  »f        ".''  ^""^  ^™'='"'' "  <"«'-»^  of 
and  trad;  '^       ^  "  ""'  '°""'"'  "^  Canada  to  emigration 

From  Port  Hope,  or  Cobourg,  ffoinir  toward  iri„    .     , 
road  route,  there  ii  t„  -,«  .         2     *  Kingston  by  rail- 

through  s  ;et,  fl  IlinT  '      "  '""'""  "'  '''""''''''  P»»ing 
t,    oorerai  ttourishing  towns,  and  near  the  Ba^  nf  n.,-  . 

CoBouHG,  handsomely  situated  on  th„  .t  ■  ^  "'*• 
Ontario,  nearly  opposite  th«H  .  ^  ™''"'  *'"'''  »*'  ^^^^ 
>».^e  attains  its  «  w  dTh  t  ,"0  mTT'"''  "''''  *"» 
mUes  from  Kingsln.  andl  8  Jeal:  mI?'""',  f""t'  "" 

■-'^tt;.     ic  possesses  a  good  harbor  r^A  ■  i.  '7  ~''  "  '""■"'^^ 

Steamers  and  sailin.  vessel  itl      ^^^  is  much  frequented  bj 

^or  the  Royal  MaH  sZt         ?l'°'  '^  '^'  ''«"^'^^  ^^^'^^"gs 

uoyai  Mail  Steamers,  which  pass  and  recast  cU\v. 
tlioir  way  up  and  down  the  lake.  ^     '        •^'^  '''' 


i*j 


ii 


n^ 


I' 


52        NIAGARA    AND    HAMILTON    TO    KINGSTON,    ETC. 

The  principal  public  buildings  in  Cobourg  are  the  court-house 
and  jail,  and  the  Victoria  College,  which  was  established  in 
1842,  by  Act  of  the  Provincial  Legislature,  with  power  to  grant 
degrees  in  the  arts  and  sciences;  there  are  also  a  number  of 
fine  church  edifices.  Here  are  the  most  extensive  cloth  manufac- 
tories in  the  Province ;  there  are  also  iron,  marble,  and  leather 
manufactories,  with  breweries  and  distilleries,  six  hotels  and 
taverns,  40  or  50  stores  of  different  kinds,  and  a  number  of 
mechanic  shops.  Population,  6,000.  Few  places  in  Canada 
present  a  more  beautiful  appearance  from  the  water  than 
Cobourg— the  landscape  being  extensive  and  varied  by  a  most 
delightful  background. 

The  Cobourg  and  Pe.terhoro'  Railroad,  28  miles  in  length, 
commences  at  this  place,  which,  together  with  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  tends  greatly  to  benefit  Cobourg  and  the  towns  lying 
on  the  rear,  in  the  vicinity  of  Rice  Lake. 

CoLBOKNK,  14  miles  below  Cobourg,  is  situated  on  the  line  of 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Here  is  a  good  landing  for  vessels 
and  a  flourishing  settlement. 

On  leaving  Cobourg  for  Kingston  on  the  downward  trip,  the 
steamer  usually  runs  out  into  the  broad  waters  of  Lake  Ontario, 
soon  attaining  their  greatest  width.  Often  during  the  prevalence 
of  storms  or  high  winds,  the  unacclimated  voyager  experiences 
sensations  any  thing  but  agreeable ;  sea-sickness  often  prostra- 
ting alike  the  athletic  male  and  the  delicate  female.  This 
however,  on  board  the  larger  class  steamers  is  no  serious  objec- 
tion to  journeying  across  Lake  Ontario,  it  being  considered  the 
most  safe  navigation  of  any  of  the  great  lakes. 

Mcholas  Point  and  Island  are  passed  about  40  miles  from 

Cobourg.    Next  comes  Wicked  Point,  and  soon  heaves  in  sight 

Point  Peter  and  Light.    This  light  is  a  conspicuous  object 

for  the  mariner,  who  often,  when  off  Prince  Edward,  the 

•  ,  ..J   :«^„^c  +i,a  f.iii  for'^e  of  easterly  and  westerly 

winds.  J    1 .    * 

Duck  Island,  attached  to  Canada  is  another  noted  object 

for  the  mariner,  cither  descending  or  ascending  Lake  Ontario. 


irt-house 
ished  in 
to  grant 
imber  of 
nanufac- 
4  leather 
)tels  and 
imber  of 
1  Canada 
ier  than 
ay  a  most 

n  length, 
nd  Trunk 
wns  lying 

be  line  of 
'or  vessels 

i  trip,  the 
e  Ontario, 
prevalence 
^periences 
n  prostra- 
ale.  This 
LOUS  objec- 
idered  the 

niles  from 
es  in  sight 
ous  object 
ward,  the 
1  westerly 

3ted  object 
se  Ontario, 


NIAGARA    AND    HAMILTON    TO    KINGSTON,    ETC.        53 

as  this  is  the  first  important  island  to  be  met  on  descending  from 

the  head  of  the  lake  on  the  Canada  side. 

Outer  Drake  and  Inner  Drake  are  two  small  islands  situated 
inland  toward  Prince  Edward's  Bay. 

Amherst  Island,  a  large  and  fertile  body  of  land,  is  next 
passed  on  the  left,  while  Gage  Island  and  Grand  or  Wolfe 
Island  may  be  seen  on  the  right;  these  latter  islands  being 
situated  at  the  foot  of  Lake  Ontario,  or  mouth  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence River,  where  commences  the  celebi  jd  "  Thousand 
Islands. ^^ 

The  City  of  Kingston,  capital  of  Frontenac  Co.,  Canada,  160 
miles  from  Toronto,  and  173  miles  from  Montreal  by  railroad 
route,  is  very  advantageously  situated  on  a  beautiful  harbor  at 
the  northeast  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  immediately  above 
its  outlet,  "  Cataraqui,"  or  St.  Lawrence  River,  in  N.  lat.  44° 
8',  W.  long.  76°  40'  from  Greenwich.    "  The  view  of  the  city 
and  surrounding  scenery  is  not  surpassed  by  the  approaches  to 
any  other  city  in  America.     A  few  miles  above  Kingston  the 
waters  of  Lake  Ontario  are  divided  by  the  first  of  the  long 
series  of  islands  so  well  known  to  Tourists  as  the  "  Thousand 
Islands,"  of  which  Simcoe  and  Grand  or  Wolfe  Islands,  opposite 
the  city,  may  be  looked  upon  as  strongholds,  designed  by  nature 
to  withstand  the  encroaches  of  the  waves  of  Ontario.    On  ap- 
proaching from  the  west,  by  water,  the  first  object  that  attracts 
the  traveler's  attention  is  Fort  Henri/,  with  the  naval  station 
of  Fort  Frederick  at  its  base,  and  its  attendant  battlements, 
fortifications,  towers,  and  redoubts.     Fort  Henry  is  a  favorite 
resort  for  visitors,  and  its  elevated  position  afi"ords  the  best  view 
that  can  be  had  of  the  city,  lake,  and  surrounding  country." 

The  principal  public  buildings  are  the  City  Hall,  one  of  the 
finest  and  most  substantial  edifices  in  Canada,  and  built  of  cut 
Hmestone  at  a  cost  of  $92,000.    It  contains  all  the  public 
— „....  ..f  ,„^  ^K.j,,  ,i^v.xiiu^iig  a  Bfjjicious  nail,  capable  of  seating 

over  1.000  persons;  the  court-house  is  a  large  stone  building" 
Which  is  about  being  removed,  and  another,  more  in  accordance 
With  the  wants  of  the  citizens,  is  to  be  erected  on  a  ground  more 


if 


54       NIAGARA    AND   HAMILTON   TO   KINGSTON,    ETC. 


central,  and  its  present  site  occupied  by  a  custom-house  and 
post-office.  Here  is  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral  and  several 
fine  church  edifices,  in  all  numbering  sixteen.  Queen's  College, 
under  the  direction  of  the  Presbyterians,  has  a  president  and 
four  professors ;  the  College  of  Regiopolis  (Roman  Catholic)  has 
also  a  president  and  four  professors;  the  General  Hospital, 
Hotel  Dieu,  and  a  nunnery  are  also  in  the  city,  while  two  miles 
west  is  situated  the  Provincial  Penitentiary.  It  has  four  bank- 
ing-houses and  several  insurance  offices ;  three  well-kept  hotels, 
and  about  100  stores  of  diflferent  kinds ;  besides  several  breweries, 
distilleries,  tanneries,  foundries,  machine-shops,  and  a  marine 
railway  and  ship-yard  for  the  building  of  lake  craft ;  on  JVavy 
Bay,  which  lies  between  Point  Frederick  and  Point  Henry,  is 
the  naval  dock-yard  used  for  government  purposes.  Near  the 
Penitentiary  is  a  mineral  spring  of  some  celebrity,  resembling 
in  its  component  parts  the  Cheltenham  spring  of  England ;  an- 
other spring  exists  which  is  unusually  strong,  resembling  in 
some  respects  the  **  Artesian  Well'*  of  St.  Catherine's.  It  has 
been  analyzed  by  Prof.  Williamson,  and  found  to  contain  valu- 
able medical  properties. — Population,  12,000. 

Kingston  occupies  the  site  of  Fort  Frontenac,  an  old  Fren^J;^ 
post,  this  being  one  of  a  chain  of  posts  extending  from  Quebec 
to  Mackinac.  Here  are  owned  20  steamers  and  about  40 
schooners,  sailing  to  and  from  the  port,  besides  numerous  other 
Canadian  and  American  steamers  and  sailing  vessels.  It  being 
the  outlet  for  the  productions  of  the  fertile  Bay  of  Quinte,  and 
the  Rideau  Canal,  terminating  at  Kingston,  makes  it  an  im- 
portant and  active  mart  of  c  mnerce. 


se  and 
several 
loUege, 
nt  and 
ic)  has 
)spital, 
)  milea 
■bank- 
hotels, 
weries, 
marine 
JVavy 
nry,  is 
ar  the 
nbling 
d;  an- 
ing  in 
It  has 
1  valu- 

Fren^^ 
Quebec 
mt  40 
3  other 
t  being 
be,  and 
m  im- 


:^i^<::^r:-.i: 


T 


55 


STEAMBOAT    ROUTE 

FEOM  KINGSTON  TO  BELLEVILLE  AND  PORT  TRENTON, 
PASSING  THROUGH  THE  BAY  OF  QUINTE. 


Landings.  Miles. 

Kingston 0 

Amher|t  Island 13 

Bath 5-18 

Fredericksburg 10-28 

Adolphustown 4-32 

Stone  Mills 8-35 

PiCTON 5-40 

Indian  Woods 15-65 

North  Port 8-63 

Belleville 12-75 


Port  Trenton 12-87 

Fare  from  Kingston  to  Pieton $1 

Belleville 1 


(( 


Landings.  Miles. 

Port  Trenton 0 

Belleville 12 

North  Port 12-24 

Indian  Woods 8->32 

PiCTON 15-47 

Stone  Mills 5-62 

Adolphustown 3-55 

Fredericksburg 4-59 

Bath 10-69 

Amherst  Island 5-74 

Kingston 13-87 

00 
50 


Several  steamers  leave  Kingston  daily  for  Pieton,  Belleville, 
Port  Trenton,  and  intermediate  ports,  during  the  season  of 
navigation,  connecting  at  Belleville  and  Port  Trenton  with  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and  line  of  stages  running  to  Rice  Lake, 
Peterboro',  etc. 

On  leaving  the  wharf  at  Kingston  the  steamers  run  in  a 
westerly  direction,  passing  the  Brothers,  to  Amherst  Island, 
13  miles.  This  is  a  large  and  fertile  island,  inhabited  by  an 
intelligent  and  prosperous  class  of  citizens.  Here  commences 
the  Bay  of  Quinte,  a  long,  crooked,  and  picturesque  body  of 
water,  into  which  empties  the  Napanee,  Moira,  and  Trent 


rivnra 


Bath,  18  miles  from  Kingston,  is  situated  on  the  main  shore, 
opposite  Amherst  Island.  It  contains  about  600  inhabitants, 
With  a  fine  back  country. 


J 


56 


KINGSTON    TO    BELLEVILLE,    ETC. 


Fredericksburg,  28  miles  from  Kingston,  is  a  settlement 
on  the  mainland. 

Adolphustowjv,  32  miles  from  Kingston,  is  situated  on  the 
mainland,  opposite  Makysburg,  located  on  Prince  Edward's 
Island. 

Stone  Mills,  35  miles  from  Kingston,  is  situated  on  Prince 
Edward's  Island,  near  a  most  remarkable  lake,  elevated  some 
300  feet  above  the  Bay  of  Quinte.  It  is  called  the  Lake  of  the 
Mountain^  being  half  a  mile  in  length,  and  nearly  as  wide.  It 
has  no  perceptible  inlet,  but  discharges  a  large  volume  of  water, 
which  is  used  in  propelling  several  mills  of  diflferent  kindS. 

PiCTON,  40  miles  from  Kingston,  and  35  miles  from  Belle- 
ville by  water,  is  the  capital  of  Prince  Edward  Co.,  C.  W.,  being 
handsomely  situated.  The  Bay  of  Quinte,  which  here  expands 
to  a  considerable  width,  is  called  Ilallowell  Bay.  The  village 
contains  about  2,000  inhabitants ;  a  court-house  and  jail,  one 
Episcopal,  one  Presbyterian,  one  Methodist,  and  one  Roman 
Catholic  church,  two  hotels,  and  several  taverns,  twelve  stores, 
one  steam  flouring-mill,  one  large  tannery,  and  an  extensive 
carriage  manufactory. 

On  leaving  Picton,  the  steamer  runs  north  to  the  landing 
called  Indian  Woods^  when  a  westerly  course  is  again  pursued 
to  the  head  of  the  bay,  passing  Morris,  or  HalVs  Island,  and 
several  beautiful  headlands.  Here  is  another  expansion  of 
water  called  Hairs  JBa.y,  on  Capt.  Owen's  (r.  n.)  Chart  of  Lake 
Ontario. 

Belleville,  Hastings  Co.,  C.  W.,  is  advantageously  situated 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Moira,  75  miles  by  steamboat  route, 
and  only  47  miles  by  railroad  from  Kingston.  This  is  a  very 
thriving  town,  now  containing  about  8,000  inhabitants;  the 
county  buildings,  a  town  hall  and  market  building ;  a  Method- 
ist seminary,  erected  in  1855 ;  one  Episcopal,  two  Presbyterian, 
two  Methodist,  and  one  Roman  Catholic  church ;  four  hotels,  and 
a  number  of  taverns;  50  stores  of  different  kinds,  and  most 
kinds  of  mechanic  workshops.  The  Moira  River  affords  a  good 
water-power,  here  being  situated  one  woolen  factory,  three 


mss^msmaim 


"•Mm 


KINGSTON    TO    BELLEVILLE,    ETC. 


57 


flouring-mills,  four  saw-mills,  one  paper-mill,  one  axe  factory,  • 
one  extensive  distillery,  three  foundries  and  machine-shops,  and 
a  ship-yard.  This  is  a  great  market  for  lumber,  grain,  and 
other  kinds  of  produce.  It  is  proposed  to  extend  a  railroad  from 
Belleville  to  Lake  Simcoe,  and  thence  to  the  Georgian  Bay  of 
Lake  Huron. 

Port  Trenton,  87  miles  from  Kingston  by  steamboat  route, 
and  59  miles  by  railroad,  is  another  growing  place  and  port  of 
entry,  situated  near  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  at  the  mouth 
of  Trent  River.  It  contains  about  1,200  inhabitants ;  one  Epis- 
copal and  one  Methodist  church ;  three  hotels,  ten  stores,  one 
grist-mill,  one  extensive  steam  saw-mill,  one  large  tannery,  two 
distilleries,  a  foundry,  machine-shop,  and  ship-yar  Js.  Steamers 
run  from  Port  Trenton  to  Kingstorr.,  Prescott,  Montreal,  etc., 
trans-shipping  a  large  amount  of  lumber  and  country  produce. 

The  River  Trent,  which  is  the  outlet  of  Pemedashcoutayong, 
or  jRice  Lake,  is  a  fine  stream  of  water,  and  is  in  part  navi- 
gable for  steamers  runniiQg  Into  the  lake.  Immense  quantities 
of  wild  rice  are  found  in  the  low  waters  of  this  lake  and  its  vi- 
cinity, which  abound  in  game  of  diJScerent  kinds,  aflfording 
ample  sport  and  profit  to  the  huntsman. 

The  principal  inlet  of  Rice  Lake  is  called  Otonihee  River, 
being  the  outlet  of  a  succession  of  lakes,  the  most  celebrated  of 
which  lies  823  feet  above  the  ocean,  and  is  called  Balsam  Lake ; 
the  other  bodies  of  water  are  called  Sturgeon  Lake,  West  Lake, 
and  East  Lake.  From  Balsam  Lake  to  the  Bay  of  Quinte 
'  there  is  a  succession  of  falls  of  588  feet  descent. 


58 


LIST  OF  STEAMERS. 


i^RIOAN  STEAMERS  BUitT  ON  LAKE  ONTARIO  AND  RIVER 
ST.  LAWRENCE  SINCE  THEIR  INTRODUCTION  IN  1816 


IS  ■fell"--  ;|-f  =t^'.KJzr„Trili. 

1  s«i  ■  ■  nu  ^     y,   •••.•••  ^^ •  •  Brownvile— broken  un 

1S81.. Charles  Carroll..  100    Saptpfa  Wo..h^»    u    i^' 

"       Paul  Prv        " •  •  -^J;"  •  ^*^'^®*  t  Harbor— broken  up. 

1  QQo    rr^w  J  y; ^•- Ogdensburgh— broken  un 

iQOfl    X"^.^/*' 400. .Oswego,  N.  Y  — brokpn  nn 

1 SS?  •  ■  tT^"-  •  k ^O*^  •  •  0«wego  N  Y  -bf okeS  uS* 

1  SI  -TlTOP^-u  •;,•••  200.. Dexter,  N.  Y.-laidup 

JJfq  iPV"  ^^''shall.. .  60.  .Lake  Erie-lost  in  1^' 

1839.. St  Lawrence....  450..  Oswego,  N.  Y.-bro^n  ud 

1843.  .Bay  State 1  098    cSon'  v  v-~f  ^^  »t<>o  *<>  Ogdensburgh. 

"   .  .Ontario  ]  S'  cKS'  N  I-J^^^JsJo^  fo  Ogdensburgh. 

1849.  .Northerner.. . .       905    OsweJo'  N  ?— ^r'"'''*  i°  Ogdensburgh. 

^^••^-^-^ •A'::8«S:fcl:er!o\%*Sg|a^^^^ 

RUNNIXG   ON   THE    ST.    LAWRENCE    RIVER. 

MontJe^"^.:::;;:::;:   8t--£S  &^-^^^«^gh  to  Montreal. 

BRITISH   STEAMERS   BUILT  ON  LAKE   ONTARIO  AND   THE 
RIVER  ST.  LAWRENCE  SINCE  1816. 

Biitlt.  Name  m 

1816..Frontenac(lBt).  ^'       •r-'^'"'? ''""A-  ^       Remarks. 

1817. . Charlotte  . :..   fSJ' ' '  -grngston,  0.  W.-broken  up. 

1819..Dalhousie        ::::; 850**'*PrSr 

1829. .Sir  JamesKempt  2mo""k  SnA 

S■■frS'or!?!":;^•••••  :  ■••|H^ 

1882. .John  By    .  inn  '  •  '^fescott. 

;;  ..wiiiia/the Founh:;:::  m.rJSZ.^^.^ .... 
i883:.Britannia::::;:: ISo'- K?n':,';'^r¥«^""''  • 

"   . .  Cobourg S  ■  •  •  •  J^^'^^toii-broken  up. 

« ..Kingsto^n(ist):::::::::::  toT:::gn'S-. 


(( 
(( 
(( 
(i 
(( 

1841. 

(( 

(( 
(( 

1842.' 

(( 
(( 
t( 
(( 

1843.", 


THE 


LIST    OF    STEAM EFIS,    ETC. 


59 


BiHIt. 

msa. 

1834. 

« 
ia35' 


^ro^l^vllle  ^'^'';. 

Oom.  Rarrie 275 

Enterprise ..'..'.'.  200 


■  Union 


800. 


1837. 


•  Traveller   "..!".  850 

. .  St.  George  4Q0 

.Sir  Robert  Peel . . . ." .' .' ." ." ."  850 .  .* 
..Gore 200 

iooo-§»^'«nvictoria. .:::::.':  200:: 

1838..  Experiment. 

1839 , 

1840 ! 


Wliere  l.nllt.        Rtm-iiks. 

.Brockville. 

•  Kingston— lost  in  1842. 

•  Kingston— broicen  up. 

.  Oak ville— changed  to  barque. 

•  Niagara- tow  boat 

•  Kingston    laid  up. 

•  Brockville-  burnt  in  18.38. 

•  Niagara-  runs  on  Lake  Huron. 

•  Niagara— wrecked. 


:«ZPS^r^..:. ; : : :  L'S: : : :  fef"-^^.^^."  "r 


.  Ontario* 

.Highlander  (1st).:.';;:::  soo: 

•  Albion 200 

America  (Ist) . ..;::; ; : : ;  sno. 


|50. . .  .Kingston— tow  "boat 


Prescott- name  changed. 
Coteau  du  Lac-broken  up. 
Brockville.  ^ 


•  Sovereign  ' 47.- " "  giagara-tow  boat 

.cityofWomo;;:;;;;:;  So  •••S;sr?/i>A^"»p 


1841 


1842 


1843. 


. .Prince  Edward..:;;;     '  2ii0 

.  •  Frontenac  (2d) "  20O " 

..Princess  Royal 500; 

•  Canada  i2d) 450 

. .  Despatch "  200 

•PHj^e^f  Wales... ;;;;;:  2oo;;;;Kingst;„i 

•  Chief  Justice  Robinson: ;  m''  -^^"" 

.  Welland  (1st) soo:: 

.Mohaw    (iron) 150 

•  Cherokee  (gov.  steamer)  700*" 
•Eclipse ;  400 


BRITISH    STEAMERS 


Niagara— tow  boat 

•  -Kingston- lost  in  1848. 
•Kingston— broken  up. 
.•Niagara— tow  boat. 

•  •Prescott— tow  boat. 
laid  up. 

-name  changed, 
runs  on  St.  Lawrence. 

•  JNiagara-Cobourg  to  Oswego. 
V. burnt  in  1856. 

•  Kingston— runs  on  Lake  Erie. 

•  Kingston -sent  to  Halifax, 

•  Niagara-changed  to  schooner. 


ST. 


nUNNlNG    OX 
LAWRENCE 


Xnme. 


LAKE    ONTARIO 
KIVER,  1856. 


AND    THE 


T. 


j:.«-les8 Smes"£^i, ....  ^^"0^-  TorZo  v''"" 

§hrpr.'!:;;;:::-^^^lK IT '"^• 

S"ar/,ow;r I^Myrrk;;;;:^^?     ::        ^-^-^n, 

TT^  1. 1  '"v*^^*^ D.  Sinclair , . .      soo 

Highlander  (2d)...    D  M'Bridfl oS  •m"-; 

Maple  Leaf.\ . . .      [j^;  Kerf      IS'  '^^''^P^^ Rochester.NY. 

Welland  (2d) :W.  Donaldson"'     ?? 

Ch.  Just  Robinson . .  Jacob  Youne  ' "  815    rnhm,..^,  S"*"*  Dalhousie. 

Arabian Sclatcr  '  ftin"  * w    ^^f^ Oswego,  N.  Y. 

Kingston  (2d) C? Hami'Uon: : '. "m' "^"?'"^° ^'^'pH 

Magnet  h.  Twohy. . 

Passport.     Harbottle... 

Bowmanville c  Perrv 

fe^«^,- A.  Sinclair: : . ; ;  ;4oo 

Provincial t.  Kidd ioo 


•  600 
.400 
.400 


Montreal. 


£W,l':?A?^:----F-B"Mlrie:;:ro? 

S"-  Helen .y.ZaChr^i—yZ 


Prescott. 

•ngston Port  Trenton. 

Belleville. 


1  i 


fiii> 


lti| 

m 


.Port  Trenton 


Cape  Vincent. 
•  MontreaL 


''^■^^i&tfSZiT^ij,ZS\iS!''  ''■  I'™^-^-"^  tteflrs. 


60 


LIST    OF    STEAMERS,   ETC. 


RUNNING   ON   THE    8T.    LAWRENCE    RIVER. 

Name.  Oommanderii.  Ton*.        From  To 

Banshoo T.  Howard 800..Klng8to« Montreal. 

Now  Era P.  O.  Chrysler..  .200  "  " 

Ottawa   J.  R.  Kelloy 270  "  " 

St.  La wrcnce T.  Maxwell. 200  '*  " 

Note.— The  Tonnage  of  Britisli  Steamers  is  rated  about  one 
third  less  than  by  the  American  measurement,  owing  to  de- 
ducting the  space  for  engine  and  machinery. 

The  Steamers  America  and  Canada,  two  large  vessels  of 
about  800  tons  each,  were  recently  built,  and  run  from  Hamil- 
ton to  Brockville,  in  connection  with  the  Great  Western  Rail- 
way of  Canada ;  but  after  the  completion  of  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  to  Toronto  they  were  found  unprofitable,  have  since  been 
condemned,  and  their  engines  taken  out  and  sold. 


CANADIAN  VESSELS. 
From  a  list  of  Canadian  steamers,  propellers,  and  schooners 
trading  on  the  Lakes  and  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  recently  com- 
piled, we  gather  the  following  facts  :  In  commission,  47  steam- 
ers, 17  propellers,  and  171  schooners;  the  tonnage  of  which 
(British  measurement)  amounts  to  about  42,000  tons  ;  the  esti- 
mated value  being  about  $3,500,000. 


I!illlt. 


B1>I*W- 


i 


LIST   OF    BTBAM^RS,  ETC. 


61 


real. 


30ut  one 
5  to  de- 

jssels  of 
L  Hamil- 
rn  Rail- 
a  Trunk 
ncc  been 


chooners 
Ltly  com- 
7  steam- 
)f  which 
the  esti- 


LIST  OF  BRITISH  STEAMERS  BUILT  AND  RUNNING  ON  THE 
ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVER,  BELOW  MONTREAL  SINCE  1810. 

liMllt         N,..,,.,.  Tone.  Where  built.    Rem.rki. 

14U  Sf"*"'" -.Montreal-brolron  up. 

s  n  S'iT -.Montreal-broken  up. 

s  5  ^^,i^^«f''"V'"T*'---  -•  Montreal-broken  up. 

'    •  r^i^i  *^'',^'"l^'"««'^«  •  •  •  -  •  Montreal-broken  up. 

„     Xl""'? -.Montreal-broken  up. 

i^iQ  vn ^^i*"'!?. -.Montreal-broken  up. 

IS  8. Now  Sw,  tsnre -.Montreal  -broken  up. 

m'^rS'l"""  ^'^^• -.Quebec-broken  up.'         , 

1821). Montreal  (l.st) -.Montreal-broken  up. 

,      C'ami.iy -.Montreal-broken  up. 

1R00  T  •  ^'^^';^'"co  (1st). .  -.Montreal-broken  up. 

]^iif  ^'V'^" -.Montreal-broken  up. 

1825.Hercule3     800. Montreal-broken  up. 

ifio«-w  1^"?  *  "®'""J' -.Montreal -broken  up. 

«.5q  •  n^"/.''r'"? ■••••• ^•^^^ •  ^'^  ^'•a'rle,  C.  E.-lo9t  in  the  ice. 

1829.Briti8h  Amonca. . .  .891  .Montreal-broken  un. 

<oQo  Ar*"'*"  ^^^^^"^"^ 800. Montreal-broken  up. 

18.32 .  Voyascur 800 .  Montreal-broken  up. 

. Cunac  a  . .  850. Montreal-broken  ixk 

'     •Canadian  Lagle ...  .250  Montreal-broken  up. 

,  "    •.^"^r'ot-, 100. Montreal-broken  up. 

18^3. Britannia 185. Montreal-broken  up 

ISJ  i'u''  ^"Hf  .•  •/•:••••  600 .  Montreal-burnt  in  1889. 
i^r -Sf'"'.'®'^  Victoria. .  .171  .Montreal-tow  boat. 

1887. Charlevoix 200. Montreal-broken  up. 

18.89. Lady  Co  borne 250 . Montreal-broken  up. 

iQ^A  •^'^'^  Sytlenham. . .  .^-.Lako  Ontario-broken  up. 

1840. Queen 872.Sorel,  C.  E.— laid  un 

J8f  1  •  .^ontreai  {2d) 878 . Montreal- wrecked  1S5.3. 

?^o  •  -i^nl*"^  America 181 .  Montreal-broken  up. 

1843 .  Alliance 192 .  Montreal— laid  up. 

.St.  Louis 190.Sorel,  C.  E.— laid  up 

iqU  •■?'*T?^A'.'''^'"'  (^ro")-183.Montreal-Champlain&  St.  Lawr'nce  Ferrv 

1845.  Lord  Elgin 158.  Lake  Ontario -Montreal  to  K  mraTnn      ^ 

:    -g^^^'^^C'f ), 400.Quebee-Montrfal  to  Qiebe?.    ^     "• 

ioL-??''^??'^  "'" 250. Quebec-tow  boat. 

1846.  John  Munn 400. Quebec-Montreal  to  Quebec. 

1854 .  Montreal  (8d) 800 .  Quebec -Burnt,"  June  27'  1857 

.  J.  M'Ker.zie 250 .  Quebec-Montreal  to  Quebec  * 

.Saguenay   ...   SOO.Sorel,  C.  E.-Quebec  to  Saguenay 

::   -iT-nT  """''' „;;-^-f«  Ontario-Quebec  to  sIgueSy. 

J'   •^"8.'^  ^^* 150. Montreal-Montreal  to  Longueil. 

I855.0ultivateur 60. Montreal-Montreal  to  Bertlier 

,Q.-,-Aa'|;ance -.Quebec-Quebec  to  River  du  Loup. 

1856.Napoleon 114. Montreal-Montreal  to  Quebec.    ^ 

.  Victoria 114. Montreal-Montreal  to  Quebec 


u. 


I  la 


62 


CANALS    OP    CANADA. 


CANALS  OF  CANADA,  SHOWING  THEIR  LENGTH, 

LOCKS,  ETC. 


NvMKK    vrc  L«ni;th 

IMAMhH,  KfC.  1,1   lulUH. 

Welland  Canal. 
Main  Trunk,  Port  Colborne  to 

Pt.  Dalhousie 28 

Dunnville  Feeder,  junction  to 

Dunnville  21 

Broad  Creek  Branch li 

St.  Lawrknce. 

The  Gallops 2 

Point  Iroquois 3 

Rapid  Plat 4 

Farren's  1  .int | 

CORNWALI, 11 J 

(Long  Saut  Rapids) 
Be/  uhahnois 11^ 

(Cascade,  Cedars,  etc.) 
La  Chine 8^ 


L<ic-k8. 


ill  leul. 


COHt. 


27      330 


1 
1 

2 
1 
2 
1 

4 

9 


5 


.  £1,031,497 


Total,  from  L.  Erie  to  Montreal    69 
Add  fall  not  requiring  locks  . 
Fall  from  Montreal  to  tide- 
water at  Three  Riv.,  C.  E. 


54 


8 
8  , 

8 
6 

iU 

4 

48 

82} 

45 

635  feet. 
17 

18 


^£1,052,601 


£305,331 
£481,736 


Grand  total 


565  feet. 


Note. — Lake  Huron  is  elevated  nine  feet  above  Lake  Erie, 

and  Lake  Superior  is  elevated  26  feet  above  Lake  Huron 

making  a  total  elevation  above  tide- water,  or  the  ocean,  of  600 
feet,  according  to  recent  surveys. 

Lensth  in      j     .        Lockage        '  „     . 
milPB.  Locki.     ,„  f^^^  Cost. 

Chambly  Canal ■. . . .     llj 

(River  Richelieu) 

St.  Ours  Lock,  do 

St.  Anne's  Lock. 

(Ottawa  River) 

RiDEAu  Canal. 

Kingston  to  Ottawa  City  . .  126       37      457      £965,000 
Ottawa  Canal  and  Locks  .  £117,647 


Lock!.    Y^^i^f^ 
in  feet. 

9        74 


1         8J 

37      457 


THf 

O^den 

largo 

Amorii 

situate 

B  tea  me 

Ganati 

landino 

unless  j 

The 

in  the 

commen 

river  foi 

Lawren* 

in  Cana 

York,  th 

dividing 

From 

Kiver,  it 

the  Britj 

This  is  tl 

land,  bei] 

menced. 

Cape  Vin 

Gage] 

On  its  son 

Kingston 

Tun  betw( 

or  Bateau 

On  Gai 

lumber  esl 

in  lumber, 


63 


TRIP  FIIOM  KIIfGSTON  TO  MONTREAL. 

»teamer.  usually  run  the  North  or  mtl^H,  """ 

Ganano,,ui,  20  miles  below  Kingston  ""    ''.*^'""'°f '  P'^'^S 

:rrrv"  ^'"^•' ''--  ^^^^^ 

TH^Tjo^f     r*  '■""^''*— f '"ennmerousisC  ' 

york,  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  S  te  e' 2  CanaZ 
dmding  them  into  about  equal  parts 

From  an  examination  of  Bayeeld's  chart  of  the  St  Lawren™ 
River,  ,t  appears  that  Wolfe  or  Grand  i,i..»„  'f /""'«■"»' 
the  British,  is  ,8  miles  Iong\nd  from  on    to  "'.      .''^'°- 
This  is  the  largest  island  of  fhe  gr„!p  anTcontl  .'"''• 

land,  being  inhabited  by  a  numbe'  of  Ume"  aI":!      "^ 

onir:::h:rrrxr?i!^^'^^'''-«--^ 

Kingston  from  Toronto  or  Oswe;     The  it       T  ''''""°''* 

.um:e"rMrsh::Lx:hr::;irr'  "'"^*^  »■-«» 

in  lumber,  destined  fo'r  .hw""  "^  '""^^^'^  ""^S 


64 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL. 


Howe  Island,  also  belonging  to  the  British,  is  eight  miles 
long,  and  from  one  to  two  miles  mde,  lying  near  the  Canada 
shore.  The  usual  steamboat  route,  on  ascending  and  descending 
the  river,  is  between  this  island  and  Wolfe  Island,  running 
through  the  Kingston  or  British  Chanut  I,  a  wide  expanse  of 
wator,  extending  from  near  Kingston  to  French  Cr6ek,  on  the 
American  side. 

The  American  Channel  runs  east  of  Wolfe  or  Grand  Island, 
between  that  and  Cape  Vincent,  where  extends  the  boundary- 
line  between  the  two  countries,  this  being  considered  the  main 
channel. 

Carleton  Island,  belonging  to  the  United  States,  is  situ- 
ated nearly  opposite  Cape  Vincent.  It  contains  al^out  1,200 
acres  of  excellent  land,  and  is  an  important  island,  as  it  com- 
mands the  American  Channel  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  has  two 
fine  coves  or  harbors  at  the  upper  end,  where  are  extensive 
lumber  stations.  Here  was  erected  a  fort  by  the  British  in 
17Y7,  and  it  became  their  principal  military  and  naval  depot 
for  Lake  Ontario  during  the  Revolutionary  War.  Some  years 
afterward,  the  shipping  and  public  stores  were  removed  to 
Kingston,  but  the  island  was  retained  and  occupied  by  British 
troops  until  1812,  when  the  guard  was  surprised  and  taken  by 
a  party  of  New  York  militia. 

Tlie  waters  of  the  St.  Lawrence  among  the  islands  here  vary 
at  different  season;^  from  three  to  four  feet  in  height,  exposing 
some  hundreds  of  i«lets  at  its  lowest  stage. 

The  fish  most  abundant  are  the  maskalonge,  pickerel,  black 
bass,  pike,  perch,  rock  has?,  cat-fish,  and  eels.  The  maskalonge, 
pickerel,  and  black  bass  are  taken  by  trolling ;  the  pike  are 
taken  in  nets,  and  the  perch,  rock  bass,  etc  ,  are  taken  by  hook 
and  line. 

On  the  islands  are  found  deer,  foxes,  raccoons,  rabbits,  squir- 
rels, muskrats,  and  minks ;  also  partridges,  quail,  and  wild  ducks 
in  abundance. 

Grindstone  Island,  five  and  a  half  miles  long,  belongs  to 
the  United  States.     This  is  a  large  island,  lying  in  the  mid- 


■'■■^''''^""ilJ^^'"-""-!-! 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTUKAL. 


65 


die  of  the  river,  a  short  distance  below  the  mouth  of  French 
Creek.  Here,  it  is  said,  the  noted  Bill  Johnson  has  his  favorite 
abode,  either  on  the  main  island,  or  the  small  island  in  its  im- 
mediate vicinity,  called  Johnson's  Island. 

Well's  Island,  another  large  and  important  island,  eight  or 
nine  miles  in  length,  is  attached  to  the  State  of  New  York;  it 
lies  mostly  above  the  village  of  Alexandria,  the  boundary  line 
running  on  its  west  side,  where  lies  a  beautiful  body  of  water 
called  the  "  Lake  of  the  Thousand  Islands^'  w^  ich  is  a  favor-' 
ite  resort  for  the  angler  and  sportsman. 

Th.o  Admiralty  Islands  are  a  group  lying  below  Howe 
Island,  and  belong  to  the  British.  Here  the  Canadian  Channel 
becomes  a  perfect  labyrinth  for  a  number  of  miles,  and  the 
navigation  would  be  very  dangerous  were  it  not  for  the  great 
depth  of  water  and  bold  shores  of  the  islets,  and  light  houses. 

The  Flekt  Group,  or  Navy  Islands,  commence  opposite 
Grindstone  Island,  on  the  Canadian  side  of  the  river,  and  ex- 
tends for  some  distance  below  to  opposite  Well's  Island.  Here 
the  boundary  line  runs  close  to  the  latter  island,  giving  most 
of  the  small  islands  to  the  British. 

The  Old  Friends  are  a  small  group  immediately  below 
Well's  Island,  belonging  to  the  United  States. 

The  Indian  Group  also  lie  on  the  American  side  of  the  chan- 
nel, a  few  miles  below  the  latter  islands. 

The  Amateur  Islands  lie  in  the  middle  of  the  river,  oppo- 
site Chippewa  Creek,  and  are,  in  part,  attached  to  the  State  of 
New  York,  and  a  part  belong  to  Canada,  the  boundary  line 
running  between  them. 

Immediately  below  the  latter  islands  the  river  contracts  to 
one  or  two  miles  in  width,  and  the  Thousand  Islands,  of  which 
there  are  at  least  fourteen  hunl-ed,  may  be  said  to  terminate, 
although  a  large  collection  of  islands  called  Brock's  Group, 
lying  mostly  on  the  Canada  side,  are  passed  a  short  distance 
below  the  village  of  Brockville,  where  the  St.  Lawrence  River 
is  about  one  mile  wide,  which  width  it  averages  for  30  or  40 
miles,  until  you  approach  the  rapids  below  Ogdensburgh,  when 


I !!  I  i 


66 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL. 


tl'' 


i  I'll 


it  narrows  to  about  half  a  mile  in  width,  with  banks  elevated 
but  a  few  feet  above  the  water. 

"  The  main  stream  of  the  St.  Lawrence,"  says  Buckingham, 
speaking  of  the  Thousand  Islands,  "  is  so  thickly  studded  with 
islands  that  it  is  like  |)assing  through  a  vast  archipelago,  rather 
than  navigating  a  mighty  river.  They  are  for  the  most  part 
rocky  islets,  sometimes  rising  in  abrupt  cliflfs  from  the  water, 
and  so  bold  and  steep  that  you  may  run  the  boat  near  enough 
to  touch  the  cliffs  from  the  vessel.  A  few  only  are  low  and  flat, 
but  being  nearly  all  wooded,  they  form  a  perpetual  siiccession 
of  the  most  romantically  beautiful  and  picturesque  groups  that 
can  be  conceived." 

Among  the  Thousand  Islands  are  usually  found  immonso 
quantities  of  water-fowl  and  other  kinds  of  wild  game,  which, 
during  the  spring  and  summer  months,  afford  great  pleasure  to 
the  sportsman.  The  fishing  is  also  excellent  for  the  most  part 
of  the  year.  During  the  months  of  July  and  August,  pleasure 
parties  from  the  surrounding  country,  and  strangers  from  a 
distance,  resort  here  for  their  amusement,  enjoying  themselves 
to  their  heart's  content  by  hunting,  fishing,  and  bathing,  being 
surrounded  by  wild  and  interesting  scenery  and  invigorating 
air,  not  exceeded  by  any  section  of  tlie  United  States  or  Canada. 

The  St.  Lawrence  River,  in  fact  for  its  entire  length  of  sev- 
eral hundred  miles  piesents  a  magnificent  appearance,  well 
worthy  the  attention  oi  the  tourist.  The  Rapids,  now  success- 
fully navigated  on  their  downward  trip  by  steamboats  of  a  large 
class,  returning  through  the  canals,  afford  a  deeply  interesting 
excursion.  The  cultivated  fields  and  settlements  interchanging 
with  bolder  features,  impart  a  grandeur  as  we'll  as  variety  and 
beauty  to  the  river  and  its  shores  which  no  other  stream  on 
the  continent  possesses  in  an  equal  degree. 

BnocKviLLE,  60  miles  below  Kingston  and  125  miles  above 
Montreal  bv  railroad  route,  is  a  beautiful  and  flouriahino-  tnwn 
of  about  5,000  inhabitants ;  it  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  a 
custom-house,  several  churches,  two  good  hotels,  and  many  fine 
buildings,  besides  several  extensive  manufacturing  establish- 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL. 


67 


ments.  Here  is  a  conveiiient  steamboat  landing,  where  the 
American  and  British  passage-boats  usually  land  on  their  trips 
up  and  down  the  river,  the  stream  here  being  about  two  miles 
in  width. 

The  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  wh  ch  runs  through  the  town, 
has  added  much  to  the  growth  ano'  trade  of  this  place.  The 
Brockville  and  Ottawa  Railroad,  which  is  in  the  course  of  con- 
struction, when  finished,  will  further  add  to  its  prosperity,  the 
country  in  the  rear  being  very  fertile  and  heavily  timbered, 
producing  large  quantities  of  grain  and  lumber! 

Maitland  is  a  small  village,  five  miles  below  Brockville,  on 
the  same  side.  It  contains  a  church,  a  public  house,  and  some 
300  inhabitants. 

The  town  of  Prescott,  C.  W.,  is  situated  on  the  north  bank 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  directly  opposite  Ogdensburgh,  being  GO 
miles  below  Kingston  and  1 13  miles  above  Montreal  by  railroad 
route.  This  point  may  be  considered  as  the  foot  of  lake  and 
river  navigation  for  sail  vessels,  as  the  Gallop  Rapids  occur  about 
six  miles  below,  where  commences  the  first  of  the  series  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  canals,  terminating  with  the  La  Chine  Canal,  which 
enters  Montreal.  Prescott  is  a  port  of  entry  and  contains  a 
custom-house,  a  town-hall,  four  churches,  six  public  houses,  20 
or  30  stores,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  together  with  several 
breweries  and  distilleries,  and  three  extensive  laundries.  This 
is  also  a  great  depot  for  lumber  and  country  produce. 

British  and  American  steamers  usually  land  at  Prescott  several 
times  daily  on  their  route  up  and  down  the  St.  Lawrence.  Two 
steam  ferry-boats  are  also  constantly  running  between  this  place 
and  Ogdensburgh.  The  Grand  Trunk  Railway  i>assos  through 
the  town,  and  the  Ottawa  and  Prescott  Railroad,  58  miles  in 
length,  terminates  here,  affording  a  speedy  and  direct  route  to 
Ottawa  City  and  the  lumber  region  above. 

No  Hftetion  of  Canada  has  fairer  prospects  of  advaneement 
than  Brockville  and  Prescott,  if  the  advantages  are  embraced 
of  forming  lines  of  railroads  to  the  upper  Ottawa  country,  lying 
as  they  do  nearer  to  that  heavily  timbered  region  than  Montreal. 


5 


68 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL. 


Fort  Wellington,  adjoining  the  lower  part  of  the  town,  is  a 
strong  fortification  usually  garrisoned  by  more  or  less  British 
troops.  Windmill  Point,  one  mile  and  a  half  below  the  fort, 
was  the  scene  of  an  unfortunate  attack  by  the  patriots  of  1838, 
who,  after  eflfecting  a  landing  and  maintaining  their  position  with 
great  determination  for  several  days,  were  taken  prisoners,  many 
of  whom  were  afterward  executed  at  Kingston,  and  others  tran- 
sported to  Van  Dieman's  Land. 


^r.'BTgjr,i!:iy..^_.7t_,,--  .^  ^r 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL. 


69 


r 


RAPIDS  OF  THE  ST.  LAWRENCE. 

On-  resuming  the  downward  trip,  after  leaving  Prescott  or 
Ogdensburgh,  the  most  interesting  objects  are  presented  to  view 
from  the  deck  of  the  steamer.  The  depot  buildings  of  the  North- 
ern Railroad  of  New  York,  on  the  one  side,  and  Windmill  Point 
on  the  Canada  side,  are  quickly  passed  and  the  Rapids  soon 
reached. 

Chimney  Island,  four  miles  below  Prescott,  is  an  interest- 
ing spot,  where  may  be  seen  the  remains  of  a  fortification, 
erected  by  the  French  during  the  early  settlement  of  Canada. 

The  Gallop  Rapids,  six  miles  below  Prescott  or  Ogdensburgh, 
are  easily  passed  by  steamboats,  although  they  prevent  the 
navigation  of  the  St.  Lawrence  by  sail  vessels.  They  extend 
for  about  two  miles,  around  which  is  a  ship  canal  on  the  Canada 
side  of  the  river,  overcoming  a  descent  of  seven  feet. 

Matilda,  eight  miles  farther,  is  a  convenient  steamboat 
landing  on  the  Canada  side  of  the  river,  where  is  a  canal  one 
mile  and  three-quarters  in  length. 

Waddington,  on  the  American  shore,  18  miles  below  Og- 
densburgh, lies  opposite  Ogden's  Island,  which  is  passed  to  the 
right,  descending  through  the  main  channel,  forming  the  bound- 
ary line.  Here  commences  Rapid  Plat,  and  extends  about  two 
and  a  half  miles.  Another  canal  of  the  same  length  is  built 
on  the  Canada  shore,  to  overcome  the  descent  in  the  river  of 
eleven  and  a  half  feet. 

Williamsburg,  seven  miles  below  Matilda,  is  a  regular 
steamboat  landing,  where  passage-boats  usually  touch  ascend- 
ing and  descending  the  river.    Here  is  another  short  canal. 

Chrysler's  Farm,  a  few  miles  below  Williamsburg,  is  the 
place  where  was  fought  a  battle  in  the  war  of  1812,  between 
the  English  and  Americans,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated, 
with  considerable  loss  in  killed  and  wounded. 
'  Louisville  Landing,  28  miles  below  Ogdensburgh,  is  where 
passengers  leave  for  Massena  Springs,  six  miles  distant  by 
stage.   This  is  a  great  resort  for  invalids  during  warm  weather. 


I 


I  r 


70 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL. 


The  Long  Saut  Rapids,  extending  from  Dickinson's  Land- 
ing, 40  miles  below  Prescott,  to  Cornwall  on  the  Canada  side, 
is  one  of  the  longest  and  most  important  rapids  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence. They  are  divided  by  islands  into  two  channels,  the 
American  Channel  find  the  Lost  Channel.*  Formerly,  the 
American,  or  East  Channel,  was  mostly  run  by  steamers  in  the 
downward  trip,  but  of  late  the  Lost  Channel,  on  the  Canadian 
side,  is  mostly  used.  This  channel  presents  a  grand  and  ter- 
rific appearance,  the  vrater  being  lashed  into  a  white  foam  for 
several  miles,  yet  still  the  steamer  glides  rapidly  through  them 
into  the  quiet  and  beautiful  expanse  of  water  below  Cornwall. 

The  CoRxwALL  Canal  commences  72  miles  above  Montreal, 
on  about  the  45th  degree  of  north  latitude,  the  dividing  line  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Canada.  It  extends  to  Dickinson's 
Landing,  11 1  miles,  overcoming  48  feet  descent  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence. Barnhart  Island  and  Long  Saut  Island,  two  large  and 
cultivated  bodies  of  land,  belong  to  the  State  of  New  York, 
while  Cornwall  Island  and  Sheek's  Island  belong  to  Canada, 
dividing  the  waters  of  the  St.  Lawrence  into  two  channels,  for 
most  of  the  distance  through  the  rapids. 

Cornwall,  112  miles  from  Kingston  and  70  miles  above 
Montreal,  is  situated  on  the  northwest  side  of  the  river,  at  the 


♦  Passaoe  of  the  Long  Saut  Rapid.— Those  who  have  traveled  on  the 
bt.  Lawrence  are  aware  that  between  Dickinson's  Landing  and  CornwalJ, 
a  distance  of  from  twelve  to  fourteen  miles,  there  is  a  long  rapid  called  the 
JAmy  Saut  This  rapid  is  divided  into  two  channels  by  an  island  in  the 
center,  the  channel  on  tlie  south  side  being  the  one  which  has  heretofore 
been  descended  by  steamers  and  other  large  craft  passing  down  the  river. 
Capt.  Maxwell,  the  enterprising  commander  of  the  mail  steamer  "  Gilder- 
sleeve,  having  some  time  ago  become  impmssed  with  an  idea  that  the 
channel  oa  the  north  side  of  the  i.sland  was  not  only  practicable  for  vessels 
of  a  large  class,  but  that  it  was  niucli  safer  and  easier  of  descent  than  the 
channel  on  the  south  side,  made,  with  much  trouble,  soundings  and  obser- 
vations, for  the  purpose  of  ns><Ttuining  whether  such  was  reully  the  case. 

Haying  well  satisfied  himself  in  the  matter,  he  (with  Mr.  Hamilton's 
permission)  made  a  descent  down  tlie  North  Channel,  Hometimos  called 
JjMt  Uianne,  in  the  mail  sir'ainer  "  Glldersleeve."  The  passage  was 
magnifi.'ont,  the  grandeur  . -.11(1  beauty  of  the  Rapid  far  Burpassing  even 
those  of  the  Rapids  at  tlie  0  dars,  the  Cascades,  or  La  Chma.  Owing  to 
the  Kreai  fapidity  of  tiie  eiuT-iit,  the  water  is  mueh  rouijher  than  on  the 
south  side  ot  the  islau-!,  hut  the  cliaiinel  is  straigliter,  and  in  every  respect 
better  than  tlie  one  her  'olor-  adopted,  an<l  iliere  h  Utile  doubt  that  ere 
long  the  North  Channel  will  !>,>  the  one  which  t!ie  main  traffic  of  the  river 
will  pas,i  thr.m  .U.-.h',)iiti\,i/  Ilcithl. 


KINGSTON    TO   MONTREAL. 


n 


lower  end  of  the  Cornwall,  or  St.  Lawrence  Canal  The 
^  town  contains  about  2,500  inhabitanta,  40^  dwelling-houso^  a 
court-house  and  jail,  five  churches,  twenty  stores,  and  several 
hotels.  This  is  a  regular  steambouL  landing  for  American  and 
British  steamers.  The  Grand  Trunk  Railway  also  passes 
through  the  rear  part  of  the  town. 

^  St.  Regis,  four  miles  below,  on  the  American  side  of  the 
river,  is  situated  on  the  line  of  the  45th  degree  of  north  lati- 
tude, the  St.  Lawrence  below  this  point  being  entirely  in 
Canada.  St.  Regis  is  an  luaian  village,  part  of  its  inhabitants 
living  in  the  United  States  and  part  in  Canada.  It  contains 
four  or  five  hundred  inhabitants,  80  dwelling-houses,  one  Roman 
Catholic  church,  one  rotestant  chureb,  one  tavern,  and  two 
stores.  Here  is  a  convenient  steamboat  landing,  where  during 
warm  weather  may  sometimes  be  seen  Indian  boys,  prepared  to 
plunge  into  the  water  on  having  a  piece  of  money  thrown  over- 
board: often  it  is  caught  by  these  expert  swimmers  before 
reaching  the  bottom. 

Lake  St.  Francis,  a  most  beautiful  expanse  of  water,  is  an 
expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence  above  Coteau  du  Lao,  extending 
for  a  number  of  miles.  It  is  studded  with  lov  )ly  and  pictur- 
esque islands,  giving  a  variety  to  the  scenery  of  this  river  which 
is  almost  indescribable.  The  Indian  village  of  St.  Regis,  and 
an  island  owned  by  the  natives,  lie  near  its  upper  termina- 
tion. 

Lancaster,  15  miles  below  Cornwall,  lies  on  the  west  side 
of  the  lake,  or  river,  here  presenting  a  wide  surface,  the  waters 
calmly  pursuing  their  course  downward  before  rushing  impetu- 
ously down  the  several  rapids  below  Coteau  du  Lac,  or  the  foot 
of  the  lake. 

At  Coteau  du  Lac,  40  miles  above  Montreal,  commences  a 
rapid  of  the  same  name,  extending  about  two  miles.  Seven 
miivij  -j^vio^r  vixio  vOxiiiiiciiiJua  x^iiKz  i^cuar  napiUi  WHICH  extends 
about  three  miles.  (See  Frontispiece.)  Then  comeB  Split  Rock 
and  Cascade  terminating  at  the  head  of  Lake  St.  Louis,  whore 
the  dark  waters  of  the  Ottawa,  by  one  of  its  mouths,  joins  the 


n 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL. 


I 

St.  Lawrence.    These  four  rapids,  in  eleven  miles,  have  a  de- 
scent of  82J  feet,  being  overcome  by  the  Beauharnois  Canal. 

The  grandeur  of  the  scenery  in  the  vicinity  of  these  Rapids 
can  not  be  conceived  without  being  witnessed.  The  mighty  St. 
Lawrence  is  here  seen  in  all  its  magnificence  and  power,  being 
lashed  into  a  foam  for  miles  by  the  impetuosity  of  its  current. 
The  Cedar  Rapids*  have  hitherto  been  considered  the  most 
formidable  obstruction  to  downward-bound  craft,  but  the  new 
South  Channel,  or  McPherson's  Channel,  as  it  is  now  called, 
affords  an  additional  depth  of  watei.  The  steamer  Bytown, 
Capt.  Wra.  Sughrue,  in  1843,  was  the  first  steamboat  that  de- 
scended this  channel,  which  was  brought  into  notice  by  D.  S. 
McPherson,  Esq.,  one  of  the  late  firm  of  the  forwarding-house 
of  McPherson,  Crane  &  Co. 

Beauharnois,  24  miles  above  Montreal,  lies  at  the  foot  of 
the  Cascade  Rapids,  where  commences -the  Beauharnois  Canals 
12  miles  in  length,  overcoming  altogether  a  descent  of  82^  feet. 
Between  Fond  du  Lac  and  Beauharnois,  or  the  foot  of  the  Cas- 
cade Rapids,  is  the  most  wild  and  romantic  scenery  that  the  St. 
Lawrence  presents. 

Caughnawaga,  ten  miles  above  Montreal,  is  an  Indian  vil- 
lage, numbering  several  hundred  inhabitants.  Here  commences 
the  Montreal  and  Plattshiirgh  Railroad,  52  miles  ir  length.  It 
is  proposed  to  construct  a  ship  canal  from  this  place  to  the  Riche- 
lieu River,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain,  thus  uniting  the  waters 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Hudson  River,  via  Champlain  Canal. 

La  Chine,  eight  miles  above  ^lontreal,  is  situated  at  the  foot 
of  an  expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  called  Lake  St.  Louis, 
where  enter  the  black  waters  of  the  Ottawa  River,  the  St. 
Lawrence  presenting  a  greenish  hue,  the  difference  in  the  color 
of  the  waters  being  plainly  visible  for  many  miles  below. 

The  La  Chine  Rapids,  a  few  miles  above  Montreal,  are  the 
last  rapids  of  importance  that  occur  on  the  St.  Lawrence.   Thoy 

♦  It  was  here  that  Gen.  Amherat'a  brigade  of  800  men,  on  their  way  to 
attack  Canada,  then  in  possession  of  the  French,  were  lost !  At  Montreal 
they  received  the  first  intelligeii  >  of  the  invasion,  by  the  dead  bodies 
floating  down  the  river  past  the  town. 


■MkMta 


I  il>  iW 


i 


> 
O 

a 
I 


CO 


a 
Q 

M 
< 

o 

O 


KINGSTON    TO    MONTREAL.  1^3 

t^on.     These  rapids  are  obviated  by  the  La  Chine  Canal  l^ 

C  larrr""^^^^  ^  '^^^^"  ^^  ^^^  ^ee  J' ca:ro'/ 

of  a  Zr^  7  '''"  ''"^^  ""  '^'  "^P^^^'  «^^Wing  steamers 
ot  a  large  size  to  ascend -the  river  althoimh  „f  1    , 

speed  than  the  downwar<l  trip.  ^    "'  "  "^^^^  ^^^^ 

posSnf  so^g'rlaTrylH^^^^^^^  '^'  °"^^,  ^^^^^  '«  *he  world 
«hort  distanee?>f  one  hundred  andT.?7  ""•?  '^^'^^'^^'^  in  the 
to  Montreal.     The  fova-«  rll^  +1  -^    ^  miles-frora  Kingston 

rence  in  a  steaine/is'Sfthrni^S  ^^JIJ^-  f'  V' 
that  our  country  aifords  to  rh«    ^i!  "  ^"'^  interesting 

Starting  at  dayliJhtTom  the  gooS  o&Tf  Kt"^.  '''''''' 
at  firstenraptured  by  the  lov^v  LTf  •  "^  01  Kingston,  we  are 
'  Lake  of  the^Thousai^J  iLs  •  and  oi  w-' w'^'^^  l^'^^^^  ^^  ^^^^ 
our  helmsman  can  guide  us  throun-hfW  T^^?  ^^^  ^^  ^^  ^^'^^ 
before  him.     SurPlv  h7.^n  t!^l^    ^®  intricate  path  that  lies 

•  lose  our  way,  and  oL    t^me^^tt d^^^^^^^  ^"^  ^«  «J^=^H 

less  path  be  once  more  rcovmS  H^^/^''  '"'  *^^  *^^<^k- 
and  long  before  the  sun  hTs  sTwe  iia^e  sZtThe"^?  r''°  T^- 
and  are  passing  through  the  calm  nnri  ^1  ^1  r.  ^°"S  ^aut,' 
Gently  we  glide  alongfand  ar^^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^-  Francis, 

grace  the  scenes  of  firforenoJn't  ?/  'f  "'f  ^,'^"^^«^'  ^^^"^^^ 
awakened  from  our  dreLsbvT.;tr'''S  ,?^^^enly  we  are 
of  our  vessel,  and  ri"  si  ?hrcause  te  fin!}  '  '''''?'  J"^'^ 
ceivmg  warning  in  the  Coteau  RapMs  of  wLt  w  '''""'^^''  ''■ 
Vvhen  we  reach  tho  o^r^A .         jT    J^   .,'  °^  ^^at  we  may  expect 

bell  is  rung  for  the  en^e To'  LZ^^'^''  '^''^'I  ^"-  ^«^^  t^'e 
ard  the  befm,  we  MTmer'elytovl^^^^^^^^ 
way  on  the  vessel;  now  looking  towor§  f^.  I  1*^  ^''^P  ^^*^^^- 
we  see  four  men  standing  by  ?fe  wheel  b..kw ''^'^?  ^^°"^'^' 
gaze,  and  four  more  stand  VvthT/?;;'  ^f ''^"r'^  we  turn  our 
wheel  in  guiding  our  crTft  down  tv,l?"'V*^i  f'^'^  *^^o««  at  the 
to  take.    These  Vep^ratfonsT^^^  «^«  -  -bout 

are  now  making  our  first  trin  ^Wi^?*     •,      ,  ^^^^^^'  ^e,  who 
object  for  supp1)rt    and  eSk/„7^ou^  '^'  ^^^^^^^^ 

plunge.  'Tis  over.  We  are  reeL.  to  /""i^  ^''^^*,  *^«  ^''^ 
hither  and  thither  amono-bmow!?°  "^"^  fro,  and  dancing 
by  the  swiftness  ofThe^euS  W^^T  T'  ^"^^^^  ««l«^l 
feet  while  rushing  down  Jhrtn;^.!!  i'^'®^'?^*^  ^«  ^^ep  ouV 
only  wo  can  be  p're'red '^0^*^^^.^^^^^^  ^^  ^^ich 

sjsSt^^^a^Lrrii^iis^r^^^^ 


!  »i1 


'J 


ft  ii 


I 


74 


RAPIDS    OF    TlIK    RT.    LAWRENCE. 


as  we  fly  pAst  the  island,  a  daring  leap  might  land  us  on  its 
shores ;  and  now  again  we  are  tossed  and  whirled  about  in  a  sea 
of  foam ;  we  look  back  to  scan  the  dangers  passed,  and  see  a  raft 
far  behind,  struggling  in  the  waves.  While  contemplating  its 
dangers,  we  forget  our  own.  and  the  lines  of  Horace  appear  pe- 
culiarly applicable  to  the  Indian  who  first  intrusted  his  frail 
canoe  to  these  terrific  rapids  : 

'  Illi  robur  et  a>8  triplex 

Circa  pectus  erat,  qui  fragilem  truci 
Cominisit  pelago  ratem 
Primua .' " 


RAPIDS  OF  THE  8T. .  LAWRENCE— EXCITEMENT  OF  THE 

TRIP. 

Extract  from  a  Cor'espondent  of  the  Detroit  Advertiser— IS^. 

"  L RAVING  Hamilton  in  the  evening,  on  board  one  of  the 
splendid  steamers  navigating  Lake  Ontario,  running  direct  for 
the  St.  Lawrence  River,  a  distance  of  about  180  miles,  we  had 
a  very  pleasant  night  on  the  lake,  and  arrived  at  Cape  Vincent, 
N.  Y.,  at  7  next  morning;  discharged  some  freight,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  Brockville,  Canada,  and  thence  to  Ogdensbur^,  N.  Y., 
where  we  arrived  about  noon ;  passinjr  from  Cape  Vincent  to 
Ogdensburgh  (via  the  Express  Line  of  steamers),  we  thread  our 
winding  way  through  among  the  Thousand  Islands  ;  here  is  no 
monotony,  for  the  scenery  is  continually  changing  and  ever 
beautiful. 

"  I  have  spoken  of  the  route  by  which  I  came  to  Ogdens- 
burgh ;  another  very  pleasant  route  r.  by  way  of  the  steamer 
from  Detroit  to  Buffalo,  thence  to  the  Niagara  Falls,  taking  the 
boat  at  Lewiston.  By  this  route,  passengers  may  see  many 
points  of  interest,  which  they  do  not  see  in  traveling  by  the 
direct  route. 

"  On  Wednesday,  July  17th,  we  left  Ogdensburgh  on  the 
steamer  Montreal.,  Capt.  J.  Laflanune,  ran  across  the  St. 
Lawrence  to  Prescott — then  headed  down  the  river  to  Montreal. 
At  six  miles  from  Ogdensburgh  we  passed  the  first  rapid 
(Gallop).  This  being  the  first  of  a  series  of  rapids  that  we  had 
to  pass  on  our  way  to  Montreal,  we  had  the  curiosity  to  notice 
the  eflfect  the  scene  had  on  the  passengers.  The  first  with  whom 
we  came  in  contact  was  a  nervous  old  gentleman,  and  he  was 
rushing  from  one  side  of  the  boat  to  the  other,  with  fear  and 
admiration  depicted  on  bis  countenance,  while  excitement  had 


r.il 


t\f  \\\a  -nrhnlo  ■frnmn 


Here  is  a  group  of  sentimental  young  ladies  ;  so  deeply  are 
they  absorbed  in  drinking  in  the  sickly  sentiments  of  the  cheap, 
yellow- covered  literature  which  they  hold  in  their  hands,  that 


RAPIDS    OF    TUL    ST.    LAWliKNCB. 


75 


Ogdcn  bui'i  ''r  th  ";'T*'  ■'''  ¥«^«-J"«-^^  "'>!««  from 

uguensDurgti      At  th.„  jjuint  the  river  is  divided  bv  an  inland 

formeSv  I'^^T  ?"'  ^""^  ^'""'  ^  ^^P^^  of  nine  mZ  ?n  le  '?lx  • 
formerly  the  boats  passed  down  the  south  side,  where  th.  wTitl; 
runs  with  greater  rapidity.     The  north  side  %  called   he  'Lost 

supposea  that  if  a  boat  drifted  into  it,  it  would  cortainlv  hi 
ost.     A  ckannel  has  been  found  on  th;  noHh  side   ami  novv 
the  steamers  pass  by  it  in  preference  to  the  southTannd 
"  As  we  approach  the  rapid,  the  grand  and  lofty  tSmblir^  of 

narrow  and  crooked  channel  witlT  unerring  precS^Th^ 
flTt^f  picturesque  scene  has  now  brought  aTto  heir  to 
the  novel-readers  have  dropped  their  books  .ndli,.  „„•*        ; 
of  reality  now.  surpasses  Z  exoitemelJ?  of  tSoir  fiction   The 
SZhT°.5'  f™?';^  ""eheaded  against  the  Po°  house 
ae  eX  hS  w^'*^'  ?""."'  °P<'"'  ™'^  ™  e«lamat  on  u^n 

lerT  rd  «T/""T  •'/  '!>«•  "'^  """*  «t«ts  wftS'a    uddo" 

his  brow  .nd  i^  '^IS  th„r{f  V'""  "'  '^P^  *"'<'  ="'='"  <■■■-■>" 
r»^i,?    T>„^„         ^,?    *'"?'  ""^  ""^  s^*"!  "nd  passed  over  that 

S5£^Sa^fcptrtc^7l^£^^^^^^ 

^?J!?„"'  *^lfir,-^\^^°«  ^^t«  .^  lake,  which  is  called  zXs/! 

iassSTt  ♦b'/hLf  ci""  ''  *?''''''  ^^'^y  °^il^«  i'*  length.     Having 

du  Lac  ^^'  ^  ^''^  "'""^"^^^  ^*  *1^«  ^lll^g«  of  Coteau 

«  Soon  after  leaving  the  Coteau,  we  pass  the  Coteau,  Cedar, 


it 


76 


RAPIDS    OF   THE    ST.    LAWRENCE. 


Split-Hocff  and  Cascade  Rapids.  The  passage  of  these  raDida 
13  very  exciting,  particularly  the  Split-Rock ;  here,  as  the  boat 
13  by  the  action  of  the  water  lifted  above  the  rocks  and  then 
dropped  down  among  them,  the  waters  covering  and  then  re" 

?nnk«i^f  i/'T°^  *^'  "'\^'  nearly  bare,  upon  either  side, 
looks  fearfully  dangerous ;  the  channel  is  narrow,  the  current 
rapid  and  the  boat  is  carried  along  at  a  2  40  pace  •  but  thP 
boat  IS  strong,  and  a  skillful  pilot  is^  at  the  heKd  the  pas! 
feage  IS  very  quickly  and  safely  made.  ^ 

"The  river  again  widens,  and  is  called  Lake  St.  Louis  At 
the  foot  of  this  lake,  on  the  south  side,  is  the  Indian  village  of 
Uuglinawaga  Here  a  boat  comes  off  from  the  village,  and 
brings  an  Indian  named  Baptiste.  He  is  a  fine-looking  man 
ZS  y  ^^?^^  s^xty  years  of  age ;  he  comes  on  board  to  pilot 
the  boat  over  the  La  C/nne,  which  is  the  last  but  most  dangerous 
of  the  rapids.     No  man  but  Baptiste  has  ever  yet  piloted  a 

SfnlT.T  '^'''  ""f^^^-  ^'  '^'  ^'^'  ^«^««  onwa^rd  0  the 
rapids,  all  the  passengers,  even  to  the  novel-readers,  are  anx- 

lous  to  get  a  good  position  in  order  to  have  a  good  v  ew  of  ?he 
heaving,  breaking,  and  laughing  waters.  Ai  we  enter  the 
rapids,  we  appear  to  be  rimnin|  upon  a  small  grass  covered 
rocky  island.  ^  Indeed,  as  the  bol  of  the  boat's  sf near  thatU 
appears  to  be  impossible  to  clear  it,  we  look  to  see  if  the  pilot 
W  i?!.^'^^-  ^l'''  *1^^'«  «ta^ds  the  captain  at  his  pos^t  in 
front  of  the  wheel-house,  and  the  Indian  pilot,  with  three  other 

t  ZiT.rT^V^'  ^^^^'  ^^""^  ^  ^«  l^°k  ^*  *t^«  calm  coun- 
tenance of  the  Indian,  and  see  that  his  bright  eye  does  not  so 

much  as  wink    but  is  fixed  steadily  upon  hit  beacon,  whatever 
It  may  be,  and  that  the  wheelsmen  are  fully  under  his  control 
we  feel  that,  with  his  skill,  care,  and  knowledge  of  the  way  wa 
TTiav  banish  fear  from  our  thoughts  ^' 

i.u^J^'^^'^^^l^  *  ''?^^^  ^"""^'^^'^  he  guides  the  boats  among  the 
1  lands  and  the  rocks,  over  the  rapids  and  through  the  intricate 
channels,  as  easi  y  as  a  skillful  horseman  reins  a  high^SS 

rlkfwhich  ftTrlf  ^%*^.«^g^^  .VV  ^'^'  gl^^««  ^^-y  from^hoS 
rocks  which  it  appeared  impossible  to  avoid,  but  the  pilot' ap- 

ffirS.''/''''r^^'  to  fear,  though  not  to  the  respo^n  ?biS?y 
that  rests  upon  him.  He  is  aware,  and  all  are  aware,  that  one 
false  move  and  all  is  lost;  for  the  current  is  so  swift,  the  seas 
run  so  high,  and  the  boat  is  driven  so  rapidly,  that  one  touTh 
upon  a  rock  would  shiver  her  to  atoms.  Although  the  passage 
of  .he  rapids  appears  to  be  dangerous,  a  sense  of  pleasure  and 
exci  ement  takes  the  place  of  fea?.  Just  as  we  left^e  La  ChTne 
Kapids,  looking  for  the  nervous  man-there  he  stood,  shakinff 
laughing,  and  exclaiming,  'that  caps  the  climax.'  'in  aboft 

of  iCtrtlJ'  '"''"^^  '^^  ^^''  '"P^^'  ^'  ''''''  '^'  ^^^^^ 


n 


RAILROAD  EOUTE  FROM  MOKTEEAL  TO  TORONTO, 
ETC.,  VIA  GRAFD  TRUNK  RAILWAT. 


As  tie  Grand  Trunk  Eailway  of  Canada  has  recently  been 
opened  from  Montreal  to  Toronto,  and  from  the  latter  place  is  in 
rapid  progress  of  completion  to  Port  Sarnia,  sitnated  at  the  foot 
of  Lake  Huron,  we  give  the  following  description  of  the  route 
from  Montreal  westward,  ascending  the  noble  St.  Lawrence. 

The  depot  IS  situated  at  the  termination  of  the   Victoria 
Bndge  about  one  and  a  half  miles  from  the  center  of  Montreal 
Bubjectmg  the  tn..eler  to  a  long  ride  from  the  hotels  or  stel-' 
boat  landmg.    On  leaving  the  depot  the  La  Chine  Canal  is  scTn 

track  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  extending  westerly  acres 
U.6  fertile  island  of  Montre.r,  passing  in  sight  of  zL  S 
^Z:  "^  «>«  J-^a™  of  the  Ottawa  and  St.  Lawrence 

vilWe'lrr'  '/  """"f""  »f»'-*'''»''F«neh.Canadian 
^Z  tX7  7  T  ^''  ""^^  inhabitants.  Here  is  a 
Roman  Catholic  church,  and  a  number  of  picturesque  edifices 
»  uated  near  the  water's  edge.  The  rapids,  ^vernment  iTZ 
steamers,  and  th.  railroad  bridge,  together  with  the  beautif^ 
Ottawa  and  islands,  aliogelher  afford  a  magnificent  Wew  „'. 

be  seen  the  hills  giving  the  nam-  to  the  Lake  of  tU   Two 
Mountains.  ^ 

I,i.E  Pekox,  about  two  miles  in  width,  is  next  passed  over  by 
the  upward  train,  and  another  branch  of  the  Ottawa  crossed 
when  the  oars  stop  at  the  "ossea, 

vaiage  of  the  same  name.    Here  a  loyely  riew  is  obtained  of  the 


78 


MONTREiL    TO    TORONTO,    ETC. 


Ottawa,  its'  islands,  and  the  hills  of  the  Lake  of  the  Two  Moun- 
tains in  the  distance.  The  railroad  track,  on  leaving  the 
Ottawa,  runs  through  a  fertile  tract  of  country  for  several 
miles,  the  village  of  the  Cedars  being  passed  on  the  left,  Pome 
two  miles  distant. 

CoTEAU  Station  is  37  miles  from  Montret^l  and  one  and  a 
half  miles  from  the  landing;  here  is  a  scattered  settlement 
of  French  Canadians,  numbering  about  500  inhabitants. 

Lajjcaster,  54  miles  from  Montreal,  is  situated  on  the 
north  shore  of  Lake  St.  Francis,  an  expansion  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence River.  Here  is  a  population  of  about  700  inhabitants, 
mostly  of  Scotch  descent. 

Cornwall,  68  miles  from  Montreal,  is  a  thriving  town,  situ- 
ated at  the  foot  of  the  Long  Saut  Rapids.  It  contains  about 
2,500  inhabitants.  Here  the  trains  usually  meet,  and  the  pas- 
sengers are  furnished  refreshments.  This  is  also  a  convenient 
steamboat  landing,  where  the  Royal  Mail  Line  of  steamers  stop 
daily  on  their  trips  up  and  down  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Dickinson's  Landing,  77  miles ;  Aultsburg,  84  miles ;  Wil- 
liamsburg, 92  miles ;  Matilda,  99  miles,  and  Prescott  Junction, 
1 1 2  miles,  are  soon  reached  and  passed  by  the  ascending  train. 

The  line  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  from  Vaudreuil  to 
Brockville,  a  distance  of  100  miles,  runs  through  a  level  section 
of  country,  from  a  hnlf  to  two  miles  distant  from  the  St.  Law- 
rence River,  which  is  only  seen  occasionally  from  the  passing 
train  of  cars. 

The  town  of  Prescott,  113  miles  from  Montreal,  and  60  miles 
from  Kingston,  is  advantageously  situated  on  the  north  bank  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  the  village  of  Ogdensburgh.  It  con- 
tains a  population  of  about  3,000  inhabitants.     ( See  page  259.) 

The  Ottawa  and  Prescott  Railroad,  54  miles  in  length,  ex- 
tends from  Prescott  to  Ottawa  City,  intersecting  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway  one  and  a  half  miles  from  the  St.  Lawrence 
River.  On  leaving  Prescott  the  railroad  runs  through  a  level 
country  to  Kemptville,  23  miles,  and  thence  to  Ottawa  City, 
a  further  distance  of  30  miles.    This  is  now  the  most  speedy  and 


'■aiamm 


MONIIJEAL    TO    TORONTO,    KTCJ.  79 

favorite  route  from  Montreal  to  the  Upper  Ottav^a,  passengers' 
baggage  being  checked  through,  via  Prescott. 

BRocKvrLi.E,  125  miles  above  Montreal,  and  208  miles  below 
Toronto.  IS  one  of  the  most  important  stations  on  the  line  of  the 

fnnn     uZ""'  ^"''''^' ''  ^'^"^  ""  ^^"^^"^^^^S  *«^^  of  about 
5,000  inhabitants.     The  Brockville  and  Ottawa  Railroad  will 

^  end  from  tins  place  to  Pembroke,  situated  100  miles  above 
Uttawa  City.  The  railroad  route  from  Brockville  to  Kingston, 
48  imles,  continues  along  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Ontario  to 
Cobourg,90  miles  farther,  and  thence  to  Toronto,  70  miles- 
being  a  total  distance  of  333  miles.  ' 

Toronto,  etc.,  see  Trip  from  Hamilton  and  Tormto  to  Kin.s. 
ton,  etc.  ° 


80 


MOJfTREAL. 


The  City  of  Montreal,  the  largest  and  chief  seat  of  com- 
merce of  British  America,  is  favorably  situated  at  the  head  of 
Ghip  navigation  on  the  left  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River, 
here  about  two  miles  in  width.     It  lies  170  miles  above  Quebec 
and  850  miles  below  Toronto,  by  water,  in  N,  lat.  45=  30',  and 
W.  long.  73°  25'  from  Greenwich.     The  site,  although  not  so 
commanding  as  Quebec,  is  in  every  other  respect  superior, 
lying  at  the  foot  of  a  romantic  eminence  from  which  it  derives 
its  name,  called  Mount  Royal,  which  hill  rises  in  picturesque 
beauty,  about  one  mile  from  the  city,  to  the  height  of  550  feet, 
forming  a  prominent  object  in  the  picture  from  every  point  of 
view.     The  streets,  although  somewhat  irregular,  present  a  fine 
and  clean  appearance.     Notre  Dame  Street,  the  Broadway  of 
Montreal,  is  the  principal  promenade  and  seat  of  the  fashion- 
able retail  trade ;  it  is  about  one  mile  in  length  and  has  many 
elegant  stores,  built  of  stone  in  the  most  durable  manner.     St. 
Paul  Street,  lying  nearer  the  water,  is  mostly  filled  with  whole- 
sale stores.    Great  St.  James  Street  is  a  wide  and  beautiful 
avenue,  where  are  located  most  of  the  banks  and  insurance 
offices;  together  with  hotels  and  other  substantial  buildings. 
McGill  Street  is  filled  with  stores  and  oflBces  of  different  kinds, 
running  across  the  streets  enumerated  above.     Water  Street, 
Commissioners'  Street,  and  Common  Street  extend  the  entire 
length  of  the  city,  facing  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River  and  La 
Chine  Canal ;  at  times  presenting  a  pleasinjr  and  lively  appear- 
ance when  the  harbor  and  canal  are  filled  with  steamers  and 
sail  vessels  of  different  kinds.     From  whatever  side  the  city  is 
approo     -^d,  either  by  water  or  land,  the  scene  is  one  of  much 
interesi ,  if  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  Victoria  Bridge  and  islands 
first  attract  attention :  then  the  splendid  towers  of  the  Cathedral, 
the  tall  spires  of  other  churches,  the  elegant  front  of  Bonsecours 


MONTREAL. 


81 


Market,  the  Diagnificent  stone  quay,  and  the  long  range  of  cut- 
stone  buildings  which  front  the  river,  form  at  once  a  tout  en- 
semble which  is  linequaled. 

The  public  buildings  in  Montreal  are  numerous ;  many  of 
I  hem  massive  and  costly  edifices.    The  most  noted  is  the  Roman 
Catholic  or  French  Cathedral,  situated  on  Notre  Dame  Street 
frontmg  the  Place  d'Armes;  it  is  built  in  the  Gothic  style  of 
architecture,  255  feet  in  length  by  131  in  breadth ;  it  has  six  tow- 
ers,  of  which  the  three  belonging  to  the  main  front  are  220  feet 
in  height.     The  principal  window  is  64  feet  in  height  and  32 
m  breadth.     The  interior  has  several  desks  or  altars,  and 
IS  capable  of  accommodating  from  6  to  7,000  persons,  who 
can  disperse  by  several  outlets.      « This  church  boasts  the 
possession  of  a  magnificent  set  of  bells,  one  of  which,  weigh- 
ing thirteen  tons,  is  hung  in  ih^  western  tower,  and  is  the 
lavgest  bell  in  America.     Under  the  church,  the  entire  space 
IS  occupied  by  a  cemetery-in  which  the  more  wealthy  of  the 
Roman  Catholics  are  interred."    The  Seminary  of  St  Sulpice 
adjommg  the  Cathedral,  is  a  substantial  stone  building,  at  pres- 
nt  only  finished  to  the  extent  of  half  the  proposed  plan     In 
this  building  ic  transacted  all  the  parochial  business,  and  also 
the  secular  affairs  connected  with  the  very  valuable  property 
belonging  to  the  priests  of  the  seminary.     There  are  several 
other  Roman  Catholic  churches,  mostly  belonging  to  the  order 
of  St.  Sulpice,  to  the  members  of  which  Montreal  chiefly  owed 
its  foundation,  and  who  still  hold  the  seigniory  of  ih^  island  on 
which  it  stands. 

The  Protestant  churches,  consisting  of  the  Church  of  England 
or  Episcopal,  the  Church  of  Scotland  (Presbyterian),  the  Con- 
gregational,  the  Baptist,  the  Methodist,  and  other  persuasions 
are  numerous;  V.o„:roal  being  justly  celebrated  for  its  church 
edifices  and  church  ^oing  people.  There  are  also  a  great  num- 
tar  of  nunneries  and  charitable  institutions  in  the  city  both 
under  Romon  Catholic  and  Protestant  management.  The  court- 
house  and  prison  are  new  and  substantial  stone  buildings,  occu- 
pying  the  site  of  the  former  college  of  the  Jesuits.     The  govern- 


82 


MONTREAL. 


ment  house,  barracVs,  ordnance  office,  six  banks,  and  five 
market-houses,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  Bonsecours  Market, 
are  among  the  remaining  public  buildings.  Nelson's  Monument, 
a  colossal  statue  of  tlie  hero  of  the  Nile,  is  placed  on  a  Doric 
column,  the  pedestal  of  which  has  bas-reliefs  representing  na-val 
actions.  McGill  College  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  base  of 
the  mountain,  and  is  richly  endowed.  Here  are  also  a  Baptist 
college  and  two  Roman  Catholio  colleges,  besides  numerous 
other  educational  institutions.  Montreal  has  a  theater-royal, 
an  exchange  building,  a  penitentiary,  a  house  of  industry,  a 
hospital,  water  Avorks,  gas  works,  a  custom-house,  a  board  of 
trade,  scientific  institutions,  religious  and  benevolent  institu- 
tions, and  numerous  well-kept  liotels. 

The  favorable  position  of  Montreal  for  trade  and  commerce, 
both  foreign  and  domestic,  makes  it  a  great  thoroughfare  for 
men  of  business,  as  well  as  of  tlie  pleasure-seeking  community. 
The  facilities  afforded  by  means  of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Ot- 
tawa rivers,  in  connection  with  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  and 
other  railroads,  open  a  ready  communication,  not  only  with  all 
parts  of  Canada,  but  with  Portland,  Me.,  Boston,  and  the  city 
of  New  York ;  the  latter  city  being  only  400  miles  distant,  and 
connected  during  the  season  of  navigation  by  two  popular  lines 
of  travel.    The  harbor,  tliough  not  large,  is  safe  and  conven- 
ient ;  vessels  drawing  15  feet  may  lie  close  to  the  quay,  which 
is  a  most  substantial  stone  structure  of  upward  one  mile  in 
length.     The  La  Chine  Canal,  nine  miles  long,  admits  steam- 
ers of  a  large  size  on  their  upward  trips,  they  usually  running 
the  Eapids  on  their  downward  trips  from  the  Lakes  above  and 
the  Ottawa  River.     Besides  steamers  of  a  large  class  running 
to  Quebec,  steamships  run  regularly,  during  the  season  of  navi- 
gation, between  Montreal  and  Liverpool,  making  quick  and 
profitable  voyages.    The  trade  through  Lake  Champlain,  mostly 
by  means  of  the  Champlain  and  St.  Lawrence  Railroad,  44 
miles  in  length,  is  immense— so  much  so  as  to  require  a  ship 
canal  from  Caughanawa,  or  opposite  Montreal,  tc  the  navigable 
waters  of  the  Richelieu  River,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain. 


MONTREAL. 


83 


The  Montreal  and  Plattsburgh  Railroad,  52  miles  in  length, 
uniting  with  the  La  Chine  Railroad,  forms  a  direct  line  of  travel 
to  Plattsburgh,  situated  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  Champlain. 
The  Montreal  and  Ottawa  Railroad,  under  construction,  will 
add  greatly  to  the  advantage  of  Montreal. 

The  Victoria  Bridge,  now  erecting  across  the  St.  Lawrence 
River,  immediately  above  the  city,  when  completed,  will  form 
one  of  tlie  wonders  of  the  age ;  it  is  to  cross  the  river  from 
Point  St.  Charles  to  the  south  shore,  a  total  length  of  10,284 
feet,  or  about  50  yards  less  than  two  miles.    It  is  to  be  built 
on  the  tubular  principle,  and  will  have  a  track  for  railroad  cars 
in  the  center,  while  on  the  outside  of  the  tube  there  will  be  a 
balcony  on  each  side,  with  a  footpath  for  passengers.     The 
bridge  will  rest  on  24  piers  and  two  abutments  of  limestone 
masonry  ;  the  center  span  being  330  feet  long,  and  GO  feet  high 
from  summer  water-level,  descending  at  either  end  at  the  rate 
of  one  in  130.     It  is  in  every  respect  to  be  built  in  the  most 
substantial  manner,  and,  when  completed,  will  cost  the  enor- 
mous sum  of  £  1 ,250,000  sterling,  or  $6,250,000.     The  contents 
of  the  masonry  will  be  3,000,000  of  cubic  feet.    The  weight  of 
iron  in  the  tubes  8,000  tons.     The  following  are  the  dimensions 
of  tube  through  which  the  trains  pass  in  the  middle  span,  viz.  : 
22  feet  high,  10  feet  vnde ;  at  the  extreme  ends,  19  feet  high, 
16  feet  wide.     This  gigantic  structure  is  in  rapid  progress  of 
construction,  and,  it  is  understood,  will  be  completed  in  1859, 
or  early  in  1860. 

The  drives  and  inviting  excursions  about  Montreal  are  nu- 
merous, and  highly  appreciated  by  visitors  from  more  southern 
climes.  The  foremost  stands  the  excursion  around  the  mount- 
ain, which  stands  as  a  beacon  to  point  out  the  true  position  of 
the  city  on  nearing  or  departing  from  this  romantic  city.  Other 
drives  up  or  down  the  St.  Lawrence,  or  on  almost  any  part  of 
the  fertile  island  of  Montreal,  are  attended  with  pleasure  and 
delightful  emotions.  "Besides  these  excursions,  the  tourist 
will  find  his  time  well  repaid  by  a  visit  to  the  Saut-au-Recol- 
lect,  which  is  a  series  of  Rapids  at  the  northern  side  of  the 


84  GRAND    TRUNK    RAILWAY. 

island,  on  a  branch  of  the  Ottawa  called  La  Riviere  des  Prairies. 
Here,  besides  the  beauty  of  the  scenery,  he  may  see  the  rafts 
from  the  Ottawa  making  the  descent— an  exciting  exploit  both 
to  the  spectators  and  hardy  crews,  though  from  the  rarity  of 
accidents  we  must  conclude  that  the  skill  of  the  voyageurs  has 
taught  them  to  avoid  any  real  danger." 

Population  of  Montreal— 1852. 

Males 27,586    Other  countries 1,457 

Females 30,129 

Roman  Catholics 41,466 

Total  population 57,715    Protestants 16,196 

French  Canadians  ....  26,020    Number  of  houses  ....     7,420 

British  Canadians 12,494  "         families  . . .     9,990 

English,  Irish,  &  Scotch  17,774 


GRAND   TRUNK   RAILWAY  OF   CANADA. 

The  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  the  greatest  scheme  of  its 
kind  in  America,  embraces  in  its  ramifications  the  construction 
of  a  continuous  line  of  railway  from  Trois  Pistoles,  C.  E.,  about 
loO  miles  below  Quebec,  on  the  southern  side  of  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  the  point  at  which  a  junction  with  the  proposed  Hal- 
^ax  Rnihvay  is  looked  forward  to— and  Port  Sarnia,  C.  W.,  on 
Lake  Huron,  a  distance  of  upward  of  800  miles— also  a  branch 
hne  of  50  miles  in  length,  from  Belleville  to  PeterborouMi,  C.  W 
—and  the  leasing  of  the  railroad  then  already  built°between 
Montreal  and  Portland,  Me.,  so  that  th^  products  of  the  west- 
ern points  of  the  Province  might  be  conv-,yed  through  Canada 
to  the  Atlantic  seaboard,  without  break  of  guage  or  bulk.     The 
total  length  of  unbroken  railway  communication  which  will 
thus  be  obtained,  when  the  St.  Lawrence  River  is  spanned  by 
the  Victoria  Bridge,  a  structure  unequaled  in  the  history  of 
engineering,  either  in  size  or  in  massive  proportions— is  up- 
^n'knn^nlA-^^-?  ^'^®^'    '^^^  Original  capital  of  the  company  was 
A- J,t)UU ,U00,  but  this  being  found  insufficient,  it  has  been  de- 
i^^-^nnnV^  increase  this  amount  to  £12,000,000  sterling,  or 
$60,000,000.     Of  this  sum  the  Province  has  an  interest  in  the 
undertaking,  in  the  shape  of  a  guaranty,  to  an  amount  of  up- 
ward of  £3,000,000  sterling,  or  $15,000,000.     Of  the  worL 
proposed,  however,  it  was  found  necessary,  from  several  causes. 


\ 


1 


GRAND    TRUNK    RAILWAY. 


85 


1,457 

41,466 
16,196 

7,420 
9,990 


i  SI 


Vl 


io  place  in  abeyance  the  prosecution  of  three  different  sections 
of  the  work,  viz.,  the  distance  between  St.  Thomas  to  Trois  Pis- 
toles, 100  miles ;  from  Belleville  to  Peterborough,  50  miles ;  and 
from  St.  Mary's  to  Sarnia,  68  miles.  But  these  sections  will 
doubtless  ere  long  be  proceeded  with ;  in  the  first  case,  because 
the  Lower  Provinces  in  all  probability,  assisted  by  the  Imperial 
Government,  will  complete  their  railway  communication  to 
Trois  Pistoles,  in  order  to  connect  it  with  the  Canadian  railway 
system ;  and  in  the  latter  two  cases,  simply  because  the  traffic 
of  the  country  will  very  speedily  demand  the  construction  of 
these  lines. 

With  these  curtailments,  and  they  are  but  temporary,  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway  is  now  composed  of  the  following  sec- 
tions, viz. : 

Montreal  to  Portland 292  miles. 

Richmond  to  Port  Levi,  opposite  Quebec,  St.  Thomas.  137      " 

Montreal  to  Toronto 333      " 

Toronto  to  Stratford 88     " 

Making  a  total  mileage  of 850  miles. 

The  works  throughout  the  whole  of  this  great  length  of 
line  have  been  pronounced  by  competent  authorities,  both  En- 
glish and  American,  to  be  altogether  unequaled  by  any  rail- 
way on  this  continent,  and  reflect  much  credit,  not  only  on  the 
engineer  of  the  company,  but  also  on  the  several  agents  of  the 
contractors.  On  an  average,  there  is  a  station  to  every  six 
miles,  two  men  to  every  three  miles,  and  a  locomotive  to  every 
four  miles. 

Apart  from  the  through  travel  between  the  East  and  the 
West,  which  must  be  very  large,  the  junctions  between  other 
railways  and  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  throughout  the  Prov- 
ince are  very  numerous,  and  will  provide  a  heavy  traffic,  both 
of  passengers  and  freight. 

24 


ifl 


86 


I 


TRIP  FROM  MONTREAL  TO  OTTAWA  CfTY  AND  THE 
UPPER  OTTAWA  RIVER. 


Tourists  who  design  to  visit  the  Ottawa  River,  and  view  its 
vaned  and  beautiful  scenery,  should  leave  Montreal  by  stelm 

:1         T  r   T^  '  '''^''''  '''  ^"^"^  C^*^'  90  miles  far. 
th  r    or  ,f  desired,  continue  the  railroad  route  to  Prescott,  113 

mdes  from  Montreal,  and  proceed  by  Ottau^a  and  Prescott  Hail, 

Chil  ,     T  ^''^''''^  '^^^^  ^^^^«y«  passengers  to  La 

tawa  cHr  ^^'^''  ''''""'''  '^'^''*  ^^^^^''  ^'* 

At  S-r.  Annk's,  14  miles  above  La  Chine,  the  steamer  passes 

sifo;  :V' '::'  ^ -'^  ^^'  ^'^  ^^^^  ^^"^- «-  - '  - 

cession  of  rapids  in  the  river,  and  several  small  islands  The 
village  IS  handsomely  situated  on  the  southwest  end  of  the  i^! 
and  of  Montreal,  and  is  the  place  where  the  poet  Moore  located 
the  scene  of  his  admired  Canadian  Boat  Song.*         ' • ''^^"^ 

CANADIAN  BOAT  SONG. 

BY  THOMAS  MOORK. 

Faintly  as  tolls  the  evening  chime, 

Our  voices  keep  tune  and  our  oars  keen  t\m^  • 

Soon  as  the  woods  on  shore  look  d?m,  ^^  ^'""^ ' 

Row^hr*  ?>!•  "^^"^'^  ^»'-  Pa'-^ng  hymn. 
ThrkSu""'  '""^^  *^«  streanfruns  fast, 
1  he  Rapids  are  near  and  the  daylight's  past. 

Why  should  we  yet  our  sail  unfurl  ? 

R  „f  wi.'l°Ph  *  ^'■^?*^  ^h«  ^l"e  wave  to  curl  • 
But  when  the  wind  blows  off  the  shore 
Oh  .'sweetly  we'U  rest  our  weary  oa?    ' 

Thn  p?*"?^^®^'  ^^''^'  ^^^  stream  runs  fa«.t 
The  Kapids  are  near  and  the  daylight's  past. 


oWig?d^:STu?itefttSl^hte'rth'^  tr'  --«  ^-«-,y 
small  depth  of  water  Lre  affSed  it  is  frnm  t m  ''•.  "^'  ^^'°S  *«  ^^J 
nadians  consider  they  take  their  denartnrA  ^^T  '^^'^  village  that  the  Ca- 
possesses  the  last  church  on  tSiffl  of  Mnnr^'l"^'?.^  ^^^  Ottawa,  as  it 
the  tutelar  saint  of  voyagems  Montreal,  which  la  dedicated  to 


MONTKEAL    TO    OTTAWA    CITY. 


87 


IND  THE 


id  view  its 

Y  steamer, 
St.  Anne's, 
miles  far- 
scott,  113 
cott  Rail- 
ers  to  Lft 

Y  for  Ot- 

er  passes 
is  a  suc- 
ds.  The 
'  the  isl- 
3  located 


ormerly 
r  to  the 
the  Ca- 
y&y  as  it 
Jated  to 


Otfawa'8  tide !  this  trembling  moon 

Shall  see  us  float  over  thy  surges  soon. 

Saint  of  this  jireeti  isle !  hear  our  prayers, 

Oh  !  prant  us  conl  heavens  and  favoring  airs. 
Blow,  breezes,  blow,  the  stream  runs  fast, 
The  Rapids  are  near  and  the  daylight's  past. 

Two  miles  west  of  St.  Anne's  commences  the  Lake  of  the 
Two  Mountains,  being  an  expansion  of  the  Ottawa,  about  ten 
miles  long  and  eight  miles  w  ule.  Here  a  branch  of  the  river 
diverges  toward  the  northeast,  forming  the  west  b*  undary  of 
the  island  of  Montreal.  Two  hills  to  the  north,  elevated  400 
or  500  feet  above  the  river  at  the  distance  of  a  few  miles,  give 
the  name  to  this  body  of  water. 

The  Indian  Vii.lage  of  the  Two  Mountains  is  situated  on 
the  north  side  of  the  ttawa,  about  25  miles  west  of  La  Chine. 
Here  reside  the  remii  nts  of  two  tribes,  the  Mohawks  and  Al- 
gonquins.  The  settlements  are  divided  by  a  Roman  Catholic 
church,  standing  near  the  river  side.  On  the  hill  toward  the 
north  are  situated  three  or  four  chapels.  The  highest  summit 
of  the  hill  or  mountain,  one  or  two  miles  distant,  is  called  Cal- 
vary, and  is  visited  by  the  Indians  and  whites  on  certain  re- 
ligious festivals  of   he  Roman  Catholic  Church.    Here  the  river 

contracts  in  width  to  about  half  a  mile,  for  a  distance  of  one 

mile,  when  it  again  expands,  forming  the  Upper  Lake  of  the 
Two  Mountains.     About  nine  miles  farther  west  the  river 

a^ain  contracts  to  half  a  mile  in  width. 
On  the  south  is  passed  the  settlement  of  Regaud,  and  a 

mountain  of  the  same  name. 
Carillon,  eight  miles  farther,  is  on  the  north  side  of  the 

Ottawa.    Here  are  rapids  in  the  river,  and  the  navigation  by 

steamboat  is  continued  by  means  of  a  lock  and  canal,  12  miles 

in  length. 
At  Point  Fortune,  opposite  Carillon,  passengers  going  to 

the  Caledonia  Springs  usually  take  a  stage  for  L'Original,  a 

distance  of  18  miles,  along  the  south  bank  of  the  Ottawa, 

which  affords  some  picturesque  views. 
At  Grenville,  12  miles  from  Carillon,  navigation  is  resumed 

on  the  Ottawa  River,  for  a  further  distance  of  68  miles. 


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MONTREAL  TO  OTTAWA  CITY. 


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M 


The  RiDEAu  Falls  (the  Curtain),  so  called  from  their  re- 
semblance to  drapery,  ia  formed  by  the  waters  of  the  Rideau 
River  precipitating  itself  into  the  Ottawa,  a  short  distance  be- 
low the  city  of  Ottawa.  This  is  a  beautiful  fall  of  80  feet,  and 
attracts  much  notice,  being  seen  to  advantage  from  the  steamer 
ascending  the  Ottawa. 

Chaudiere  Falls  {the  Boiling  Po^j  which  are  second  onl^' 
to  those  of  Niagara  in  grandeur  and  magnificence,  are  on  the 
Ottawa,  immediately  above  the  city.  These  falls,  in  connection 
with  the  surrounding  scenery,  render  this  section  of  Canada 
very  attractive  to  tourists  seeking  health  or  pleasure. 

The  City  of  Ottawa,  C.  W.,  formerly  called  Bi/town,  occu- 
pies a  most  romantic  position  on  the  southwest  side  of  Ottawa 
River,  being  120  miles  distant  from  Montreal,  and  54  from 
Prescott  by  railway.  It  is  in  a  naturally  strong  situation,  and 
could  be  easily  rendered  almost  impregnable.  The  city  is 
divided  into  two  parts,  like  Quebec,  known  as  the  Upper  and 
Lower  Towns,  which  are  about  half  a  mile  apart.  The  Ridtau 
Canal  commences  here,  and  is  spanned  by  a  handsome  stone 
bridge,  forming  part  of  the  street  which  connects  the  two  por- 
tions of  the  town,  and  it  is  also  connected  with  Hull,  on  the 
Lower  Canada  side  of  the  river,  by  a  fine  suspension  bridge. 

The  city  is  justly  celebrated  as  being  a  great  mart  for  lum- 
ber, in  which  the  Ottawa  country  abounds.  In  the  neighbor- 
hood is  found  beautiful  pale-gray  limestone,  of  which  material 
many  of  the  edifices  are  constructed,  giving  a  handsome  and 
solid  appearance  to  the  place ;  the  streets  have  been  laid  out 
with  great  regularity,  and  are  very  wide.  Barrack  Hill,  a 
commanding  site,  is  retained  by  the  government,  which,  if 
judiciously  improved,  the  inhabitants  might  have  beautiful 
grounds  for  purposes  of  health  and  recreation.  Here  are  situ- 
ated the  county  buildings,  ten  churches  of  different  denomina- 
tions, four  or  five  banking-houses,  several  well-kept  hotels, 
together  with  numerous  stores  and  extensive  grist-mills,  saw- 
mills, and  other  manufacturing  establishments. 

The  Ottawa  and  Prescott  Railway ^  64  miles  in  length,  ter- 


rPPER    OTTAWA    RIVER. 


89 


minates  at  Prescott,  situated  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  di- 
rectly opposite  Ogdensburgh.  No  other  road  of  its  length  in 
America  possesses  greater  advantages  than  this  railway,  if 
ri^tly  turned  to  account,  pointing  as  it  does  to  the  State  and 
city  of  New  York. 

Stages  and  Steamboats  run  daily  from  Ottawa  City  to  dif- 
ferent  places  on  the  river  above  the  city,  affording  romantic 
excursions  during  the  summer  and  autumn  months. 

The  Union  Line  of  steamers  runs  from  Aylmer,  nine  miles 
above  Ottawa,  to  Joachin,  150  miles  above  the  city.  The  pro- 
prietors have  three  iron  steamers,  with  fifty-horse-power  engines : 
one  running  from  Aylmer  to  Chatts;  one  from  Amprior  to 
Portage  Du  Fort,  and  one  from  Portage  Du  Fort  to  Joachin. 
These  boats  are  not  sufl&cient  to  do  the  bu  iness  that  is  now 
offered ;  and  it  is  a  remarkable  fact,  that  while  goods  are  car- 
ried in  winter  on  sleighs  over  this  foute  for  50  cents  per  100 
pounds,  the  steamboat  charge  is  $1  25. 


VILLAGES  ON  THE  UPPER  OTTA'WA  EIVEK. 

Aylmer,  nine  miles  above  the  city  on  the  Lower  Canada 
side,  is  situated  at  the  outlet  of  Chaudiere  Lake,  through  which 
the  river  flows,  has  about  1,000  inhabitants,  and  is  the  shire  town 
of  Ottawa  County.  Is  at  the  foot  of  steamboat  navigation 
above  the  city.  There  is  a  good  McAdam  road  from  the  city  to 
Aylmer. 

FiTZROT  and  Chatts — these  villages  are  connected,  anu  situ- 
ated 32  miles  above  the  city,  with  about  500  inhabitants ;  the 
river  at  this  place  has  a  fall  of  52 J  feet. 

Amprior,  40  miles  above  the  city.  This  place  has  sprung 
into  existence  within  the  last  two  years ;  has  now  60  dwellings, 
and  40  more  under  contract.  A  railroad  is  now  under  contract 
from  Ottawa  City  to  Amprior,  to  be  completed  in  1858,  and  I 
understand  that  this  is  also  the  point  where  the  Brockville  and 
Pembroke  Railroad  comes  to  the  river.  The  river  has  a  fall 
here  of  twelve  feet.    To  hear  the  descriptions  which  are  given 


S. 


L 


90 


UPPER   OTTAWA    RIVER. 


of  this  section  of  the  country,  one  would  think  that  it  was  the 
Garden  of  Eden,  and  that  it  was  soon  to  bo  reclaimed.  Those 
engaged  in  building  up  Amprior,  predict  that  it  is  soon  to 
become  the  Chicago  of  Canada. 

Portage  Du  Fort  is  60  miles  above  Ottawa  City.  The 
river  here  has  a  fall  of  twelve  feet,  aflFording  good  water-power, 

Pembroke,  100  miles  above  the  city,  is  the  next  place  on  the 
river,  and  is  a  point  of  great  importance. 

The  Brockville  and  Ottawa  Railroad,  when  cor^^pleted,  will 
terminate  at  this  place,  and  aflford  great  facilities  to  tho  settle- 
ments on  the  Upper  Ottawa  River  and  its  tributaries 


91 


OTTAWA   RIVER. 


Copied  from  the  Canadian  Tourist. 

"  This  river,  and  the  vast  fertile  territory  which  it  drains, 
has  hitherto  been,  in  a  great  measure,  abandoned  to  the  oper- 
ations of  the  lumberman,  and  the  comparatively  few  farmers 
who  have  foll^^wed  his  steps ;  but,  latterly,  its  capabilities  as 
an  agricultural  country  have  gradually  attracted  a  greater 
degree  of  attention,  which  the  proposal  of  connecting  its  waters 
with  Lake  Huron  and  the  Far  West  will  greatly  increase.  Of 
the  magnitude  of  the  river,  the  riches  of  its  bar^'  ,  and  the 
beauty  of  the  scenery,  we  can  not  better  speak  than  by  mak- 
ing use  of  the  excellent  Report  lately  made  by  a  Committee  of 
the  CanarV.an  House  of  Assembly  on  Railways : 

"  •  The  Length  of  the  course  of  the  Ottawa  River  is  about  780 
miles.  From  its  source  it  bends  in  a  southwest  course,  and 
after  receiving  several  tributaries  from  the  height  of  land  sep- 
arating its  waters  from  the  Hudson  Bay,  it  enters  Lake  Temis- 
caming  From  its  entrance  into  this  lake  downward  the  course 
of  the  Ottawa  has  been  surveyed,  and  is  well  known. 

"  '  At  the  head  of  the  lake  the  Blanche  River  falls  in,  coming 
r.bout  ninety  miles  from  the  north.  Thirty-four  miles  farther 
down  the  lake  it  receives  the  Montreal  River,  coming  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  miles  from  the  northwest.  Six  miles  lower 
down  on  the  east,  or  Lower  Canada  bank,  it  receives  the  Kee- 
pawa-sippi,  a  large  river  which  has  its  origin  in  a  lake  of  great 
size,  hitiierto  but  partially  explored,  and  known  as  Lake  Kee- 
pawa.  This  lake  is  connected  with  another  chain  of  irregularly 
shaped  lakes,  from  one  of  which  proceeds  the  River  du  Moine, 
which  enters  the  Ottawa  about  a  hundred  miles  below  the  mouth 
of  the  Keepawa-sippi. 

«' '  From  the  Long  Saut  at  the  foot  of  Lake  Temiscaming, 
"two  hundred  and  thirty-three  miles  above  the  city  of  Ot '  awa, 
and  three  hundred  and  sixty  miles  from  the  mcuth  of  the  Ot- 
tawa, down  to  Deux  Joachim  Rapids,  at  the  head  of  the  Deep 
River,  that  is,  for  eighty-nine  miles,  the  Ottawa,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  seventeen  miles  below  the  Long  Saut,  and  some  other 
intervals,  is  not  at  present  navigable,  except  for  canoes.  Be- 
sides other  tributaries  in  the  interval,  at  a  hundred  and  ninety- 
seven  miles  from  Bytown,  now  called  Ottawa,  it  receives  on  the 
west  side  the  Mattawan,  which  is  the  highway  for  canoes  going 
to  Lake  Huron  by  Lake  Nippissing.    From  the  Mattawan  the 


^ 


ftH 


92 


OTTAWA    RIVER. 


Ottawa  flows  east  by  south  to  the  head  of  Deep  River  Reach 
nme^miles  above  which  it  receives  the  River  du  K  from  tt 

•    "  11^^°"*  *^®  ^^^^  ^^  I^eep  River,  as  this  ©art  of  tho  OHdwo 

hri  f '  *"  ?p'  ^T  f  ^PP^^  Allumettes  LakMwo  mifes^b^^^^^ 

1^1^?^?^^"^^""^"' ''  ^^  uninterrupted  reach  of  navieabil 

water,  forty-three  miles  in  length.     The  general  direoH*fn  nf 

nonrsTde'of'i?  ^n-"  ""^''^«*-    ^«  -orfa\nfaTonrthe 
ElVanH  fl,f  ^^  River  are  upward  of  a  thousand  feet  in 

reL2n?Tf/'"'T"'7"''.*«  exception  of  one  slighrrapid  a' 
norJh  "^/  '^,"i;'^,  "'^  "  ™8»M«  ""ter.    The  mountains  on  the 

hS/'f  ««^  *^?"'''?S«  ^^^^-  ■""«''  ™e  apparent  ?  t°  the 
height  of  fifteen  hundred  feet,  add  a  deirree  of  VrnTrfiL  .„  JS 

scenery,  which  ia  in  other  rejects  beSul  IndvaTed  h 
the  Upper  AUumettes  Lake,  a  hundred  and  fift^n  mHes  from 
Ottawa,  Uie  mer  receives  from  the  west  the  PeSwee  one  o? 
n    eS  ^:,Tr^-    '^^  ■•"*' '»  *  '"""'■•'d  anSy  miles 

»£'  itTmTrornii*ri.*7or  d'r^^rif 

SSt%S:,5Sr  ^'^^^'"•**'»  In^an'S.'^Ce^ptfel 

thrn^k*Ihl  p1!V^7-^^^^  ^u'^^^i'Se  the  Ottawa  receives  from 
tne  north  the  LlaeJ  liver,  a  hundred  and  thirty  miles  in  WfT 
drammg  an  area  ..  eleven  hundred  and  twenty  SsanS 
m, les  lower  on  the  same  side  the  river  Couwl  whK^^^ 

etVunrdf,uTrtS"^^^^^^-^*^^ 

JS^f  Z  stlbtf  n^'vta??^  Itstrnc'e^^Jr  h't^  ^ ' 
are  impassable  rapids.     Fiffy  SraCve    Ktv  fh^^^OH'^''' 

LTSh'V'^  ^"^  *'^  BonLch^'e^rh^ntef  I;f tt^^^^^^^^ 
'^.}^^S\dTammg  an  area  of  nine  hundred  and  eighty  i^lef 
Eleven  miles  lower  it  receives  the  Madawaska  one  of  its  ^ili 
feeders,  a  river  two  hundred  and  t^n  milel  in  lenMh^ 
ing  four  thousand  one  hundred  squarTmLs       ^    '  ^^^  ^'^^- 
in  ,v  J^^^^y-seven  miles  above  Ottawa  there  is  an  interruntion 
m  the  navigation,  caused  by  three  miles  of  ramds  n«H  UP   * 
pass  which  a  railroad  has  Ln  madT  At  the'  foot  of  the  rip? 


OTTAWA    RIVER. 


93 


ids  the  Ottawa  divides  among  islands  into  numerous  channels, 
presentingamo8timpo3vngarray  of  separate  falls. 
1    «"  Six  miles  above  Ottawa  begin  the  rapids  terminating  in  the 
(Ottawa  Chaudilre  Falls,  which,  inferior  in  impressive  grandeur 
Ito  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  are,  perhaps,  more  permanently  inter- 
esting, as  presenting  greater  variety.    The  greatest  height  of 
Chaudiere  Falls  is  about  forty  feet.    Arrayed  in  every  imagm- 
able  variety  of  form— in  vast,  dark  masses,  m  graceful  cas- 
^  cades,  or  in  tumbling  spray-they  have  been  well  described  as 
a  hundred  rivers  struggling  for  a  passage.    Not  the  least  inter- 
esting feature  which  they  present  is  the  Lost  Chaudiere  where 
a  body  of  water,  greater  in  volume  than  the  Thames  at  London, 
is  quietly  sucked  down,  and  disappears  under  ground. 

«  '  At  the  city  of  Ottawa  the  river  receives  the  Rideau  trom 
the  west,  running  a  course  of  a  hundred  and  sixteen  miles,  and 
draining  an  area  of  thirteen  hundred  and  fifty  square  miles 

"  The  city  of  Ottawa  is,  perhaps,  situated  more  pictur- 
esquely than  any  other  in  North  America,  with  the  exception 
of  Quebec. '  The  view  from  the  Barrack  HiU-embracing,  as  it 
does,  in  one  coup  d'ail,  the  magnificent  Falls  of  the  Chaudiere, 
with  its  clouds  of  snowy  spray,  generally  spanned  by  a  bril- 
liant rainbow;  the  Suspension  Bridge  uniting  Upper  and  Lower 
Canada;  the  river  above  the  great  Falls,  stildded  with  pretty 
wooded  islands,  and  the  distant  purple  mountains,  which  divide 
the  waters  of  the  Gatineau  from  those  of  the  Ottawa— is  one  ot 
the  most  beautiful  in  the  world.  j  .  i.  v* 

«'  The  city,  now  containing  about  fourteen  thousand  inhabi^ 
ants,  sprung  up,  about  thirty  years  ago,  from  a  collection  of 
Bhantks  inhabited  by  the  laborers  and  artificers  employed  by 
the  Royal  Engmeeis  to  construct  the  Rideau  Canal,  inis 
canal  (terminating  at  Kingston)  was  intended  by  the  govern- 
ment of  England  to  be  a  means  of  communication  between  the 
Lower  St.  Lawrence  and^he  Lakes,  in  case  the  commumcation 
on  the  front  should  be  interrupted.  The  canal  was  designed  by 
Colonel  By,  of  the  Royal  Engineers,  and  the  present  city  ot 
Ottawa  was  named  Bytown  in  njemory  of  its  founder,  until, 
about  two  years  ago,  the  inhabitants  petitioned  the  Provincial 
Parliament  to  change  the  name.  . 

«'  The  canal  is  a  splendid  specimen  of  engineering  skill,  ana 
the  masonry  of  the  numerous  locks  is  generally  admired  lor  its 
finish  and  solidity.  Eight  of  these  locks  rise  one  above  another 
directly  in  the  center  of  the  city,  the  canal  being  crossed  by  a 
handsome  stone  bridge  just  above  them.  The  canal,  m  tact, 
divides  the  city  into  two  parts,  the  Upper  and  Lower  A  large 
part  of  the  Upper  Town  is  comprised  in  what  is  called  the  Bar- 
rack Hill,  on  which  is  a  small  barracks  for  troops,  and  some 
storehouses,  the  property  of  the  Imj^erial  Government ;  there 


I!  :  ' 


94 


OTTAWA    RIVER. 


iljll 


IlL 


water-Dower  pxi^tin.*  fi^av-t     i    «j^i^uatquence  ol  the  abundant 

the  pieces  of  timber  used  to  ho  T^!:i^,v-*  *^!j    •     , "'  °^®^  ^^^ch 
collected  below"ra  ^rl^^nffrr]"  !i^'"l  ^J.  «°^  "g"" 


collected  below  at  a  8reart;iu£rS"S.""S;:rghr/;^". 


Whole  summer,  froir  morning  lo  nieht  the  «rriha'  n>  *•    v    ' 
each  manned  by  three  or  four  hprH^JiV!         ^   °^  timber, 

is  attached,  and  a  ItomanCaSuo  cdW  .L  p  "rl^"*""' 
pital,  the  Terminus  of  the  Pr^ott  anTfitf ,1  n  •f**'''  ^'^ 
the  steamboat  wharf.    AmongTe "Sets  weU  wortll'r^'  *?" 

uTa?saS!^"Artn*S"?;  JT' T  f  ^'^V^^Vclt' 
America,  MontreS,\nYQtw  h^^^ln  fh'^Sl'^""' 

hetw?e?ttra".?Lrera^^~oft£S-^^^ 
"  Travelers  who  wish  to  proceed  farther  ud  thp  rivAr  no«  +  i 


I 


OTTAWA    RIVER. 


95 


the  summit  of 
I  view  which  we 
28  in  the  world, 
rould  make  the 

has  sprung  up 
'  the  abundant 
iterprising  per- 
There  is  also 
nufactory. 
nment,  for  the 
all,  over  which 
ly,  to  be  again 
hroughout  the- 
ibs'  of  timber, 
1,  may  be  seen 
summit  of  the 
amers  floating 
h,  (jlark  bosom 
J  in  the  sun- 
tile  estabb'sh- 
lic  Cathedral, 
leral  Hospital 
'otestant  hos- 
Railway,  and 
rth  seeing  in 
size,  recently 
itawa  are  the 
ews-room,  to 
bter  contain- 
[n  Upper  Ot- 
rhich  all  the 
>f  the  Crown 
fitish  North 
le  city, 
on  the  river 

and  Kings- 
1  leaves  the 

who  intend 
Trunk  line, 

er  can  take 
about  nine 
er  there  is 
a  steamer 
3  a  railway 


■11 


about  two  miles;  they  then  proceed  by  another  steamer  to 
i'ortage  du  Foft;  here  wagons  are  used  for  a  short  distance. 
and  another  steamer  takes  them  to  Pembroke,  and  again  an- 
other from  that  point  to  Deux  Joachim,  where  for  the  present 
navigation  ceases  for  any  thing  larger  than  a  canoe  A  rail- 
road is  under  construction,  extending  from  Pembroke  to  Brock- 
vllle,  situated  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River. 

'« Immediately  below  the  city  of  Ottawa  the  river  Rideau  dis- 
charges into  the  Ottawa,  falling  gently  over  the  edge  of  a  lime- 
stone precipice  like  a  beautifully  transparent  '  curtain'  of 
water,  from  which  resemblance  i*.s  name  has  been  derived  ;  the 
fall  is  divided  into  two  portions  by  a  small  rocky  island,  which 
adds  greatly  to  the  picturesqueness  of  the  scene.  The  Rideau 
Falls  are  best  seen  from  a  boat. 

"  A  mile  lower  it  receives  from  the  north  its  greatest  tribu- 
tary, the  Gatincau,  which,  with  a  course  probably  of  four  hun- 
dred and  twenty  miles,  drains  an  area  of  twelve  thousand  square 
miles.  For  about  two  hundred  miles  the  upper  course  of  this 
river  is  in  the  unknown  northern  country.  At  the  farthest 
point  surveyed,  two  hundred  and  seventeen  miles  from  its 
mouth,  the  Gatineau  is  still  a  noble  stream,  a  thousand  feet 
wide,  diminished  in  depth,  but  not  in  width. 

"  Eighteen  miles  lower  down  the  Riviere  au  Lievre  enters 
from  the  north,  after  running  a  course  of  two  hundred  and 
sixty  miles  in  length,  and  draining  an  area  of  four  thousand 
one  hundred  miles.  Fifteen  miles  below  it  the  Ottawa  receives 
the  North  and  South  Nation  rivers  on  either  side,  the  former 
ninety-five  and  the  latter  a  hundred  miles  in  length.  Twenty- 
two  miles  farther  the  river  Rouge,  ninety  miles  long,  enters 
from  the  north.  Twenty-one  miles  lower  the  Riviere  du  Nord, 
a  hundred  and  sixty  miles  in  length,  comes  in  on  the  same  side, 
and  lastly,  just  above  its  mouth,  it  receives  the  river  Assump- 
tion, which  has  a  course  of  a  hundred  and  thirty  miles. 

"  From  Ottawa  the  river  is  navigable  to  Grenville,  a  distance 
of  fifty-eight  miles,  where  the  rapids  that  occur  for  twelve  miles 
are  avoided  by  a  succession  of  canals.  Twenty-three  miles 
lower,  at  one  of  the  mouths  of  the  Ottawa,  a  single  lock,  to 
avoid  a  slight  rapid  (St.  Anne's  Rapid),  gives  a  passage  into 
Lake  St.  Louis,  an  expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence  above  Montreal. 

"  The  remaining  half  of  the  Ottawa's  waters  find  their  way 
to  the  St.  Lawrence,  by  passing  in  two  channels  behind  the 
Island  of  Montreal  and  the  Isle  Jesus,  in  a  course  of  thirty- 
one  miles.  They  are  interrupted  virith  rapids,  still  it  is  by  one 
of  them  that  all  the  Ottawa  lumber  passes  to  market.  At 
Bout  de  risle,  therefore,  the  Ottawa  is  finally  merged  in  the 
St.  Lawrence,  a  hundred  and  thirty  miles  below  from  the  city 
of  Ottawa. 


(  N 


m 


m 


96 


OTTAWA    RIVER. 


"The  most  prominent  characteristic  of  the  Ottawa  is  its 
great  volume.  Even  above  the  town,  where  it  has  to  receive 
tributaries  equal  to  the  Hudson,  the  Shannon,  the  Thames  the 
1  weed,  the  8pey,  and  the  Clyde,  it  displays,  when  unconfined, 
?u^^?.  u^^  ^^^/.f  ""^®  ^^  strong,  boiling  rapid ;  and  when  at 
tne  highest,  while  the  north  waters  are  passing,  the  volume 
by  calculated  approximation,  is  fully  equal  to  that  passing 
JNiagara— that  ia,  double  the  common  volume  of  the  Ganges 

"  Taking  a  bird's-eye  view  of  the  valley  of  the  Ottawa,' we 
see  spread  out  before  us  a  country  equal  to  eight  times  the  State 
ot  Vermont,  or  ten  times  that  of  Massachusetts,  with  its  great 
artery,  the  Ottawa,  curving  through  it,  resembling  the  Rhine 
in  length  of  course,  and  the  Danube  in  magnitude. 

"  This  immense  region  overlies  a  variety  of  geological  form- 
ations, and  presents  all  their  characteristic  features,  from  the 
level  uniform  surface  of  the  Silurian  system,  which  prevails 
along  a  great  extent  of  the  Ottawa,  to  the  rugged  and  roman- 
tic ridges  in  the  metamorphio  and  primitive  formations,  which 
stretch  far  away  to  the  north  and  the  northwest. 

"A3  far  as  our  knowledge  of  the  country  extends,  we  find 
the  greater  part  of  it  covered  with  a  luxuriant  growth  of  red 
and  white  pine  timber,  making  the  most  valuable  forests  in  the 
world,  abundantly  intersected  with  large  rivers,  fitted  to  con- 
vey the  timber  to  market  when  manufactured. 

"  The  remaining  portion  of  it,  if  not  so  valuably  wooded, 
presents  a  very  extensive  and  advantageous  field  for  settlement 
Apart  from  the  numerous  townships  already  surveyed  and  partly 
settled,  and  the  large  tracts  of  good  land  interspersed  through- 
out the  timber  country,  the  great  region  on  the  upper  course 
of  the  western  tributaries  of  the  Ottawa,  behind  the  red  pine 
country  exceeds  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  in  extent,  with 
an  equal  climate  and  superior  soil.  It  is  generally  a  beautiful 
undulating  country,  wooded  with  a  rich  growth  of  maple,  beech, 
birch,  elm,  etc  ,  and  watered  with  lakes  and  streams  afFordinff 
numerous  mill-sites  and  abounding  in  fish.  Flanking  on  thi 
one  side  the  lumbering  country,  which  presents  an  excellent 
market  for  produce,  and  adjoining  Lake  Huron  on  the  other, 
tbe  situation,  though  comparatively  inland,  is  highly  advan- 
tageous. In  the  diversity  of  resources,  the  Ottawa  country 
above  described  presents  unusual  attractions  alike  to  agricul- 
tural and  commercial  enterprise." 


Otiawa  is  its 
has  to  receive 
he  Thames,  the 
len  unconfined, 
;  and  when  at 
ig,  the  volume, 
)  that  passing 
the  Ganges, 
he  Ottawa,  we 
times  the  State 
with  its  great 
ing  the  llhine 
le. 

jological  form- 
ures,  from  the 
<rhich  prevails 
id  and  roman- 
aations,  which 

tends,  we  find 

growth  of  red 

forests  in  the 

fitted  to  con- 

lably  wooded, 
or  settlement, 
'•ed  and  partly 
rsed  through- 
upper  course 
the  red  pine 

extent,  with 
ly  a  beautiful 
maple,  beech, 
ims  affording 
nking  on  the 

an  excellent 
m  the  other, 
ighly  advan- 
awa  country 
:e  to  agricul- 


97 


LAKE  GEORGE,  OR  IIORICON. 


Tki3  romantic  sheet  of  Tater,  whoso  beauties  are  almost  in- 
describable, lies  mostly  in  the  county  of  Warren,  N.  Y.,  27 
miles  north  of  Saratoga  Springs.     It  is  justly  celebrated  for  its 
varied  and  beautiful  scenery,  and  for  the  transparency  and 
purity  of  its  waters.    It  is  36  miles  long,  north  and  south,  and 
from  two  to  three  miles  wide ;  and  is  elevated  243  feet  above 
the  tide-water  of  the  Hudson,  although  its  waters  flow  north 
into  Lake  Champlain.     It  is  surrounded  by  high  and  pictur- 
esque liills,  sometimes  rising  to  mountain  height,  and  dotted 
with  numerous  islands,  said  to  count  as  many  as  there  are  days 
in  the  year ;  some  are  of  considerable  size,  and  cultivated ; 
while  others  are  only  a  barren  rock,  rising  majestically  out  of 
the  surrounding  waters.    The  wild  and  romantic  scenery  of  this 
I  lake  is  nowhere  surpassed.    The  bed  of  the  lake  is  a  handsome 
[yellowish  sand,  and  the  water  is  so  pure  and  transparent  as  to 
(render  the  bottom  visible  from  30  to  40  feet.    Here  the  delicious 
I  salmon-trout,  that  weigh  from  five  to  twenty  pounds,  are  found 
j  in  great  numbers,  and  of  the  finest  qualit;^.     Silver  trout,  brook 
j  trout,  pike,  pickerel,  perch,  and  several  other  kinds  of  fresh 
water  fish,  are  also  abundant.    Travelers  on  the  tour  from  the 
I  Springs  to  Canada  should  not  fail  to  visit  Lake  George ;  by  the 
French  called  Lac  Sacrament,  on  account  of  the  purity  of  its 
j  waters.    The  steamboat  «  Minnehaha"  runs  through  the  lake, 
from  Caldwell  to  the  landing  near  the  village  of  Ticonderoga,' 
wb'>nce  stages  run  to  Fort  Ticonderoga,  at  the  steamboat  land- 
jing  on  Lake  Champlain ;  where  steam  passage  boats,  on  their 
route  from  Whitehall  to  BurHngton  and  Rouse's  Point,  touch 
daily  during  the  season  of  navigation.    This  route  is  varied  in 
[scenery,  and  deeply  interesting  in  historical  incidents. 

The  romantic  village  of  Caldwell,  lying  at  the  south  end 
[of  the  lake,  contains  a  court-house  and  jail,  two  churches,  and 


I 


-  L 


■•    ;:iiui 


r 


!iiilf! 


98 


LAKE  GEORGE,  OK  HORICON. 


a  number  of  hau'lsorao  private  rosidences,  besides  Fort  IViHiam 
Henry  Hotel  and  the  Lake  House,  two  popular  public  housea, 
'whlcli  are  usually  thronged  with  fashionable  visitors  during  the 
Bummer  months. 

"  Lake  George  abounds  with  small  and  beautiful  islandt*. 
amonn-  the  moot  important  of  which  are  Diamond  Island,  Tea 
IsbincT,  and  Long  Island.  Roger's  liock  or  Slide,  and  Anthony  s 
Nose,  the  former  on  the  west  and  the  latter  on  the  east  side,  aio 
two  precipices  worthy  of  note.  Howe's  Landing,  just  behind  an 
island  at  the  outlet  of  the  lake,  denotes  the  spot  where  the  un- 
fortunate expedition  of  Abercrombie  landed,  and  derives  its 
name  from  Lord  Howe,  who  acccmpanied  and  fell  in  that  ex- 
pedition, in  1768. 

"  This  lake  and  its  vicinity  has  been  the  scene  of  several  im- 
portant battles.  One  whicH  has  been  generally  known  as  the 
Bnttlr  of  Lake  George,  was  fought  at  the  head  of  the  lake  in 
1755,  between  the  French  under  the  Baron  Dieskau,  and  the 
Englisli  under  Sir  Wm.  Johnson.  Dieskau  attacked  the  English 
in  their  encampment,  but  was  defeated  and  slain.  The  loss  of 
the  English  was  130  slain,  and  that  of  the  French  about  700.* 

"  Thy  most  shocking  transaction  in  the  vicinity  of  this  lake 
was  the  Massacre  at  Fort  William  Henry  in  1757.  A  British 
and  Provincial  army  having  been  collected  at  Fort  Edward  and 
Fort  William  Henry  under  Gen.  Webb,  for  the  reduction  of  the 
French  works  on  Lake  Champlain,  the  French  sent  a  large  array 
up  the  lake  under  Gen.  Montcalm,  for  their  defense.  Gen. 
Webb,  then  at  Fort  William  Henry,  learning  from  Maj.  Putnam 
that  this  force  had  entered  Lake  George,  returned  immediately 
to  Fort  Edward,  and  the  day  following  sent  Col.  Monroe,  with 
his  regiment,  to  reinforce  the  garrison  at  the  lake.  The  day 
after  Monroe's  arrival  the  French  appeared  at  the  fort,  laid 
siege  to  it,  and  demanded  its  surrender.  The  garrison,  con- 
sisting of  2,500  men,  defended  themselves  with  much  bravery 
for  several  days,  with  the  expectation  of  succor  from  Fort  Ed- 
ward.  But  as  none  came,  Monroe  was  obliged  on  the  9th  of 
August  to  capitulate.  By  the  articles  of  capitulation,  all  the 
public  property  was  to  be  delivered  to  Montcalm,  and  the  gar- 
rison were  to  march  out  with  their  arms  and  baggage,  and  to 
be  escorted  to  Fort  Edward,  on  condition  of  not  serving  against 
the  French  within  the  period  of  eighteen  months. 

♦•  The  garrison  had  no  sooi  r  marched  out  of  the  fort  than  a 
scene  of  perfidy  and  barbarity  comm^ced,  which  it  is  impos- 
Bible  for  language  to  describe.  Regardless  of  the  articles  of 
capitulation,  the  Indians  attached  to  the  French  army  fell  upon 

*  See  Thompson's  Vermont,  Part  II.,  page  8.  4 


Mi 


LAKE  OEOHOE,  OR  HORICON. 


99 


e  of  several  im- 
y  known  as  the 
d  of  the  lake  in 
ieskau,  and  the 
iked  the  English 
in.  The  loss  of 
ich  about  700. ' 
lity  of  this  lake 
757.  A  British 
ort  Edward  and 
reduction  of  ihe 
;nt  a  large  array 

defense.  Gen. 
ini  Maj.  Putnam 
led  immediately 
)1.  Monroe,  with 

lake.  The  day 
it  the  fort,  laid 
e  garrison,  con- 
1  much  bravery 
ir  from  Fort  Ed- 
i  on  the  9th  of 
tulation,  all  the 
m,  and  the  gar- 
baggage,  and  to 
1  serving  agains; 

IS. 

'  the  fort  than  a 
lich  it  is  impos- 
F  the  articles  of 
bi  army  fell  upon 

ige  8. 


the  defenseless  soldiers,  plupd'?ring  and  hiuiihiing  all  that  fell 
in  th^-ir  way.  The  French  otfioera  w. ro  i  l:o  .spectators  of  this 
bloody  scene;  nor  couM  .ill  thu  euUcaiies  of  Monrot  persuade 
them  to  furnish  the  piuini.sed  escort.  On  tliat  fatal  day  about 
1,500  of  the  English  v  ere  either  murdered  by  the  savages  or 
carried  by  them  into  captivity  never  to  return. 

•'  The  day  following  these  horrid  transactions,  Mnjor  Putnam 
was  dispatched  from  Fort  Edward  with  his  rangers  to  watch 
the  motions  of  the  enemy.  He  reached  Lake  George  just  nfter 
the  rear  of  the  enemy  had  left  the  shore,  and  the  scene  which 
was  presented  he  describes  a"  awful  indeed.  'The  fort  was 
entirely  destroyed ;  the  barracks,  out-houses,  and  buildings 
were  a  heap  of  ruins— the  cannon,  scores,  boats,  and  vessels 
were  all  carried  away.  The  fires  were  siill  burning — the  smoke 
and  ste.'^^h  offensive  and  suflFccating  Innumerable  fragments 
of  humai>  .skulls,  and  bones  and  carcasses  half  consumed,  were 
still  frying'  and  broiling  in  the  dec  ying  fires.  Dead  bodies 
mangled  wi  ch  scalping-knives  and  tomahawks,  in  all  the  wan- 
tonness of  Indian  barbarity,  »vere  everywhere  to  be  seen.  More 
than  100  women,  butchered  and  shockingly  mangled,  lay  upon 
the  ground  still  weltering  in  their  g^ore.  Devastation,  barbar- 
ity, and  horror  everywhere  appeared ;  and  the  spectacle  pre- 
sented, was  too  diabolical  and  awful  either  to  be  endured  or 
described.' " 


8TEAMEE   ON   LAKE   GEOEGE. 

A  NEW  steamboat  is  being  built  on  Lake  George  in  the  place 
qf  the  John  Jay,  burned  in  July  last.  She  is  145  feet  long 
and  2G  feet  wide.  The  boiler  and  furnace  are  placed  in  com- 
partments, incased  in  iron,  entirely  fire-proof,  no  expense  being 
spared  in  order  tc  make  her  a  beautiful  and  safe  passenger  boat. 

Her  name,  "  Minne ♦ha-ha,"  a  romantic  one,  is  selected 
with  great  appropriateness  from  Longfellow's  Hiawatha  • 

"  With  him  dwelt  his  dark-eyed  daughter, 
Wayward  as  the  Minnehaha; 
With  her  moods  of  shade  and  sunshine,  1 
Eyes  that  frowned  and  smiled  alternate, 
Feet  as  rapid  as  the  .-iver, 
Tresses  flowing  like  the  water, 
And  as  musical  a  laughter ; 
And  he  named  her  from  the  river, 
From  the  waterfall  he  named  her 
Minne-ha-ha — laughing  water. '^ 


V'l 


100 


FALLS    OF    TICONDEROGA. 


the  Falls  of  Ticonderoga,  situated  on  the  outlet  of  Lako 
George,  are  well  worthy  the  attentiou  of  tourists.  Here  are 
two  ir-^jortant  cascades  within  the  distance  of  two  or  three 
miles,  suiTounded  by  mountain  scenery  of  great  historic  in- 
terest. The  Copper  Falls,  near  the  village  of  .Mexandria,  are 
formed  by  a  succession  of  descents  of  upward  of  200  feet  within 
the  distance  of  a  mile,  aflfording  water-power  unsurpassed  by 
any  other  locality  in  the  State  for  safety  and  a  steady  flow  of 
water,  the  stream  not  being  subject  to  freshets.  The  Lower 
Fall,  in  the  village  of  Ticonderoga,  has  a  perpendicular  fall  of 
30  feet,  being  much  used  for  hydraulic  purposes.  The  ruins 
of  old  Fort  'Piconderoga,  two  miles  below  this  place,  are  situ- 
ated on  a  point  of  land  at  the  entrance  of  the  outlet  of  Lake 
George  into  Lake  Champlain,  standing  on  an  eminence  of  about 
60  feet,  overlooking  the  lake ;  the  ruins  are  plainly  visible  from 
the  water,  presenting  a  conspicuous  and  interesting  object. 
About  1,800  yards  southwest  stands  Mount  Defiance,  rising 
750  feet  above  the  lake,  overlooking  and  commanding  the  site 
of  Fort  Ticonderoga.  A  public  house,  for  the  accommodation 
of  visitors,  stands  near  the  steamboat  landing. 


DISTANCES   FROM  CALDWELL  TO   ALBA..  Y,  via  SARATOGA 


CALDWELL 0 

Glenn's  Falls,  Stage. .  9 
Moreau  Station  "  . .  5 
Saratoga  Springs.  .15 

Ballston  Spa 7 

Mechanicsville 13 

Junction  Al>)any  R.R.  6 
Waterford  ..,__,_  2 

Cohoes 1 

Troy 3 

ALBANY 6 


SPRINGS. 

0     ALBANY 0 

9     Troy 6 

14     Cohoes 3 

29     Waterford l 

36  Junction  Albany  R.R    2 

49     Mechanicsville 6 

55     Ballston  Spa 13 

2      57  Saratoga  Sppings.  .   7 


0 

6 

9 

10 

12 

18 
31 


on 


58     Moreau  Station 15      53 

61     Glenn's  Falls,  Stage. .  5      68 
67     CALDWELL     "      .9      67 


>utlet  of  Lako 
ts.  Here  are 
two  or  three 
t  historic  in- 
exandria,  are 
00  feet  within 
[Surpassed  by 
iteady  flow  of 
The  Lower 
[icular  fall  of 
J.  The  ruins 
ace,  are  situ- 
utlet  of  Lake 
ence  of  about 
J  visible  from 
isting  object. 
fiance,  rising 
iding  the  site 
icommodation 


t  SARATOGA 

....   0 

0 

....   6 

6 

....  3 

9 

....   1 

10 

R.R   2 

12 

....  6 

18 

....13 

31 

GS.  .    7 

82 

....15 

58 

'ge...  5 

68 

LAKE    CHAMPLAIIf. 


9      67 


One  of  the  most  interesting  and  lovely  bodies  of  water  in 
North  America  lies  between  the  States  of  New  York  and  Ver- 
mont, through  which  runs  the  boundary  line  from  near  White- 
hall to  lat.  45°,  being  a  distance  of  116  miles;  it  may  bo  said 
to  extend  four  miles  farther,  into  Canada,  making  the  whole 
length  of  the  lake  120  miles;  varying  from  half  a  mile  or  less 
to  twelve  miles  in  width.  Its  direction  is  nearly  north  and 
south,  and  it  is  a  long,  narrow,  and  deep  body  of  water,  dotted 
with  a  number  of  islands,  the  largest  of  which  belong  to  Ver- 
mont. From  Whitehall  to  Crown  Point  the  lake  is  quite  nar- 
row, but  here  it  begins  to  expand,  and  soon  becomes  three 
miles  wide,  still  increasing  northward  until  near  Burlington, 
where  it  spreads  to  its  greatest  width.  Missisquoi  Bay,  an 
extension  of  Lake  Champlain  on  the  northeast,  lies  mcstly  in 
Canada,  above  the  45th  degree  of  north  latitude.  Steamboats 
of  tue  first  class,  and  sloops  of  from  50  to  100  tons  burden, 
navigate  Lake  Champlain  its  wliole  length,  thence  dowu  the 
Sorelle,  or  Richelieu  River,  its  outlet,  to  St.  John's,  Canada, 
where  steamboat  navigation  ceases ;  a  total  distance  of  about 
140  miles.  This  lakers  also  connected  with  the  navigable 
waters  of  the  Hudson,  by  means  of  the  Champlain  Canal,  which 
extends  south,  a  distance  of  63  miles.  As  you  approach  near 
the  center  of  Lake  Champlain,  a  large  body  of  water  presents 
itself  to  view,  bordered  by  scenery  of  the  most  picturesque 
description;  the  headlands  which  are  seen  to  great  advantage, 
and  the  vast  ranges  of  mountains  on  either  side,  aro  truly  grand 
and  romantic.  The  highest  peak  of  the  Green  Muuntains, 
called  the  "  Camcrs  Hump,"  is  seen  on  the  east,  wlille  the 
high  ranges  of  the  mountains  of  Essex  County  are  seen  on  the 
west.    This  latter  range  of  mountain  peaks,  the  Adirondack 


u '  ■ 


t>.' 


102 


LAKE    CHAMPLAIN. 


1 ' 


i 

i 


group,  contains  the  highest  land  in  the  State  of  New  York, 
rising  in  some  places  to  the  height  of  6,000  feet  and  upward, 
abounding  with  iron  ore  and  timber  of  large  growth.  In  the 
streams  which  flow  into  this  lake  are  frequent  waterfalls  of 
great  beauty ;  and  the  fine  headlands,  with  numerous  indenta- 
tions and  bays  of  sin!:^ular  beauty,  only  need  to  be  seen  to  be 
admired.  Its  waters,  are  well  stored  with  salmon,  salmon  trout, 
sturgeon,  pickerel,  and  other  fish. 

"  Lake  Champlain  was  discovered  by  Samuel  Champlain  in 
July,  1609,  having  founded  the  colony  of  Quebec  in  1608;  in 
June,  1809,  he,  with  a  number  of  French  and  Indians,  pro- 
ceeded in  a  shallop  up  the  St.  Lawrence  and  river  Iroquoia, 
now  Richelieu,  till  stopped  by  the  Chambly  Rapids.  From  this 
place  he  determined  to  proceed  in  Indian  canoes,  but  the 
Frenchmen  manifested  great  reluctance,  and  only  two  would 
be  parsuaded  to  accompany  him.  With  these  and  about  sixty 
of  the  natives,  having  transported  their  canoes  by  the  rapids  on 
the  2d  of  July,  md,  proceeding  southward,  on  the  4th  of  July 
he  entered  the  lake 

"  Champlain  and  his  party  proceeded  along  the  west  shore, 
advancing  by  water  during  the  night  and  retiring  into  the 
forests  by  day,  to  avoid  being  discovered  by  the  Iroquois,  be- 
tween whom  and  the  Canada  Indians  a  war  was  then  carried  on. 
As  they  drew  near  the  enemy's  country  they  proceeded  with 
great  caution,  but  on  the  29th  of  July,  in  the  evening,  they 
fell  in  with  a  large  war  party  of  the  Iroquois.  Both  parties 
drew  up  to  the  shore,  and  the  night  was  spent  in  preparation 
for  battle,  and  in  singing  and  taunting  each  other.  In  the 
morning  an  engagement  took  place,  but  the  Frenchmen  being 
armed  with  muskets,  it  was  decided  in  favor  of  Champlain  and 
his  party,  a  large  number  of  the  Iroquois  being  slain  and  seve- 
ral taken  prisoners.  With  these  they  returned  immediately 
to  their  shallop.  Champlain  says  that  this  battle  was  fought 
in  lat.  43°  and  some  minutes,  and  the  place  is  supposed  to 
liave  been  on  the  west  shore  of  Lake  George.  The  present 
name  of  Lake  Champlain  was  given  by  its  discoverer  during  his 
first  visit,  as  he  informs  us  in  his  journal.  He  was  not 
drowned  in  its  waters,  as  has  been  sometimes  said,  but  died  at 
Quebec  in  1635.  One  of  the  Indian  names  of  this  lake  was 
Petawa-Bouque,  signifying  alternate  land  and  water,  in  allu- 


Another  is  said  to  have  been  Caniaderi-  Guarunte,  signifying 
the  mouth  or  door  of  the  country.  If  so,  it  was  very  appropriate, 
as  it  forms  the  gate-way  between  the  country  on  the  St.  Law- 


LAKE    CHAMPLAIN. 


103 


rence  and  that  on  the  Hudson.  In  more  recent  times  the  In- 
dians called  it  Corlear,  in  honor  of  a  Dutchman  who  saved  a 
war  party  of  Canada  Indians  from  being  destroyed  by  the  Mo- 
hawks in  1665. 

•*  The  first  steamboat  built  on  this  lake  commenced  running 
in  1809.  The  line  boats  have  always  been  favorably  known 
to  travelers  either  for  business  or  pleasure,  for  the  manner  in 
which  they  have  been  managed — their  neat  and  orderly  ap- 
pearance—obliging and  attentive  ofl&cers  and  efficient  crews. 
At  present  there  are  daily  lines  to  and  from  Whitehall  and 
Rouse's  Point,  stopping  afc  Ticonderoga,  Burlington,  Plattsburgh, 
and  intermediate  places,  connecting  with  the  various  railroads 
— also  numerous  ferry  boats,  propellers,  and  tow  boats,  besides 
more  than  300  sloops,  canal  boats,  barges,  etc." 

Champlain  Canal  connects  the  waters  of  the  Hudson  with 
Lake  Champlain.  It  is  64  miles  long,  40  feet  wide  at  the  top  and 
28  at  the  bottom,  with  a  navigable /(?e</<?r  at  Sandy  Hill  11  miles 
long.  It  has  21  locks,  14  by  90  feet.  Rise  from  the  Hudson, 
134  feet,  fa^l  to  the  lake,  54;  was  begun  in  1816,  finished  in 
1819,  and  cost  $1,079,872.  The  route  of  this  canal  is  interest- 
ing on  account  of  its  passip<5  through  a  section  of  country  reil- 
dered  memorable  by  important  military  operations.  It  passes 
in  part  along  the  line  of  Burgoyne's  advance  from  Lake  Cham- 
plain—near  the  scene  of  his  principal  battles — and  of  his  final 
surrender.  It  passes  near  Fort  Miller— Fort  Edward— the 
spot  where  Miss  M'Crea  was  murdered — Fort  Anne — the  tree  to 
which  Gen.  Putnam  was  bound  in  1767,  etc. 


Height  of  tihs  Principal  Moun-  Altitxtde  of  the  Pbincipal  Moun- 
tain Peaks  in  Vermont— Geeen  tains  Northern  New  York — 
MoTTiiTAiN  Bangs.  Adirondack  Ghottp. 


Name.  Altitude  above  Sua. 

Chin,  or  North  Peak,  Mans- 
field Mountain 4,279  ft. 

Camel's  Huinp,  Huntin,/on  4,183  " 

Shrewsbury  Mountain ." 4,086  " 

Nose,  or  South  Peak,  Mans- 
field Mountain 8,983  " 

Killiilgton  Peak,  Sherburne  8,924  " 
Equinox  Mountain,   Man- 
chester   8.708  " 

Ascutney  Mt,  Windsor. . . .  8,?!20  " 

Surface  of  Lake  Cuamplaut, 
"        Lake  George 
"       Lake  Ontario 


Namk. 
Mount  Marcy, 
Mount    Mcln- 

tire 

Mount  McMar- 

tin    

Dial  Mountain 
Whiteface  Mt. 


Altitude  above  Sea. 
1  5,467  ft. 
Essex    I 

\  5,183  « 
County. 

J  5.000  « 
4,900  " 
4  855  " 

Mount  8eward,Franklln  Co.  4,600  " 
Mount  Lvon.  Clinton  Co.  . .  A.nOft  »* 


above  tide 90  feet. 

"       "    248   '* 

«        «    234   " 


i.  1 


i  i 


h  I 


I    \ 


104  LIST    OF    STEAMERS,    ETC. 

V  . 

LIST  OF  STEAMERS  BUILT  AND  RimNINa  ON  LAKE  CHAM 

PLAIN  SINCE  1809. 

Unl't.        Name  Tons.     Where  built.  Remarks. 

1809 . .  Vermont* 167 . .  Burlington,  Vt.— sunk  Oct.,  181  *». 

1815. .Phoenix  (Ist) 886. .Vergennes,  Vt.— burnt  Sept.,  1819. 

1817.  .Champlain 128.  .Vergennes,  Vt.— burnt  1817. 

1819.  .Congress 209.  .Vergennes,  Vt— broken  up. 

1820.  .Phoenix  (2(1) 846.  .Vergennes,  Vt.— broken  up. 

1825 . .  Gen.  Greene 135 . .  Burfington,  Vt— broken  up.  ^ 

1827 . .  Franklin 812 . .  St  Albans,  Vt— broken  up. 

"    . .  Washington 184 . .  Essex,  N.  Y.- broken  up. 

1828 . .  M'Donough 188 . .  St  Albans,  Vt— lost  1841. 

1832 . .  Winooski 169 . .  Burlington,  Vt— broken  up. 

"    ..Water-Witch 107 ..  Fort  Caasin,  Vt— changed  to  schoonen 

1837 . .  Burlington 482 . . Shelbume,  Vt— broken  up. 

1838.. Whitehall 461..  Whitehall, N.  Y. -broken  up. 

1842 . .  Saranac 831 . .  Shelbume,  Vt— broken  up. 

"    ..Bouquet 81.. Essex,  N.  Y. 

1845. .Francis  Saltus 878 .. Whitehall,  N.  Y. 

1847 . .  United  States 666 . .  Shelburne,  Vt 

"    . .  Ethan  Allen 500 .  Shelburne,  Vt 

1851. .Boston 219 .. Shelburne,  Vt 

1852 .  .America 681 . . Whitehall,  N.  Y. 

1858.  .Canada 718.  .Whitehall,  N.  Y. 

1856. . Montreal 416. . Shelburne,  Vt. 

"    . .  Oliver  Bascom 860 . .  Whitehall,  N.  Y. 

STEAMERS  BUILT  ON  LAKE  GEORGE. 

Built.  Name.  Where  built.  Rem  irks. 

1817.  .Caldwell,  (1st) Ticonderoga— burn.  1821. 

1824.  .Mountaineer. Caldwell— condemned  1887. 

1888 . .  Caldwell,  (2d) Ticonderoga— broken  up. 

1852.  .John  Jay burnt,  July,  1856. 

1857 . .  Min-ne-ha-ha Caldwell. 


AMERICAN  STEAMERS  RUNNING  ON  LAKE  CHAMPLAIN,  185T. 

(day  and  night  line.) 

Name.  Tons.  From  and  To. 

AM.ERICA,  Capt.  Flagg  ....  681  Whitehall  to  Burlington  and 

Rouse's  Point. 

Canada,  Capt.  Davis 718         «  «  " 

United  States 566  '*  "  " 

Capt.  Wm.  Anderson. 

Francis  Saltus 373  Whitehall  to  Plattsburgh. 

Capt. 

Montreal^  L.  Ghambsrlin.  416  Eurlinsfton  to  Plattsburjrh. 

Bouquet,  Capt.  Barker  ...     81  Plattsburgh  to  St.  Albans,  Vt. 

Boston,  Capt.  Hinkley 219  Burlington  to  Rouse's  Point. 

♦  Built  and  run  by  Capt.  John  Winanta.    Fare  |7  from  Whitehall  to 
Bt.  John's,  Can. 


i ' 


STEAMBOAT    AND    RAILROAD    ROUTES. 


105 


FREIGHT   BOATS. 


LAKE  CHAM 


larkf). 
Oct.,  181\ 

Sept.,  1819. 

1917. 


V 


sn  up. 

sn  up. 

in  up. 

Qup. 

up. 

41. 

jn  up. 

igea  to  schoonet 

a  up. 

ten  up. 

a.  up. 


»E. 

ss. 

21. 

1887. 

ap. 

aly,  1856. 


y^IPLAIN,  1857. 

and  To. 

Burlington  and 
*oint. 


« 


?lattsburgh. 

Plattsburirli. 
>  St.  Albans"  Vt. 
Rouse's  Point. 


Ethan  Allen,    Capt.  Wriffht,  500    Whitehall  to  St.  John'3,  Can. 
[Oliver  Bascom,   "   Eldridge,  360 
Fames  H.  Hooker,  Propeller 


(( 


(« 


STEAMBOAT  AND  RAILROAD  ROUTE  FROM  WHITEHALL 
TO  BURLINGTON,  ROUSE'S  POINT,  AND  MONTREAL. 


Landings,  etc. 

'^HITEHALL,  N.  Y. 

Jenson,  Vt 

)rwell,    "    

Ticonderoga,  N.  Y.  . 
Larabee's  Point,  Vt. 

)rown  Point,  N.  Y. . 

*ort  Henry,       " 

Testport,  "     . 


Miles.        Stations,  etc. 

0    Montreal,  Can.  . . . 
13     St.  John's,        "    . . . 
7-20-  Rouse's  Point,  N.  Y.. 
4-24    Plattsburgh,        "    . 
1-25    Port  Kent,  «'    . 

8-33    Burlington,  Vt. 
8-41    Essex,  N.  Y........ 

9-50    Westport,  "    

12-62  Port  Henry,  N.  Y., 
Crown  Point,  "  . 
Larabee's  Point,  Vt 


sex, 

Jurlington,  Vt 14-76 

*ort  Kent,  N.  Y 10-86 

nattsburgh,  "    ....  15-101  Ticonderoga,  N.  Y. 

"iouse's  Point,  N.  Y.  .  25-126  Orwell,  Vt 

Jt.  John's,  Can 23-149  Benson,  **    

lONTREAL,  "    21-170  Whitehall,  N.  Y. 

FsuAL  Time  from  Whitehall  to  Rouse's  Point,  9  hours. 

"         "  Fare $3  00 

Rouse's  Point  to  Montreal,  2  hours. 

Through  Fare 4  50 


Miles. 

0 

21 

23-44 

25-69 

15-84 

10-94 

14-108 

12-120 

9-129 

8-137 

8-145 

1-146 

4-150 

7-157 

13-170 


(( 


om  Whitehall  to 


RAILROAD  ROUTE  FROM  WHITEHALL  TO  ALBANY. 
Stations.  Miles.  Total  Miles. 

WHITEHALL 0     0 

Fort  Anne 11     11 

Fort  Edward 12     23 

Moreau  Station 1     24 

Saratoga  Springs 15     39 

Ballston  Spa 7     46 

Mechanicsville. 13     69 

Wn4'A'M'<V>'n/l  Q  />>T 

••  t^!:-.-.'ilVi->A O XJi 

Troy 4  71 

ALBANY 6     ....'.'.'.'.  77 

Usual  Time,  3J  hours.    Fare,  $2  88. 


!»'l 


•rr 


106 


WHITEHALL. 


!i!i 


"l! 


The  village  of  Whitehall,  77  miles  north  of  Albany  by 
railroad  route,  is  situated  in  a  narrow  valley  at  the  head 
of  Lake  Champlain,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Champlaiu 
Canal  with  the  lake,  being  a  secure  and  important  naval 
station  in  time  of  war.  The  village  was  incorporated  in  1820, 
and  now  contains  four  churches,  three  hotels,  a  bank,  30  stores 
of  different  kinds,  several  storehouses,  and  extensive  forwarding 
houses ;  two  ship-yards  and  two  dry  docks,  where  are  built  and 
repaired  steamboats,  lake  craft,  and  canal  boats ;  machine-shops, 
brick-yards,  tanneries,  and  other  manufacturing  establishments. 
Population  about  4,000. 

Besides  the  daily  line  of  steamers  running  from  Whitehall  to 
Burlington,  Plattsburgh,  and  Rouse's  Point  on  the  north,  the 
Saratoga  and  Whitehall  Railroad  extends  40  miles  south,  to 
Saratoga  Springs,  and  a  branch  ra'lroad  extends  east  to  Rut- 
land, Vt.,  connecting  with  the  Rutland  and  Burlington  Rail- 
road, thus  forming  speedy  facilities  for  reaching  New  York  and 
Boston  by  railroad  routes. 

In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Whitehall  are  high  and  rugged 
hills,  while  to  the  south  lies  the  valley  formed  by  Wood  Creek, 
heading  near  the  banks  of  the  Hudson.  Through  this  valley, 
during  the  old  French  War  of  1759,  and  the  Revolutionary  War 
of  1776,  the  French,  the  British,  and  the  American  armies 
each  marshaled  their  forces  preparatory  to  attack,  or  on  their 
retreat.  This  place  was  formerly  called  Skeenesborough. 
The  Indian  name  was  said  to  be  Kah-sha-quah-na,  or  place 
where  dip  fish.  Here,  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  for  a 
time,  was  the  rendez  rous  of  the  American  forces ;  this  point 
and  Lake  George  being  the  only  two  accessible  approaches  from 
Canada,  by  the  invading  foe,  under  Gen.  Burgoyne.  Here,  too, 
during  the  old  French  W.ir,  Gen.  Putnam  distinguished  him 
self,  both  in  battle  and  in  an  adroit  escape  from  Indian  foes,  hav- 

Skeenesborough,  and  swam  his  horse  to  the  opposite  shore,  thus 
eluding  their  pursuit.  Peaceful  pursuits  and  pleasure  now 
render  this  place  a  great  thoroughfare. 


107 


of  Albany  by 
sy  at  the  head 
the  Champlain 
aportant  naval 
orated  in  1820, 
bank,  30  stores 
sive  forwarding 
re  are  built  and 
machine-shops, 
establishments. 

im  Whitehall  to 
the  north,  the 
miles  south,  to 
is  east  to  Rut- 
irlington  Rail- 
New  York  and 

igh  and  rugged 
J  Wood  Creek, 
Lgh  this  valley, 
olutionary  War 
merican  armies 
ack,  or  on  their 
Uceenesborough. 
ih-na,  or  place 
ary  War,  for  a 
'ces;  this  point 
approaches  from 
ne.  Here,  too, 
inguished  hira 
adian  foes,  hav- 

.    WIT  1 A    m  runi-wi     rtT 

(site  shore,  thus 
plea^re  now 


%m 


TRIP  FROM  y/IIITEHALL  TO  BURLINGTON  AND 
ROUSE'S  POINT. 


This  excursion,  during  the  summer  months,  is  the  most  grand 
and  interesting  of  any  of  similar  extent  in  North  America — 
passing  through  a  romantic  lake,  with  high  mountains  in  the 
distance,  and  past  scenes  rendered  classic  by  their  associations 
with  events  chat  occurred  during  the  old  French  and  Revolu- 
tionary wars. 

On  leaving  the  new  steamboat  wharf,  about  one  mile  north  of 
Whitehall,  an  interest  is  at  once  excited  in  the  breast  of  all 
intelligent  travelers.  The  hills  rise  abruptly  to  the  height  of 
several  hundred  feet,  while  the  lake  or  outlet  of  Wood  Creek  is 
hemmed  in  for  several  miles  by  rocky  cliffs.  The  Elbow,  the 
JN'arrowSy  the  Pulpit,  and  other  names,  are  given  to  the  most 
interesting  points. 

Benson,  13  mile"  below  Whitehall,  is  the  first  steamboat 
landing.  Here  the  waters  begin  to  widen  to  about  half  a  mile 
in  width. 

Orwell,  seven  miles  farther,  is  another  steamboat  landing. 
Here  the  lake  widens  from  one  to  two  miles. 

TieoNDEROGA,  24  miles  north  of  Whitehall,  and  four  miles 
east  of  the  foot  of  Lake  George,  is  a  sacred  and  romantic  spot, 
where  is  a  convenient  steamboat  landing  and  a  good  hotel,  be- 
sides the  celebrated  ruins  of  the  old  Fort. 

Fort  Ticonderoga. — The  ruins  of  this  old  fortification  are 
situated  in  the  town  of  Ticonderoga,  Essex  Co.,  on  the  west  side 
of  Lake  Champlain,  at  the  entrance  of  the  outlet  of  Lake  George, 
24  miles  north  of  Whitehall.  This  place  was  originally  called 
Che-o7i-(ler-o-ga  by  the  Indians,  signifying,  in  their  language, 
noise,  and  applied  to  the  falls  in  the  outlet  of  Lake  George ;  its 
name  was  afterward  slightly  changed  by  the  French  into  its 


S''j 


H  <  i 

mi 


kt ; 


f" 


(      ,; 


108 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSE  S    POINT. 


present  appellation,  which  it  has  borne  ever  since  ij;  was  first 
occupied  and  fortified  by  them  in  1766.  The  fort  was  at  first 
named  Fort  Carillon  ^  but  afterward  called  Fort  Ticonderoga 
by  the  English  and  Americans  This  fortification  cost  the 
French  government  a  large  sum  of  money,  and  was  considered 
very  strong,  both  by  nature  and  art.  It  stands  on  a  point  of 
land  elevated  70  feet  above  Lake  Champlain,  being  surrounded 
on  three  sides  by  water,  and  on  the  northwest  it  was  defended 
by  strong  breastworks.  Mount  Independence,  on  the  opposite 
or  east  side  of  the  lake,  was  also  fortified,  and  some  of  the  in- 
trenchments  are  still  visible,  elevated  110  feet  above  the  lake, 
and  overlooking  the  peninsula  of  Ticonderoga.  After  several 
sanguinary  conflicts  in  this  vicinity,  and  under  the  very  walls 
of  the  fort,  in  which  several  thousand  lives  were  sacrificed,  this 
important  military  position  was  tamely  evacuated  by  the  French 
in  1759,  and  given  up  to  the  British  army  under  Lord  Amherst ; 
who  retained  possession  until  it  was  taken  by  surprise  by  Col. 
Ethan  Allen,  of  the  American  army,  in  1775.  He  is  said  to 
have  entered  the  fort  through  a  subterraneous  passage  from  the 
south,  extending  to  the  lake ;  surprising  the  commandant  in  his 
bed  before  he  was  aware  of  his  danger,  and  in  his  characteristic 
way  required  the  officer  to  surrender.  He  asked  to  whom  ? 
"  Whyi  to  Jehovah  and  the  Continental  Congress,  to  he  sure" 
was  his  laconic  reply.  In  1777,  the  British  army,  under  Gen. 
Burgoyne,  on  their  route  to  Saratoga,  appeared  in  array  before 
Ticonderoga,  when  Gen.  St.  Clair,  the  American  commander, 
was  forced  tc  evacuate ;  the  enemy  having  erected  a  battery  on 
Mount  Defiance,  in  the  rear,  elevated  720  feet  above  the  lake, 
which  overlooked  and  completely  commanded  this  fortification, 
which  was  before  considered  almost  impregnable ;  it  then  re- 
mained in  the  hands  of  the  British  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
Since  that  time  it  has  been  sufiered  to  go  to  decay,  and  now 
presents  one  of  the  inost  interesting  ruins  of  the  kind  in  this 
country,  and  is  annually  visited  by  a  great  number  of  travelers. 
Near  by,  delightfully  situated  on  the  lake  shore,  is  a  well-kept 
hotel  for  the  accommodation  of  visitors.    Here  steamboats,  dur- 


ll 


^1 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSe's    POINT. 


109 


ttce  U  was  first 
ort  was  at  first 
•t  Ticonderoga 
ation  cost  the 
was  considered 
!s  on  a  point  of 
ing  surrounded 
t  was  defended 
on  the  opposite 
!ome  of  the  in- 
ibove  the  lake, 

After  several 
the  very  walls 
sacrificed,  this 
.  by  the  French 
Lord  Amherst ; 
irprise  by  Col. 

He  is  said  to 
issage  from  the 
mandant  in  his 
3  characteristic 
3ked  to  whom  ? 
'sSf  to  be  sure" 
ly,  under  Gen. 
in  array  before 
.n  commander, 
>d  a  battery  on 
above  the  lake, 
is  fortification, 
[e;  it  then  re- 
ose  of  the  war. 
lecay,  and  now 
e  kind  in  this 
»er  of  travelers. 
,  is  a  well-kept 
eamboats,  dur- 


ing the  season  of  navigation,  daily  land  and  receive  passengers 
on  their  route  from  Whitehall  to  Rouse's  Point. 

The  following  account  of  the  defkat  of  the  British  at 
Ticonderoga,  in  1759,  is  taken  from  the  "Memoirs  of  an 
American  Lady,"  written  by  Mrs.  Grant : 

"  The  army,  under  the  command  of  Gen.  Abercrombie,  crossed 
Lake  George  on  the  5th  of  July,  and  landed  without  opposition 
They  proceeded  in  four  columns  to  Ticonderoga,  and  displayed 
a  spectacle  unprecedented  in  the  New  World.  An  army  of  six- 
teen thousand  men,  regulars  and  provincials,  with  a  train  of 
artillery,  and  all  the  necessary  provisions  for  an  active  cam- 
paign or  regular  siege,  followed  by  a  fleet  of  batteaux,  pontons, 
etc.  Ihey  set  out  wrong,  hr  nrever,  by  not  having  Indian  guides, 
who  are  alone  to  be  depended  on  in  such  a  place.  In  a  short 
time  the  columns  fell  in  upon  each  other,  and  occasioned  much 
confusion.  The  advance  guard  of  the  French,  which  had  re- 
tired before  them,  were  equally  bewildered,  and  falling  in  with 
each  other  m  this  confusion,  a  skirmish  ensued,  in  which  the 
French  lost  above  three  hundred  men,  and  the  English,  though 
successful  m  this  first  rencontre,  lost  as  much  as  it  was  possible 
to  lose,  in  one  man— for  here  it  was  that  the  valiant  Lord  Howe, 
the  second  in  command,  fell  mortally  wounded.  He  was  shot 
|trom  behind  a  tree,  probably  by  some  Indian;  and  the  whole 
larmy  were  inconsolable  for  a  loss  they  too  well  knew  to  be 
ijrpcpfxPci  Dio. 

"  The  fort  is  in  a  situation  of  pecuUar  natural  strength;  it 
lies  on  a  little  peninsula,  with  Lake  Champlain  on  one  side,  and 
I  narrow  opemng  communicating  with  Lake  George  on  the 
jtner.  This  garrison,  which  was  well  prepared  for  attack,  and 
[almost  impregnable  from  situation,  was  defended  by  between 
lour  and  five  thousand  men.  An  engineer  sent  to  reconnoiter 
was  of  opinion  that  it  might  be  attacked  without  waiting  for  the 
artillery.  The  fatal  resolution  was  taken  without  coLultin' 
those  who  were  best  qualified  to  judge  "«"i""t, 

"I,  can  not  enter  into  the  dreadful  detail  of  what  followed 
(.  ertainly  never  was  infatuation  equal  to  this.    The  forty-second 

Smn'nlTh  '^'""r  '""K^"'^^'  '^  ^''''^'^  reputaUon,  aSd 
commanded  by  a  veteran  of  great  experience  and  iiHtary  skill, 

^Ijvnr?;.       "T '''''''^'^.  '^^  *^^  *^^«*  «^«et,  and  of  the  sur- 
(yivors,  every  officer  retired  wounded  off  t,h«  fi^i'l      np  +i,„  ^^^^ 

offiopr<f^'T"l'  ^''^  ^?'?'''  "^^^^  ^'^^^'  including  all  thelfidd 

n^JLr.  ^?.^""^^^  ^«i^g«  co^ld  show  mo^e  determined  cour- 

age  than  this  brave  army  did-standing  four  hours  under  a 

constant  discharge  of  cannon  and  musketry  from  barricades  on 


Mi, 


no 


WHITKIIALL    TO    ROUSES    POINT. 


I  '1  11 


wiiich  it  was  impossible  for  tlicm  to  make  the  least  impression. 
Gen.  Abercrombie  saw  the  fruitless  waste  of  blood  that  wag 
c\ery  hour  increasing,  and  ordered  a  retreat,  which  was  very 
precipitate ,  so  much  so,  that  they  crossed  the  lake,  and  re- 
gained their  camp  on  the  other  side,  the  same  night.  Two 
thousand  men  were  killed,  wounded,  or  taken  in  this  disastrous 
engagement;  which  was,  however,  quickly  succeeded  by  the 
dear-bought  conquest  of  Quebec,  where  fell  both  the  rival  com- 
manders, Wolff:  and  Montcalii." 

Mount  Defiance,  about  one  mile  southwest  of  Fort  Ticon- 
deroga,  on  the  south  side  of  the  outlet  to  Lake  George,  is  a  bold 
promontory,  elevated  about  800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake 
While  the  ascent  from  the  water  or  eastern  face  is  quite  steep 
and  difficult,  the  approach  from  the  west  is  easy.  It  was  from 
this  quarter  that  Gen.  Burgoyne,  in  1777,  ascended  this  moun- 
tain ond  planted  several  pieces  of  artillery— obliging  the  Amer- 
icans to  evacuate  the  fort,  which  was  before  considered  almost 
impregnable.  The  top  of  this  eminence  gives  a  grand  view  of 
Lake  Champlain  and  the  surrounding  country,  and  is  well 
worthy  of  a  visit,  which  can  easily  be  accomplished  on  foot. 

The  village  of  Ticonderoga,  two  miles  west  of  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  is  situated  on  the  outlet  of  Lake  George,  where  is  a  thriv- 
ing settlement,  surrounded  by  picturesque  mountain  scenery. 
One  or  two  miles  farther  west,  on  the  road  to  Lake  George,  is 
situated  another  village,  called  Upper  Ticonderoga,  or  Alex- 
andria. Here  is  a  most  beautiful  fall  of  water,  affording  im- 
mense hydraulic  power,  a  small  part  of  which  is  only  used  for 
propelling  machinery.  The  steamboat  landing,  at  the  foot  of 
Lake  George,  is  about  one  mile  west  of  the  latter  place,  the 
whole  distance  to  Lake  Champlain  being  four  miles.  The  dis- 
tance to  Caldwell,  at  the  head  of  Lake  George,  is  36  miles. 

Larabkk's  Point,  Vt.,  one  mile  from  the  landing  at  Fort 
Ticonderoga,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  lake,  is  a  regular  steam- 
boat landing.     Here  the  lake  expands  from  one  to  two  miles  in 

width. 

Chimney  Point,  nine  miles  north  of  Ticonderoga,  is  also 
another  landing  on  the  east  side  of  the  lake,  although  not  now 
frequented  by  the  steamers. 


WrnTKMALL    TO    Knt'SK  8    POINT. 


Ill 


b  impression. 
lod  that  wag 
ich  was  very 
ake,  and  re- 
night.  Two 
lis  disastrous 
eded  by  the 
18  rival  com- 

Fort  Ticon- 
rge,  is  a  bold 
si  of  the  lake 
8  quite  steep 

It  was  from 
d  this  moun- 
ig  the  Amer- 
dered  almost 
rand  view  of 

and  is  well 
d  on  foot. 

Lake  Cham- 
jre  is  a  thriv- 
tain  scenery. 
ke  George,  is 
)ga,  or  ^/ex- 
affording  im- 
only  used  for 
it  the  foot  of 
ter  place,  the 
es.  The  dis- 
36  miles. 
Lding  at  Fort 
Bgular  steam- 
)  two  miles  in 

eroga,  is  also 
ough  not  now 


"  Here  the  French  commenced  their  first  settlement  upon  the 
lake  in  1731.  When  Crown  Point  fell  into  the  handa  of  the 
English,  in  1759,  this  settlement  was  abandoned,  and  the  re- 
mains of  the  chimneys,  which  they  had  erected  in  their  huts, 
probably  suggested  to  the  first  English  settlers  the  name  of 
Chimney  Point.  The  stone  windmill,  mentioned  by  Kalm  as 
being  one  or  two  musket-shots  to  the  east  of  Fort  Frederick,  and 
as  having  five  or  six  small  cannon  mounted  in  H  in  1749,  and. 
which  has  been  supposed  to  have  given  name  to  this  point,  was 
most  probably  at  the  place  opposite,  marked  by  the  ruins  of 
what  is  called  Grenadier's  Battery." 

Ckowx  Point,  ten  miles  north  of  Ticonderoga,  on  the  west 
side  of  Lake  Champlain,  presents  an  interesting  appearance 
from  the  water.  The  ruins  of  the  old  fortifications  are  situated 
on  a  neck  of  land  running  into  the  lake ;  the  embankments  are 
visible,  and  indicate  an  immense  amount  of  labor  expended  to 
render  this  point  invulnerable  to  an  approaching  foe,  whether 
by  land  or  water ;  yet  it  was  taken  by  surprise  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  Revolutionary  struggle. 

"  The  French  first  established  themselves  here  in  1731,  and 
erected  a  fort  which  they  called  Fort  St.  Frederick,  from 
Frederick  Maurepas,  the  French  Secretary  of  State.  At  this 
place  the  French  kept  a  garrison,  and  from  it,  during  the 
colonial  wars,  sent  out  their  parties  of  French  and  Indians  to 
destroy  the  frontier  English  settlements  and  massacre  the  in- 
habitants. When  Kalm  visited  this  place  in  1749,  there  was 
considerable  settlement  around  the  fort,  with  well- cultivated 
gardens.  Within  the  fort  was  a  neat  little  church.  The  fort 
was  built  upon  the  brow  of  a  steep  bank  of  the  lake,  but  a  short 
distance  from  the  water,  and  the  remains  of  its  bomb-proof 
covered  way,  ovens,  etc.,  are  still  to  be  seen,  though  in  a  very 
dilapidated  state.  The  small  circle  to  the  southeast  of  this  de- 
notes the  site  of  Grenadier's  Battery,  and  the  two  small  paral- 
lelograms to  the  southwest  of  the  latter  place,  the  situation  of 
two  strong  redoubts. 

"  On  the  approach  of  the  British  army  under  Gen.  Amherst, 
in  1759,  the  French  abandoned  this  fort  and  retired  to  the 
north  end  ol^the  lake.  Amherst  took  immediate  possess^,  but 
instead  of  repairing  the  old  works,  began  a  new  fort,  which  was 
called  Crown  Point,  about  200  yards  to  the  southwest,  on  higher 
and  more  commanding  ground.  This  fort  was  never  completed, 
as  is  evident  from  an  examination  of  the  ditch,  glacis,  etc. ,  at 
the  present  day,  although  it  has  been  said  that  the  British 
government  expended  here  no  less  than  £2,000,000  sterling. 


Mm 


f- 


fi 


I 


! 


■II 


illi 


III!! 

511!: 

illiHl 


112 


"WrilTKIIALL    TO    R0U8K8    POINT. 


♦'  This  fort  was  taken  by  surprise  by  a  party  of  Grezn  Moun- 
tain Boys,  under  Seth  Warner,  on  tlie  same  day  that  Ticonde- 
roga  surrendered  to  Ethan  Allen. 

'*  The  width  of  the  peninsula  upon  which  these  works  stood  is 
one  mile,  and  is  in  no  part  much  elevated  above  the  site  of  the 
principal  fort,  but  there  is  a  considerable  mountain  on  the  west 
side  of  liulwagga  Bay,  the  nearest  summit  of  which  is  only  IJ 
miles  from  the  fori,  and  elevated  400  feet  above  it.  The  highest 
is  distant  2|  miles,  and  elevated  UOO  feet.  The  whole  peninsula 
is  made  up  of  dark  limestone,  covered  in  most  parts  with  only 
a  slight  depth  of  earth,  so  that  works  1  pon  it  can  not  be  assailed 
by  regular  advances.  The  width  botwoon  Crown  Point  and 
Chimney  Point  is  only  about  hnlf  a  mile.  From  Crown  Point 
to  Split  Kock  the  average  widtL  uf  the  lake  is  about  three  and 
a  half  miles." 

Port  Henry,  on  the  west  side  of  the  lake,  is  situated  on 
Cedar  Point,  at  the  mouth  of  Bulwagfra  Bay,  which  separates 
Crovrn  Point  from  the  mainland.  Here  are  the  works  of  the 
Port  Henry  Iron  Company,  with  iron  ore  of  good  quality  in 
the  vicinity. 

WESTPoaT,  50  miles  north  of  Whitehall,  is  situateu  on 
Northwest  Bay,  on  the  west  side  of  Lake  Champlain.  It  con- 
tains 700  or  800  inhabitants,  and  is  a  thriving  place.  A  horje 
ferry-boat  here  plies  across  the  lake,  running  to  Basin  Harbor, 
Vermont. 

Basin  Harbor,  one  of  the  best  on  the  lake,  is  in  the  town 
of  Fcrrisburgh,  Vt.,  and  is  five  miles  west  from  the  city  of 
Vergcnnes,  and  is  the  landing  for  it. 

Fort  Cassin,  three  miles  north  of  Basin  Harbor,  and  on  the 
north  side  of  ^'h'i  mouth  oflOtter  Creek,  was  formerly  a  landing 
place  of  passeuj  I  '  i)V  Vergerne«  It  is  eight  miles  from  the 
city  of  Ver£  inrj^,  wb.jre  Mo  .Jonough's  fleet  was  fitted  out,  with 
which  he  gained  his  victory.  Fort  Cassin  takes  its  n<ame  from 
Lieut.  i(Dassin,  of  the  navy,  who,  with  a  small  breas<  ^rk  at  this 
place,  and  less  than  200  men,  commanded  by  himsel.  md  Capt. 
Thornton,  of  the  artillery,  on  the  14th  of  May,  1814,  repulsed 
a  large  British  force  in  an  attempt  to  enter  the  creek  for  the 
purpose  of  destroying  the  .'.merican  flotilla  before  it  should  be 
ready  for  service. 


WHITEHALL   TO    ROUSk's   POINT. 


113 


Gresn  Moun- 
that  Ticonde- 

works  stood  is 
the  sito  of  the 
in  on  the  west 
lich  is  only  1  ^ 
The  highest 
tiole  peninsula 
irts  with  only 
lot  be  assailc'l 
m  Point  and 
Crown  Point 
»out  three  and 


is  situated  on 

biich  separates 

works  of  the 

)od  quality  in 

i  situateu  on 
ilain.  It  con- 
ace.  A  horje 
Basin  Harbor, 

is  in  the  town 
a  the  city  of 

ir,  and  on  the 
jrly  a  landing 
ailes  from  the 
itted  out,  with 
its  name  from 
st^'ork  at  this 
seL  md  Capt. 
L814,  repulsed 
creek  for  the 
e  it  should  be 


Split  Rock  ha«  been  regarded  as  one  of  the  greatest  natural 
curiositios  on  the  lake,  and  is  one  which  did  not  escape  the 
notice  of  the  earliest  French  explorers.     RocherFendu  occupies 
a  conspicuous  place  on  Charlevoix's  map  of  1744.    The  part  de- 
tached contains  about  half  an  acre,  rises  about  30  feet  aboye 
the  water,  is  covered  with  bushes,  and  is  separated  about  twelve 
feet  from  the  main  rock.    Some  have  supposed  the  chasm  to 
have  been  produced  by  the  breaking  oflF  of  the  promontory  in 
consequence  of  being  undermined  by  the  lake,  or  by  Eome  great 
convulsion  of  nature.    But  the  slightest  examination  shows  that 
the  rocky  point  was  here  originally  crossed  by  what  geologists 
i  call  a  dike,  the  materials  of  which  have  been  washed  out,  form- 
ing a  chasm  in  the  more  solid  rock,  through  which  tl     lake 
1  flows  when  high.     The  chasm,  instead  of  being  unfathomable, 
[as  some  have  represented,  is  so  shallow  that  no  water  flows 
j  through  when  the  lake  is  low.    A  few  rods  south  of  Split  Rock 
stands  a  light-house.     The  width  of  the  lake  between  Split 
j  Rock  and  Thompson's  Point  is  only  about  a  mile.    From  this 
place  the  width  of  the  lake  increases  toward  the  north,  and  at 
\McJ\reirs  Ferry,  between  Charlotte  landing  and  the  village  of 
[Essex,  it  wants  20  rods  of  three  miles. 

The  village  of  Essex,  61  miles  from  Whitehall,  is  hand- 

Isomely  situated  on  the  west  side  of  Lake  Champlain,  opposite 

Charlotte  Landing,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  horse 

i  ferry-boat.    Population  about  700.    The  lake  here  expands  to 

I  three  or  four  miles  in  width,  and  presents  a  large  expanse  of 

'water  toward  the  north.     The  Green  Mountains  of  Vermont, 

and  the  Adirondack  Group  of  Essex  County,  are  here  seen 

I  stretching  north  and  south  in  vast  mountain  peaks  and  ridges. 

[The  CameVs  Hump,  being  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  the  for- 

!  mer,  is  overlooked  by  Mount  Marcy,  on  the  New  York  side  of 

\  the  lake,  the  latter  being  elevated  5,467  feet,  or  upward  of  one 

mile  above  the  tiHo  wnt.«ra  r\f  ti»o  it»/)o/>«  .  ^^a a.  j.i__'_ 

noble  river  has  its  n.ost  northern  source. 

Four  Brothers  are  four  small  islands  lying  about  seven 
miles  southwest  from  Burlington,  and  being  out  of  the  usual 


''If 


IBH 


114 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSE  S    POINT. 


mi 


m\ 


line  of  navigation,  they  are  resorted  to  by  gulls  and  other 
water-fowl  for  the  purpose  of  raising  their  young.  On  Charle- 
voix's map  of  ru  they  are  called  Jsle  de  Quatre  Vents. 
.  Juniper  Island  lies  about  three  miles  southwest  from  Bur- 
lington—is composed  of  slate  rock,  with  precipitous  banks 
about  thirty  feet  high,  and  covered  with  about  a  dozen  acres  of 
good  soil.     A  light-house  was  erected  here  in  182(5. 

Rock  Dunder  is  a  solitary  rock  rising  out  of  the  water,  be- 
tween Juniper  Island  and  Pottier's  Point,  to  the  height  of  about 
thirty  feet. 

Burlington,  Vt.,  76  miles  from  Whitehall,  25  miles  from 
Pittsburgh,  and  50  miles  from  Rouse's  Point  by  steamboat 
route,  is  delig.itfully  situated  on  Burlington  Bay,  on  the  east 
shore  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  the  most  important  place  in 
the  State.  It  possesses  a  convenient  and  safe  harbor  for  steam- 
boats and  lake  craft.  The  United  States  government  have  here 
erected  a  breakwater,  which  protects  the  shipping  from  westerly 
winds,  and  is  a  great  addition  to  the  security  of  the  harbor. 
In  1860  it  contained  a  population  of  6,110  inhabitants;  the 
University  of  Vermont,  founded  in  1791,  occupying  four  spa- 
cious edifices,  and  having  a  medical  school  attached  to  it ;  the 
Episcopal  institute,  a  court-house  and  jail,  eiglit  churches  of 
dififerent  denominations,  an  academy,  and  two  female  semina- 
ries; three  banking-houses,  several  well-kept  hotels,  and  a 
number  of  stores  of  different  kinds,  besides  several  factories 
and  mills,  and  almost  every  kind  of  mechanic  establishments. 
About  1^  miles  distant,  on  the  falls  of  the  Onion  River,  is  a 
thriving  manufacturing  pl^ie  called  W'mooskU  whei-e  are  lo- 
cated  several  large  factories  and  mills. 

Burlington  is,  no  doubt,  destined  rapidly  to  increase  in  wealth 
and  population,  from  the  fact  of  here  centering  several  impor- 
tant lines  of  railroad  travel,  extending  from  Boston  by  two 
routes,  through  Montpelier  and  through  Rutland.  This  rail- 
road and  steamboat  communication  extends  across  Lake  Cham- 
plain  to  Plattsburgh  and  Rouse's  Point,  running  north  to 
Montreal,  Canada,  and  west  to  Ocrdensburgh,  N.  Y. 


ills  and  other 

J.     On  Charle- 

?  Vents. 

vest  from  Bur- 

;ipitous  banks 

dozen  acres  of 

(5. 

the  water,  be- 

tieight  of  about 

25  miles  from 
by  steamboat 
y,  on  the  east 
rtant  place  in 
bor  for  steam- 
lent  have  here 
from  westerly 
»f  the  harbor, 
labitants;  the 
niig  four  spa- 
ded to  it ;  the 
t  churches  of 
jraale  semina- 
hotels,  and  a 
eral  factories 
stablisLments. 
)n  River,  is  a 
whei'e  are  lo- 

ease  in  wealth 
leveral  impor- 
•oston  by  two 
i.  This  rail- 
3  Lake  Cham- 
ing  north  to 


I 


'r 


'fl 


Uiillil 


!     |l 


'Ill 


116 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSE  S    POINT. 


Its  advantages  are  now  great,  and  its  situation  moat  beauti- 
ful, overlooking  the  lake,  with  its  bays,  islands,  and  adjacent 
scenery — the  passing  steamboats  and  other  vessels — and  pos- 
sesses a  beauty  of  location  probably  unsurpassed  by  any  other 
place  in  the  Union.  In  trade  and  commerce  it  is  closely  allied 
with  the  interests  of  the  State  of  New  York.  Steamboats  stop 
here  daily  on  their  route  from  Whitehall  to  Rouse's  Point ;  a 
steamboat  also  plies  from  this  place  to  Port  Kent,  on  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  lake,  a  distance  of  ten  miles,  and  thence  to 
Plattsburgh,  25  miles. 

The  principal  hotels  in  Burlington  are  the  American  Hotel, 
the  Exchange  Hotel,  and  the  Howard  House. 

Travelers  wishing  to  visit  Mansfield  Mountain,  20  iniles 
northeact  of  Burlington,  or  the  CameVs  Hump,  in  the  town 
of  Huntington,  about  the  same  distance  in  a  southeast  direc- 
tion, can  easily  obtain  conveyances  to  either  of  the  above  ro- 
mantic resorts.  From  the  summit  of  both  are  obtained  beau- 
tiful and  sublime  views  of  the  surrounding  country  and  Lake 
Champlain,  said  to  fully  equal  the  prospect  from  the  White 
Mountains  of  New  Hampshire.  The  Vermont  Central  Railroad 
route,  between  Burlington,  Montpelier,  and  W^indsor,  runs  near 
the  base  of  the  latter  mountain. 

The  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  about  120  miles 
east  01  Burlington,  are  reached  from  this  placo  by  railroad  and 
stage,  passing  over  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad  to  White 
River  Junction,  and  from  thence  up  the  valley  of  the  Connecti- 
cut River  to  Wells'  River,  where  commences  the  IMiite  Mount- 
ain Railroad,  extending  to  Littleton,  N.  H.  From  Littleton 
stages  run  to  the  Notch  of  the  White  Mountains,  a  farther 
distance  of  20  miles.  This  line  of  travel  can  be  extended 
through  to  Portland.  Me.,  passing  over  a  romantic  section  of 
country. 

Port  Kent  is  advantageously  situated  on  the  west  side  of 
Lake  Champlain,  12  miles  south  of  the  village  of  Plattsburgh. 
It  contains  about  400  inhabitants,  50  dwelling-houses,  one 
church,  two  taverns,  three  stores,  and  two  warehouses.    The 


/ 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSE  S    POINT. 


117 


•n  moat  beauti- 
3,  and  adjacent 
3sels — and  pos- 
d  by  any  other 
is  closely  allied 
Steamboats  stop 
ouse's  Point ;  a 
lent,  on  the  op- 
,  and  thence  to 

Lmerican  Hotel, 

itain,  20  iniles 
p,  in  the  town 
outheast  direc- 
f  the  above  ro- 
obtained  beau- 
intry  and  Lake 
from  the  White 
'entral  Railroad 
idsor,  runs  near 

ibout  120  miles 
by  railroad  and 
Iroad  to  White 
)f  the  Connecti- 
Vi^ite  Moimt- 
From  Littleton 
tains,  a  farther 
m  be  extended 
antic  section  of 

the  west  side  of 
of  Plattsburgh. 
ing-houses,  one 
arehouses.    The 


pite  of  this  place  is  beautiful,  commanding  one  of  the  finest 

it'ws  on  Champlain,  extending  to  the  opposite  shore  of  Vermont. 

tt  is  contemplated  to  construct  a  railroad  from  Port  Kent  to 

[lie  Au  Sable  Forks,  a  distance  of  IG  miles,  passing  through 

lie  villages  of  Keeseville  and  Clintonville. 

Immediately  south  of  the  landing  at  Port  Kent  lies  Trembh  it 
^o'nt,  the  commencement  of  the  Clinton  range  of  mountains. 
Kekseville,  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Au  Sable  River,  is 
four  miles  west  of  Port  Kent.  It  contains  about  3,000  inhab- 
itants, 400  dwelling-houses,  one  Congregational,  one  Baptist, 
Mie  Methodist,  and  one  Roman  Catholic  church ;  an  incorpo- 
rated academy,  one  banking-house,  two  taverns,  and  20  stores 
and  groceries.  The  water-power  at  this  place  is  very  great, 
Ittid  advantageously  used  by  several  extensive  manufacturing 
iBtablishments.  There  are  two  fiouring-mills,  four  extensive 
iw-mills,  which  make  annually  about  half  a  million  of  market 
3ards,  an  iron  foundry,  one  furnace,  and  a  machine-shop,  to- 
gether with  most  other  kinds  of  mechanic  workshops. 
At  Birmingham,  two  miles  below  Keeseville,  is  a  succession 
picturesque  falls,  in  all  about  150  feet  descent.  Immediately 
Blow  the  lower  falls  the  river  enters  a  deep  ravme  of  singular 
id  romantic  beauty.  Through  the  chasm  thus  formed  by  the 
rearing  of  the  waters,  or  some  convulsion  of  nature,  the  rocks 
rise  from  75  to  150  feet,  almost  perpendicular,  for  a  distance  of 
altout  two  miles,  averaging  about  50  feet  in  width,  altogether 
forming  a  great  natural  curiosity.  In  addition  to  the  above, 
til  ere  are  other  ravines  in  this  vicinity  of  singular  formation. 

From  Port  Kent  to  Plattsburgh  the  course  is  along  the  west- 
ern shore  of  the  lake,  passing  several  islands. 

Port  Jackson,  the  only  intermediate  landing  place,  is  nearly 

js  st  of  the  south  end  of  Valcour  Island,  noted  for  a  severe 

naval  conflict,  on  the  11th  of  October,  1776,  between  the  Amer- 

u au  Quiiria  under  General  Arnold,  and  the  British  under  Capt. 

rriudle.    The  battle  was  fought  a  little  north  of  Port  Jackson. 

"  Five  or  six  miles  nearly  east  from  Port  Jackson  was  the 
:ene  of  the  conflagration  of  the  steamer  Phoenix  on  the  5th  of 


•.i'm 


f  I 


':  fl 


rt     1 


i  1 1; 


\%f 


118 


WHITEHALL    TO    KOUSK  S    POINT. 


•'ill 


il 


September,  1819.  On  the  moi'ning  of  the  accident,  the  Phoenix 
left  Burlington  about  one  o'clock,  against  a  strong  north  wind. 
About  3  o'clock,  while  off  nearly  west  of  the  south  end  of 
Grand  Isle,  the  boat  was  discovered  to  be  on  fire,  and  all  efforts 
to  extinguish  it  were  unav.-iiling.  There  were  at  this  time  44 
persons  on  board,  31  of  whom  entered  the  small  boats,  and  suc- 
ceeded, with  considerable  difficulty,  in  reaching  a  small  island 
about  a  mile  to  the  windward,  called  Providence  Lsland.  The 
remaining  13  were  soon  obliged  to  commit  themselves  to  the 
water  upon  bits  of  plank  and  such  other  things  as  were  within 
their  reach.  The  small  boats  returned  just  after  daylight,  and 
succeeded  in  saving  six  of  those  who  had  managed  to  keep  them- 
selves afloat.  The  remaining  seven  were  drowned.  The  wreck 
drifted  southward  and  lodged  on  a  reef  extending  from  Colches- 
ter Point.  This  is  the  only  accident  worthy  of  noticje  which  has 
occurred  during  46  years  of  steam  navigation  on  this  lake." 

Plattsburgh,  Clinton  Co.,  N.  Y.,  is  situated  on  both  sides 
of  the  Saranac  River.  100  miles  north  of  Whitehall  and  25  miles 
south  of  Rouse's  Point  by  steamboat  route  It  was  incorporated 
as  a  village  in  1815,  and  now  contains  about  4,000  inhabitants, 
500  dwelling-houses,  a  court-house,  jail,  and  county  clerk's 
office ;  a  town-hall,  one  Presbyterian,  one  Episcopal,  one  Meth- 
odist, and  two  Roman  Catholic  churches ;  an  incorporated  acad- 
emy, 50  stores  of  different  kinds,  and  six  public  houses,  the 
principal  of  which  are  the  Cumberland  House  and  Fouquet's 
Hotel ;  two  banks  and  one  insurance  office.  Here  are  situated, 
on  the  Saranac,  using  water-power,  two  flouring-mills,  one 
woolen  factory,  one  fulling-mill,  two  saw-mills,  two  machine- 
shops,  and  one  foundry ;  there  ere  also  two  tanneries,  one  soap 
manufactory,  three  printing-offices,  together  with  almost  every 
other  kind  of  mechanic  workshops.  The  water-power  at  this 
place  is  very  great,  the  Saranac  River  here  having  a  succession 
of  falls,  making  a  total  descent  of  about  40  feet.  The  sur- 
rounding country  is  rich  in  agricultural  and  mineral  produc- 
tions ;  iron  ore  of  fine  quality  is  procured  in  different  parts  of 
the  county.  This  is  also  a  United  States  military  post,  where 
the  government  has  erected  extensive  stone  barracks,  near  the 
lake  shore,  and  a  permanent  breakwater  for  the  protection  of 
the  harbor  in  Cumberland  Bay. 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSe's    POINT.  119 

Steamers  run  daily,  during  the  season  of  navigation,  from 
Plattsburgh  to  Burlington  and  Whitehall  on  the  south,  and  to 
St.  Albans  and  Rouse's  Point  on  the  north,  connecting  with 
(lilferent  railroads.  The  Plattsburgh  and  Motitreal  Railroad 
odcnds  in  a  northerly  direction  to  Mooer's  Junction,  and  thence 
!i cross  the  Canada  line  to  Caughnawaga  and  Montreal,  a  total 
distance  of  62  miles. 

liAILROAD  ROUTE  FROM  PLATTSBURGH  TO  MONTREAL,  • 
Stations.  Miles.  Totul  Miles. 

Plattsburgh 0  0 

West  Chazy 10  lo 

Mooer's  Junction 10     20 

Hemingford,  Canada 6  26 

St.  Remi 15  41 

Caughnawaga n  52 

La  Chine 2     . .  .  54 

Montr  k  al 8  62 

Usual  Time,  three  hours.  Fare,  $2  10. 
Plattsburgh  was  the  scene  of  an  important  engagement  be- 
tween the  British  and  American  armies,  in  September,  1814, 
Avhich  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  the  British,  under  the  command 
of  Sir  George  Prevost,  and  the  capture  of  the  British  fleet  under 
Com.  Downie,  who  was  killed  in  the  action.  The  American 
army  was  commanded  by  Maj.  Gen.  Macomb,  and  the  fleet  by 
Com.  McDonough. 


NAVAL  ENGAGEMENT  AND  BATTLE  OF  PLATTSBURGH, 

SEPT.  11,  1814. 

Copied  from  Palmer's  "  History  op  Lake  Champlain." 
"  Whkn  the  British  army  reached  Plattsburgh,  their  gun- 
loats  had  advanced  as  far  as  the  Isle  La  Motte,  where  they 
remained,  under  command  of  Capt.  Pring.     On  the  8th  Sept 
Captam  Downie  reached  tbnf.  nio^a  wUv.  +v.«  ^e^i  ,,*  j.i._  a-,i' 

aiid  on  the  mormng  of  the  11th  the  whole  weighed  anchor  and 
stood  south  to  attack  the  Americans,  who  lay  in  Cumberland 
liay,    flr  Plattsburgh. 
"As  the  British  vessels  rounded  Cumberland  Head,  about 


Vi 


■kiMiriiilii 


120 


NAVAL    BATTLE    OF    PLATTSDURGH. 


iiijimi  I 


jhl;  Hit 


p 


eight  o'clock  in  tlie  morning,  they  found  McDonough  at  atdior 
a  little  south  of  the  mouth  of  the  Saranac  River,  and  abreast, 
but  out  of  gun-shot,  of  the  forts.    His  vessels  lay  in  a  line  run- 
ning north  from  Crab  Island,  and  nearly  parallel  with  the  west 
shore.     The  brig  Ea^le,  Captain  Henley,  lay  at  the  head  of  the 
line,  inside  the  point  of  the  Head.     This  vessel  mounted  twenty 
guns  and  had  on  board  one  hundred  and  fifty  men.     Next  to 
her,  and  on  the  south,  lay  McDonough's  flag-ship,  the  Saratoga, 
mounting  twenty-six  guns,  with  two  hundred  and  twelve  men. 
Next  south  was  the  schooner  Ticonderoga,  of  seventeen  guns. 
Lieutenant  Cassin,  with  one  hundred  and  ten  men,  and  next  to 
her,  and  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  line,  lay  the  sloop 
Preble,  Lieutenant  Charles  Budd.     This  vessel  carried  seven 
guns,  and  was  manned  by  thirty  men.    She  lay  so  near  the 
shoal  extending  northeast  from  Crab  Island,  as  to  prevent  the 
enemy  from  turning  that  end  of  the  line.    To  the  rear  of  the 
line  were  ten  gun-boats,  six  of  which  mounted  one  long  twenty- 
four  pounder,  and  one  eighteen  pound  folumbiad  each;  the 
other  four  carried  one  twelve  pounder.    The  gun-boats  had,  on 
an  average,  thirty-five  men  each.     Two  of  the  gun-boats  lay  a 
little  north  and  in  rear  of  the  Eagle,  to  sustain  the  head  of  the 
line ;  the  others  were  placed  opposite  the  intervals  between  the 
different  vessels,  and  about  forty  rods  to  their  rear.     The  larger 
vessels  were  at  anchor,  -while  the  gun-boats  were  kept  in  posi- 
tion by  their  sweeps 

"The  British  fleet  was  composed  of  the  frigate  Confiauce, 
carrying  thirty-seven  guns,*  with  over  three  hundred  men, 
commanded  by  Captain  Downie;    the  brig  L'umet,  Captain 
Pring,  of  sixteen  guns  and  120  men;  the  sloop  Chub,  Lieutenant 
McGhee,  and  the  sloop  Finch,  Lieutenant  Hicks,  carrying  eleven 
guns  and  about  forty-five  men  each.    To  these  vessels  were 
added  twelve  gun-boats  of  about  forty-five  men  each.     Eight  of 
them  carried  two  guns,  and  four  one  gun  each.     Thus  the  force 
of  the  Americans  consisted  of  one  ship,  one  brig,  one  schopner, 
one  sloop,  and  ten  gun-boats,  manned  by  eight  hundred  and 
eightv-two  men,  and  carrying  in  all  eighty-six  guns.     The 
British  had  one  frigate,  one  brig,  twf  sloops,  and  twelve  gun- 
boats, manned  by  over  one  thousand  men,  and  carrying  in  all 
ninety-five  guns.     The  metal  of  the  vessels  on  both  sides  was 
unusually  heavy.     The  Saratoga  mounted  eight  long  twenty- 
fours,  six  forty-twos,  and  twelve  thirty-twos,  while  the  Con- 
fiance  had  the  gun- deck  of  a  heavy  frigate,  with  thirty  long 
twenty -fours  upon  it.     She  also  had  a  spacious  topgallant  fore- 
castle* and  a  poop  that  came  no  farther  forward  than  the  mizen 


*  There  were  thirty-nine  guns  on  board  the  Conflance,  but  two  of  them 
were  not  mounted— Cocyje/". 


NAVAL    BATTLE    OF    PLATTSBUHGH. 


121 


mast.  On  the  first  were  a  long  twenty-four  on  a  circle,  and 
four  heavy  carronades;  two  heavy  carronades  were  mounted  on 
the  poop. 

"  When  the  British  fleet  appeared  in  sight,  the  Finch  led  and 
kept  m  a  course  toward  Crab  Island,  while  the  other  vessels 
hove  to  opposite  the  point  of  Cumberland  Head,  to  allow  the 
gun-boats  to  come  up,  and  to  receive  final  instructions  as  to  the 
plan  of  attack.  The  vessels  then  filled  and  headed  in  toward 
the  American  fleet,  passing  inside  of  the  point  of  Cumberland 
llead ;  the  Chub  laying  her  course  a  little  to  windward  of  the 
Lagle,  in  order  to  support  the  Linnet,  which  stood  directly  to- 
ward that  vessel.  Captain  Downie  had  determined  to  lay  the 
Confiance  athwart  the  Saratoga,  but  the  win^  baffling,  he  was 
obliged  to  anchor  at  about  two  cables'  length  from  that  ship. 

1  :  Tr  ^  ^^'^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^°^^  ^^^^  ^^-y  *<>  ^^a^  island,  tacked 
and  took  her  station,  with  the  gun-boats,  opposite  the  Ticonde- 
roga  and  Preble. 

"As  the  British  vessels  approached  they  received  the  fire  of 
the  American  fleet;  the  brig  Eagle  firing  first,  and  being  soon 
lollowed  by  the  Saratoga,  and  the  sloop  and  schooner.*  The 
Linnet  poured  her  broadside  into  the  Saratoga  as  she  passed 
tuat  ship  to  take  her  position  opposite  the  Eagle.  Captain 
Downie  brought  his  vessel  into  action  in  the  most  gallant  man- 
ner, and  did  not  fire  a  gun  until  he  was  perfectly  secured, 
although  his  vessel  suff'ered  severely  from  the  fire  of  the  Ameri- 
cans As  soon,  however,  as  the  Confiance  had  been  brought 
into  position,  she  discharged  all  her  larboard  guns,  at  nearly 
the  same  instant.  The  effect  of  this  broadside,  thrown  from 
long  twenty-four  pounders,  double  shotted,  in  smooth  water, 
was  terrible.  The  Saratoga  trembled  to  her  very  keel ;  about 
torty  of  her  crew  were  disabled,  including  her  first  Lieutenant, 
iur.  Gamble,  who  was  killed  while  sighting  the  bow-gun. 

"  Soon  after  the  commencement  of  the  engagement,  the  Chub, 
Tvhile  maneuvering  near  the  head  of  the  American  line,  received 
a  broadside  from  the  Eagle,  which  so  crippled  her  that  she 
uritted  down  between  the  opposing  vessels  and  struck.  She  was 
taken  possession  of  by  Mr.  Charles  Piatt,  one  of  the  Saratoga's 
midshipmen,  and  was  towed  in  shore  and  anchored.     The  Chub 


t  two  of  them 


.^.1.!^  AT  !r?  S"'!  fl":^^  on  board  the  Saratoga  was  a  long  twentv-foiir, 
^^  uch  McDonuugh  himself  sighted.  The  shot  is  said  to  have  struck  the 
rVnl r^i^Mv  ^^^^  ^¥'  °"'*^''  h-'iwse-hole,  and  to  have  passed  the  length  of  her 
•lecK,  killing  and  wounding  several  men,  and  carrying  away  the  wheel. 
f,L',i'^""lA'"-'  ^^^'^P  °^"^"^  Saratoga,  some  hen  coops  were  thrown  over- 
Doard,  and  the  poultry  permitted  to  run  at  large.    Stariled  by  the  report 

?lanifr>^^h''i='^?  ^""  ""J  ^^^  ^'?SJ«' «  y^^^S  cock  flew  upon  a  gun  slide, 
pIpK  ^?„^'."ff?,=^"^  crowed.  The  men  gave  three  cheers,  and  consid^ 
Mles^B     -^  incidence  as  a  happy  omen.- Coo2)ef'a  Naml  History  and 


W 


^■J 


tii 


1  M!:i!i 
'111:1: 


<  i: :  H' 


122 


NAVAL    BATTLE    OF    PLATTSBURGir. 


had  Ruffevoa  severely;  nearly  half  of  her  men  having  been 
killed  or  wounded.  About  an  hour  later  the  I  inch  was  driven 
from  her  position  by  the  Ticonderoga,  and,  being  badly  injured, 
drifted  upon  the  shoal  near  Crab  Island,  where  she  grounded. 
After  bclT.^^  fired  into  from  the  small  battery  on  the  island,  she 
struck,  an  1  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  invalids  who  manned 

"AftcVtl.e  loss  of  the  Finch,  the  British  gun-boats  made 
several  efforts  to  close,  and  succeeded  in  compelling  the  sloop 
Preble  to  cut  her  cables  and  to  anchor  in  shore  of  the  Ime, 
where  she  was  of  no  more  service  during  the  engagenisnt.     ihe 
gun  boats,  emboldened  by  this  success,  now  directed  their  efiorts 
toward  the  Ticondwoga,  against  which  they  made  several  very 
gallant  assaults,  bringing  the  boats,  upon  two  or  tnree  occa- 
sions, within  a  few  feet  of  the  schooner's  side.    They  were,  how- 
ever, as  often  beaten  back,  and  the  schooner,  during  the  re- 
mainder of  the  day,  completely  covered  that  extremity  of  the  Ime. 
"  While  these  changes  were  taking  place  at  the  lower  end  ot 
the  line,  a  change  was  also  made  at  the  other  extremity.     Iho 
Eagle,  having  lost  her  springs,  and  finding  herself  exposed  to 
the  fire  of  both  the  Linnet  and  Confiance,  dropped  down  and 
anchored  between  the  Saratoga  and  Ticonderoga,  and  a  little  in 
shore  of  both.     From  this  position  she  opened -afresh  on  the  ton- 
fiance  and  the  British  gun-boats,  with  her  larboard  guns.    This 
change  relieved  the  brig,  but  left  the  Saratoga  exposed  to  the 
whole  fire  of  the  Linnet,  which  sprung  her  broadsides  m  such  a 
manner  as  to  rake  the  ship  on  her  bows. 

"  The  fire  from  the  Saratoga  and  Confiance  now  began  mate- 
rially to  lessen,  as  gun  after  gun  on  both  vessels  became  dis- 
abled, until  at  last  the  Saratoga  had  not  a  single  available  gun, 
and  the  Confiance  was  but  little  better  off.  It  therefore  became 
necessary  that  both  vessels  should  wind,  to  continue  the  action 
with  any  success.  This  the  Saratoga  did  after  considerable  de- 
lay, but  the  Confiance  was  less  fortunate,  as  the  only  effect  ot 
her  efforts  was  to  force  the  vessel  ahead.     As  soon  as  the  bara- 


*  Mr.  Alison  (History  of  England,  vol.  4),  referring  to  this  event,  says : 
«  The  Finch,  a  British  &Wff,  grounded  out  of  shot  and  did  not  engage;" 
and  a^ain,  "The  Finch  struck  on  a  reef  of  rocks  and  could  not  get  into 
Son""  ilad  Mr.  Alls,  u  taken  the  trouble  to  read  Capt.  Pnng's  official 
account  of  the  engagem<ut,he  would  have  found  in  it  the  tollowing  state- 
ment "'Lieutenant  Hicks,  of  the  Finch,  had  the  mortification  to  strike  on 
S^rJef  of  rock8,to  the  eastward  of  Crab  Island,  about  the  middle  of  the  en- 
^„^eme»'  wlii^v^  nrpvpntpd  his  r.!nderine  that  assistance  to  the  squadron 
that  might,  from  ail  officer  of  such  ability,  have  been  expected  "  It  is  very 
convonfent  for  the  English  histrrian  lo  convert  a  small  sloop  of  eleven 
euns  and  forty  men  into  a  hrir,  and  to  keep  that  large  ves«-l  out  of  the 
f Sr^^altogether,  but,  as  I  have  before  said,  such  statements  are  unnecea- 
eary  to  preferve  the  >^^ll-earned  reputation  of  the  British  navy  for  bravery 
or  gallantry  in  action. 


NAVAL    BATTLE    OP    PLATTSBUllGH, 


123 


toga  came  aroan.l  she  poured  a  fresh  broadside  from  her  lar- 
board  guns  into  the  Confiance,  which  stood  the  firo  for  a  fbw 
mmutas  and  then  struck.  TJie  ship  then  brought  her  Runs  o 
bear  on  the  Lmnot,  which  surrendered  in  about  fifteen  minutes 
afterward.  At  this  tnne  the  British  gun-boats  lay  h-vlf  i  mUe 
m  the  rear,  where  they  had  been  driven  by  the  sharp  tire  of  the 
Ticonderoga  and  Ea^^le.  These  boats  lowered  thefr  colors  as 
oon  as  they  frmnd  the  larger  vessels  had  submitted;  but  no? 
^hTPir"""'^'  *?'t*^'  American  gun-boats  were  sJnt  to  aid 
the  Conhance  and  Linnet,  which  were  reported  to  be  in  a  sink- 
ng  condition,  hey  escaped,  together  with  a  store  sloop,  whkh 
lay  neur  the  i>omt  of  Cumberland  Head  during  the  battle 

Iho  engagement  continued  for  two  hou i°s  and  a  half  and 
jas  the  most  severely  fought  naval  battle  of  the  war  '  The 
foaratoga  had  twenty-eight  men  killed  and  twenty-nine  wounded  • 
the  Eagle  h.rte.u  killed  and  twenty  wounded;  the  T  ondt' 
roga  SIX  ki   ed  and  six  wounded,  and  the  Preble  two  knied 

?ota   kiluV'',^"^"^?*?  "^"^  i^'''  ^^^'^  ^^d  three  wounded 
Total  killed  and  wounded,  one  hundred  and  ten,  being  equal  to 

hZli  ']^-  "'V''^'"  '"  '^'  ^^^*-  ^««i^««'  *^«  SaratogaVad  been 
hu led  fitty-five  limes,  and  was  twice  on  fire;  the  Eacrle  was 
hulled  thirty-nme  times.  The  carnage  and  destruotfon  had 
been  as  great  on  the  other  side.  The  Confiance  had  forty-one 
men  killed  and  eighty-three  wounded  ;  the  Linnet  reported  her 
casualties  a  ten  killed  and  fourteen 'wounded.  butXe  killed 
and  wounded  pobably  exceeded  fifty;  the  Chub  was  reported 
at  SIX  killed  ana  ten  wounded,  and  the  Finch  at  tT4  woSnded 
No  account  xs  given  of  the  loss  on  the  gun-boats,  but  from  thS 
close  and  severe  contest  with  the  Ticonderoga,  it  S  have 
been  large  The  total  of  killed  and  wounded  ol  the  B^itishS 
was  equal  to  at  least  one  fifth  of  the  whole  number  of  men  in 
their  fleet.  The  Confiance  had  been  hulled  one  hundreTand 
five  times.  So  severe  had  been  the  contest,  that  at^hcdose  of 
the  action  there  was  not  a  mast  in  either  fleet  fit  for  use  * 

Among  those  killed  on  the  side  of  the  British  were  Cantain 
Downie  who  fell  soon  after  the  action  commenced  Sain 
^I'll'^^'^^^'^^^^onofthe  Marines,  Midshipman  Wili  amGuiS 
of  the  Confiance,  and  Lieutenant  William  Paul  and  Boatswa^ 
Charles  Jackson  of  the  Linnet.  Among  the  wounded  wereS 
shipman  Lee  of  the  Confiance,  Midshipman  John  Sincrair  of  tt 

*  I  could  only  look  at  the  enemy's  calleva  soms  off  in  a  «hotfo^n  i  ^ 
d.  .on;  for  there  was  not  a  mast  in  lither  s^quKn' tha?  eoS  d  stt.??; 
?^^f-^_^'  «"l  the  lower  rigging  being  nearl?  all  shot  awn*v''"hp.'!^"fj? 
&=  ihuugh  11  nad  beeu  JusL  placed  over  the"  miot  hi^«d   "  ir'.rV'^  •••-n-u 

ormg,.-LeUer  o/MiAipma^Ue  7/t,cinflanc!.     '"  ''""  "  """""» 


Ml 


.k¥ 


Mi 


\ 


liiiiiii 


124 


NAVAL    BATTLE    OF    I'LATTSBURGH. 


Linnet,  and  Lieutenant  James  McGhce  of  the  Chub.    The  Amer- 
ican officers  killed  were  Peter  Gamble,  1st  Lieutenant  of  the 
Saratoga,  John  Starsbury,  1st  Lieutenant  of  the  Ticonderoga, 
Midshipman  James  iM.  Baldwin,  and  Sailing  Master  Rogers 
Carter     Referring  to  the  death  of  three  of  these  officers,  Mr. 
Cooper,  in  his  History  of  the  Navy,  says  :  '  Lieutenant  Gamble 
was  on  his  knees,  sighting  the  bow-gun,  when  a  shot  entered 
the  port,  split  the  quoin,  drove  a  portion  of  it  against  his  breast, 
and  laid  him  dead  on  the  quarter-deck  without  breaking  his 
skin.     Fifteen  minutes  later  one  of  the  American  shot  struck 
the  muzzle  of  a  twenty-four  on  the  Confiance,  dismounted  it, 
cending  it  bodily  inboard  against  the  groin  of  Captain  Downie, 
killing  him  filso  without  breaking  the  skin.    Lieutenant  Stans- 
bury  suddenly  disappeared  from  the  bulwarks  forward,  while 
superintending  some  duty  with  the  springs  of  the  Ticonderoga. 
Two  days  after  the  action,  his  body  rose  to  the  surface  of  the 
water,  and  it  was  found  that  it  had  been  cut  in  two  by  a  round 

"  it  is  said  that  scarcely  an  individual  escaped  on  board  of 
either  the  Confiance  or  Saratoga  without  some  injury.    Mac- 
donough  was  twice  knocked  down ;  once  by  the  spanker-boom, 
which  was  cut  in  two  by  a  shot,  and  fell  upon  his  back  as  he 
was  bending  his  body  to  sight  a  gun;  and  again  by  the  head 
of  a  gunner,  which  was  driven  against  him,  and  knocked  him 
into  the  scuppers.     Mr.  Brum,  the  sailing-master  of  the  Sara- 
too-a,  had  his  clothes  torn  off  by  a  splinter  while  winding  the 
shtp      Mr.  Vallctte,  acting  Lieutenant,  had  a  shot-box,  on 
which  he  was  standing,  knocked  from  under  his  feet,  and  he 
too  was  once  knocked  down  by  the  head  of  a  seaman.     Very 
few  escaped  without  some  accident,  and  it  appears  to  have  been 
a^reefl  on  both  sides,  to  call  no  man  wounded  who  could  keep 
out  of  the  hospital.*    Midshipman  Lee  of  the  Confiance,  who 
was  wounded  in  the  action,  thus  describes  the  condition  of  that 
vessel :  '  The  havoc  on  both  sides  is  dreadful.     I  don't  think 
there  are  more  than  five  of  our  men,  out  of  three  hundred,  but 
what  are  killed  or  wounded.     Never  was  a  shower  of  hail  so 
thick  as  the  shot  whistling  about  our  ears.     Were  you  to  see 
my  jacket,  waistcoat,  and  trowsers,  you  would  be  astonished 
how  I  escaped  as  I  did,  for  they  are  literally  torn  all  to  rags 
with  shot  and  splinters ;  the  upper  part  of  my  hat  was  also  shot 
away.     There  is  one  of  our  marines  who  was  in  the  Trafalgar 
action  with  Lord  Nelson,  who  says  it  was  a  mere  fltahite  in 
comparison  with  this."t 


*  Cooper's  Naval  History.    .  ,    ^  .      ,^.,    ,  „     .  .  ,  q     rru„  ««a„it 

t  Letter  to  his  brotlier,  published  in  Niles'  Register,  vol  S.    The  result 

of  the  engagement  depended,  from  the  first,  upon  the  Saratoga  and  Con- 


fl.inpfi. 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSE  S    POINT. 


125 


The  ofl&cers,  on  both  sidea,  who  fell  in  the  several  encountera 
by  land  and  water,  on  the  memorable  occasion  above  mentioned, 
Tvere  buried  in  the  public  cemetery  adjacent  to  the  village  of 
Plattsburgh;  but  their  graves  were  left,  under  the  pressing 
exigencies  of  that  time,  without  any  permanent  monument,  or 
stone  of  memorial.  That  community,  long  discontented  with 
an  omission  which  seemed  to  betoken  an  apathy  not  at  all  in 
unison  with  real  feelings,  at  last  determined  to  make  amends 
for  their  neglect,  and  fulfill  all  the  rites  of  sepulture.  Accord- 
ingly, a  little  previous  to  the  return  of  the  anniversary  of  the 
battle,  in  1843,  meetings  were  held  at  which  it  was  resolved  to 
celebrate  the  day,  by  placing  marble  monuments,  with  appro- 
priate inscriptions,  at  the  several  graves,  and  thus  render  to 
the  brave  and  devoted  dead  the  remaining  public  honors  so 
eminently  their  due,  and  so  long  left  unpaid.  This  design  was 
carried  into  effect  under  the  superintendence  of  the  Clinton 
County  Military  Association,  and  the  anniversary  rendered 
deeply  interesting  by  the  placing  of  these  monuments,  with 
appropriate  seremonies  and  religious  services,  accompanied  by 
commemoration  addresses. 

The  graves  are  arranged  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram, 
with  tliat  of  Capt,  Downie,  the  commander  of  the  British  flo- 
tilla, in  the  center,  as  the  ofl&cer  of  highest  rank.  The  names 
of  the  others,  so  far  as  known,  are  as  follow :  Of  our  own 
countrymen,  Lt.  George  W.  Runk,  of  the  U.  S.  A. ;  Lt.  Peter 
Gamble,  U.  S.  N. ;  Lt.  John  Stansbury,  U.  S.  N. ;  Sailing  Mas- 
ter Rogers  Carter,  U.  S.  N. ;  Midshipman  James  M.  Baldwin, 
U.  S.  N.;  Pilot  Joseph  Barron,  U.  S.  N.,  and  another  pilot, 
name  not  known.  Of  the  British  army,  Col.  Wellington,  3d 
Regt.  Buffs,  Capt.  Purchess,  76th  Regt.,  Lieutenant  R.  Kings- 
bury, 3d  Regt.  Buffs ;  and  of  the  British  navy,  Capt.  Alex. 
Anderson  and  three  Lieutenants,  names  not  known. 


fl.ance^  When  McDonnnjTh  anchorfld  his  vessel,  he  not  only  attached 
springs  to  the  cables,  but  also  laid  a  kedge  broad  off  on  each  bow  of  the 
Saratoga,  and  brought  the  hawsers  in  upon  the  two  quarters  To  this 
timely  precaution  lie  was  indebted  for  the  victory,  for  without  the  larboard 
hawser  he  could  not  have  brought  his  fresh  broadside  into  action. 


ti 


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120 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSe's    POINT. 


11   I'll 


liiiil 


The  beautiful  lines  of  an  Irish  poet  of  the  last  century  (Ool- 
lins),  can  never  be  more  appropriate  than  to  this  occasion: 

"  How  sleep  the  brave  who  sink  to  rest, 
IW  all  their  country's  wishes  blest  1 
When  spring  with  dewy  fingers  cold, 
Returns  to  deck  their  hallowed  mold. 
She  there  shall  dress  a  sweeter  sod 
Than  fancy's  feet  have  ever  trod. 
There  honor  comes,  a  pilgrim  gray, 
To  bless  the  turf  that  wraps  their  clay. 
And  memory  shall  awhile  repair 
To  dwell  a  weeping  heroflt  there. 

CuMBEuLANDllEADis  a  pcuinsula  extending  two  or  three 
miles  into  the  lake,  opposite  the  village  of  Plattsburgh,  forming 
Cumberland  Bay,  into  virhich  empties  the  Saranac  River. 

Crab,  or  Hospital  Island  lies  two  miles  south,  and  near 
the  track  of  the  steamers  on  their  way  to  and  from  the  landing 
at  Plattsburgh.  It  was  on  a  line  nearly  north  and  south 
between  Cumberland  Head  and  Crab  Island  that  the  British 
and  American  fleets  encountered  each  other,  on  the  11th  of 
September,  1814,  a  day  which  brought  so  much  honor  to  the 

American  flag. 

South  Hero  and  North  Hero  are  the  names  of  two  Is- 
lands belonging  to  the  jurisdiction  of  Vermont.  The  former  Ib 
connecte4  by  a  ferry,  and  on  the  east  side  with  the  main  shore 

of  Vermont  by  a  bridge. 

Chazy  Landing,  16  miles  north  of  Plattsburgh,  is  a  conve- 
nient  steamboat  landing,  on  the  west  side  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Isle  au  Motte,  opposite  the  above  landing,  is  a  fine  island, 
also  attached  to  Vermont.  It  is  6  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide, 
containing  much  good  land,  and  a  valuable  quarry  of  marble. 

The  village  of  House's  Point,  in  the  town  of  Champlain,  25 
miles  north  of  Plattsburgh,  and  125  miles  froln  Whitehall,  is 
situated  on  the  west  side  of  Lake  Champlain,  about  one  mile 
south  of  the  Canada  line,  and  has  a  convenient  steamboat 
landing,  a  very  large  depot  building,  and  a  well  kept 
hotel.  It  is  surrounded  in  part  by  a  level  and  fertile  region, 
which  extends  west  to  the  St.  Lawrence  River.  One  mile  north 
of  the  village  is  a  fort  and  miUtary  position  commanding  the 


WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSE  S    POINT. 


127 


navigable  channel  of  the  lake.  In  1815  the  government  of  tb 
United  States  oom^-^^ced  the  construction  of  a  strong  fortres) 
at  Rouse's  Point;  but  on  running  out  the  boundary  L*n' 
between  the  United  States  and  Canada,  under  the  treaty  ol 
Ghent,  this  point  was  found  to  be  north  of  the  45th  degree  of 
north  latitude,  and  the  works  were  suspended. 

United  States  Boundary  Line. — "This  line  was  fixed  in 
1842,  by  treaty  negotiated  by  Lord  Ashburton  and  Mr.  Web- 
ster, on  the  old  line  formerly  supposed  to  be  tlie  45th  parallel 
of  latitude.  Immediately  after  the  close  of  the  last  war  the 
United  States  government  commenced  building  a  fort  on  a  low 
point  to  the  northward  of  Rouse's  Point  landing,  which  should 
completely  command  the  passage  up  the  lake.  By  the  survey 
of  this  line  in  1818,  it  was  found  that  this  point  was  north  of 
the  45th  parallel,  and  the  work  was  consequently  abandoned ; 
but  by  the  late  treaty  the  fort  was  secured  to  the  United  States, 
and  the  work  has  recently  been  resumed.  An  opening  through 
the  woods  like  a  road,  on  the  east  side  of  the  lake,  and  about 
200  rods  north  of  the  fort,  marks  the  place  of  the  Line  as  now 
established." 

At  Rouse's  Point  is  erected  a  long  and  substantial  draw- 
bridge, crossing  the  foot  of  Lake  Champiain,  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  the  railroad  traffic  passing  from  Montreal  and  Ogdens- 
burgh  to  New  York  and  Boston.  During  the  winter  months 
this  bridge  aflPords  the  exclusive  thoroughfare  at  this  point 
between  Canada  and  the  Eastern  States. 

The  railroads  which  here  terminate  are  the  Vermont  and 
Canada  Railroad,  connecting  with  the  Vermont  Central  Rail- 
road ;  the  JVorthern  Railroad  of  New  York,  118  miles  in  length, 
terminating  at  Ogdensburgh ;  and  the  Champiain  and  St.  Law- 
rence Railroad,  44  miles  in  length,  terminating  opposite  Mon- 
treal. 

On  arriving  and  departing  from  Rouse's  Point,  travelers  are 
subjected  to  the  inconvenience  of  having  their  baggage  exam- 
ined by  custom-house  officers ;  this  is  a  great  port  of  entry  as 
well  as  thoroughfare. 


I     II 


1^     I- 


P  1 


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ilili 


128  WHITEHALL    TO    ROUSE'S    POINT. 

The  town  of  Alburgh,  Vt.,  is  a  triangular  body  of  land  pro- 
lectins  from  Canada  into  Lake  (^.hamplain,  by  which  it  is  sur- 
rounded, excepting  on  the  Canada  side.  On  the  eastern  shore 
lies  the  village  of  Mburgh,  a  port  of  entry,  and  a  few  miles 
north  is  Alburgh  Springs,  where  is  a  small  settlement  and 
several  hotels.  This  justly  celebrated  watering-place  lies  near 
the  Missisquoi  Bay,  and  is  easily  reached  by  railroad,  being 
situated  seven  miles  east  of  Rouse's  Point  and  16  miles  west 

of  St.  Albans,  Vt. 

HiGHGATE  Springs,  three  miles  from  Swanton  Station  and 
17  miles  from  Rouse's  Pomt,  near  the  village  of  ffighgate,  Vt. ,  is 
another  and  favorite  watering-place,  attracting  much  attention. 
It  is  situated  near  Missisquoi  Bay,  affording  fine  fishing-grounds, 
and  an  opportunity  to  enjoy  aquatic  sports  and  hunting. 

Missisquoi  Bay,  connecting  with  Lake  Champlain  on  the 
north,  is  a  large  and  romantic  sheet  of  water  lying  mostly  m 
Canada,  or  north  of  the  45th  degree  of  north  latitude.  This 
bay  and  its  surrounding  shores  nfford  most  romantic  and  de- 
lightfil  scenery,  varied  by  high  land  and  picturesque  points. 
Hunting,  fishing,  or  pleasure  sailing  can  here  be  enjoyed  by 
those  fond  of  such  sports,  while  the  invigorating  climate  gives 
strength  and  elasticity  to  the  weak  and  debilitated.  During  the 
summer  and  autumn  months  a  steamer  runs  around  the  bay, 
landing  at  PhUlipsburgh,  Can.,  Highgate,  Vt.,  and  other 

landings.  _  .       .  . ,      j 

Ash  Island,  four  miles  north  of  Rouse's  Pomt,  is  considered 
the  foot  of  Lake  (Champlain.  Here  the  Richelieu,  or  St.  John's 
River,  as  the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain  is  called,  is  about  half 
a  mile  wide.  The  land  on  both  sides  of  the  stream  seems  almost 
level  with  the  water,  and  presents  this  low  and  flat  surface  for 

many  miles. 

Isle  Aux  Noix,  situated  in  the  Richelieu  River,  12  miles 

^  ^    ._^,-  T)-,:~4-    ic  4iio  fii'of.  sfpnTYihoat  landinff  after 
nui'tii  01  liouaua  iuiiii,   xa    -...-.  

entering  Canada.    Here  is  a  strong  fortification  commanding 
the  channel  of  the  river,  and  occupied  by  British  troops. 


ROUSES    POINT    TO  MONTIiEAL,    ETC. 


129 


II 


RAILROAD  ROUTE  FROM  ROUSE'S  POINT  TO  OGDENS 
BURQH,  via  NORTHERN  RAILROAD. 
Stations.  Mllea. 

Rouse's  Point 0 

Mooer's  Junction 12     

Chazy 11     

Summit 14     

Chateaugay 9     

Malone 11     

Brush's  Mills 11     

Stockholm 14     

Potsdam  Junction 11     

Lisbon 16     

Ogdensburgh 9     

Usual  Time,  5  hours.    Fa^e,  $3  50. 


Total  Miles. 

0 
. .  12 
. ,  23 
..  37 
..  46 
..  57 
..  68 
. .  82 
,.  93 
,.  109 
..     118 


On  leaving  Rouse's  Point  for  St.  John's  and  Montreal,  the 
line  of  the  Champlain  and  St.  Lawrence  Railroad  extends 
along  the  west  side  of  the  Sorel  or  Richelieu  River,  over  a  level 
and  productive  section  of  country,  passing  La  Colle,  six  miles 
from  Rouse's  Point. 

St.  John's  or  Dorchester,  150  miles  from  Whitehall,  is 
advantageously  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  Richelieu  River, 
at  the  foot  of  navigation ;  a  bridge  connecting  it  with  the  vil- 
lage of  St.  Anthanasey  on  the  opposite  shore.  It  is  23  miles 
north  of  the  American  line,  22  miles  southeast  of  Montreal, 
and  contains  about  2,200  inhabitants,  275  dwelling-houses,  a 
custom-house,  and  extensive  barracks  for  soldiers,  one  Episco- 
pal, one  Roman  Catholic,  and  one  Methodist  church ;  ten  ho- 
tels and  taverns,  ten  stores,  and  two  forwarding  houses,  one 
extensive  glass  factory,  one  stone  factory,  two  tanneries,  and 
mechanics  shops  of  different  kinds. 

The  Chambly  Canal  extends  from  St.  John's  to  Ohambly, 
on  the  northwest  side  of  the  Richelieu  River,  a  distance  of  12 
miles.  It  was  completed  in  1843,  at  a  cost  of  about  $400,000. 
There  are  nine  locks  on  this  canal  120  feet  long,  24  feet  wide, 


|!i 


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U  i 

m 


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mm 


mtm. 


130 


rouse's   point    to    MONTREAL,    ETC. 


U 


and  six  feet  deep ;  lift  ten  feet  eacb,  making  a  total  descent  of 
90  feet  in  12  miles.  This  canal  was  constructed  by  the  Pro- 
vincial government.  It  affords  navigation  for  vessels  of  100 
tons  burden  between  Lake  Champlain  and  the  St.  Lawrence 
River,  thus  furnishing  an  uninterrupted  water  communication 
from  New  York  to  Quebec. 

The  railroad  from  St.  John's  to  Montreal,  21  miles  in  length, 
extends  over  a  level  section  of  country,  the  St.  Lawrence  River 
soon  coming  in  sight,  • 

The  aspect  of  the  St.  Lawrence  is  truly  grand  and  interest- 
ing, as  you  approach  it  on  the  south  from  Rouse's  Point.  Tow- 
ard the  west  is  seen  the  La  Chine  Rapid,  one  of  the  most  dan- 
gerous on  the  river.  Opposite  Montreal  it  is  two  miles  wide, 
embosoming  the  beautiful  island  of  St.  Helen,  which  is  fortified 
and  garrisoned  by  British  troops. 

As  you  approach  Montreal  by  water,  the  new  Victoria  Bridge, 
the  city,  shipping,  and  wharves  are  seen  to  great  advantage. 
The  latter— the  wjiarves— probably  exceed  any  thing  of  the  kind 
in  America,  consisting  of  a  range  of  massive  and  solid  masonry 
extending  along  the  river  for  upward  of  a  mile. 


The  following  beautiful  lines,  descriptive  of  one  of  the  sources 
of  human  happiness,  is  from  the  gifted  pen  of  N.  P.  Willis, 
and  may  be  appropriately  inserted  at  this  place : 

"  'TIS  to  bave 
Attentive  and  believing  faculties ; 
To  go  abroad  rejoicing  in  the  joy 
Of  beautiful  and  well-created  things ; 
To  love  the  voice  of  waters,  and  the  sheen 
Of  silver  fountains  leaping  to  the  sea ; 
To  thrill  with  the  rich  melody  of  birds, 
Living  their  life  of  music ;  to  be  glad 
In  the  gay  sunshine,  reverent  in  the  storm ; 
To  see  a  beauty  in  the  stirring  leaf, 
And  <lnd  calm  thoughts  beneath  the  whispering  tree ; 
To  see,  and  hear,  and  breathe  the  evidence 
Of  God's  deep  wisdom  in  the  natural  world." 


TABLES    OF    DISTANCES. 


131 


TABLE  OF  DISTANCES  BETWEEN  ALBANY  AND  MONTREAL. 


Places.  Miles. 

ALBANY 0 

Troy 6 

Saratoga  Springs 32 

Whitehall 40 

Ticonderoga 24 

Burlington,  Vt 51 

Plattsburgh,  N.  Y 25 

Rouse's  Point,  "     25 

St.  John's,  Canada 23 

MONTREAL 22 


From 
Albany. 

0 

6 
38 
78 
102 
163 
178 
203 
226 
248 


From 
Montreal. 

248 

242 

210 

170 

146 

95 

70 

45 

22 
0 


TABLE   OF   DISTANCES   FEOM   MONTREAL   TO   QUEBEC,  BY 


WATER. 

MONTREAL 0 

To  Varennes 0 

William  Henry 30 

Lake  St.  Peter 8 

St.  Francis SO 

Three  Rivers 7 

St.  Anne 20 

Richelieu  Rapids 15 

Cape  Sante 15 

Cape  Rouge 22 

QUEBEC 8 


0 

15  Miles. 
45 
53 
83 
90 

no 

125 
140 
162 
170 


a 
cc 

<i 

<( 
(( 
<i 

(C 


RAILROAD   RCUTi:   FRO^:   MONTREAL   TO   QUEBEC,   WHITE 
MOUNTAINS,  AND  Pox^xL. vND,  MAINE,  via  GRAND  TRUNK 

RAILWAY. 
Stations.  Miles.  Total  Miles. 

MONTREAL 0     0 

Longueuil 2     2 

St.  Hyacinthe 30     32 

Richmond 42  74 

QUEBEC 97     .'.".*.■.'."."."     171 

Sherhrooke 24     98 

Boundary  Line 80     128 

Island  Fond,  Yt 17     145 

Northumberland 27     172 

GoRHAM  (White  Mt.  Station)  ...  31     203 

South  Paris 43     246 

Danville  Junction 20     . .  266 

PC  LTLAND 28     294 


m 


''M 

1 
i 

<t 

132 


RAILROAD    ROUTE. 


EAILROAD   EOUTE   FROM   MONTREAL   TO  TOROKTO,  via 
14AU.KUAU   ^^^^jjj^j^j)  TRUNK  RAILWAY. 

Stations.                             Miles.        Stations.                             Miles 
Montreal 0    Toronto W 

Blue  Bonnets J  I^^'l----, iq 

Pointe  Claire 15  Scarboro' 13 

St.  ArmQ's(  Ottawa  Rioer)   21  Port  Union 1/ 

Vaudreuil       24  Port  Whitby 29 

Cedars  (road  to) 29  Oshawa..   83 

Coteau  Landing 37  Bowmanville 43 

River  Beaudette 44  Newcastle. 4/ 

Lancaster 54  Port  Britain 59 

Cornwall 68  Port  Hope b^ 

Dickinson's  Landing 77  Cobourg iJJ 

Aultsville 84  Grafton Ti 

Williamsburg 92  Colborne «4 

Matilda 99  Trenton 101 

Edwardsburg 104  Belleville 113 

Prescott  Junction 112  Shannonville l^^ 

Pre«cott  113  Napanee 134 

Maitland  . .' '.  ".".".'.*.". 120  Ernestown 145 

Brockville 125  Collins  Bay 1&3 

Mallorytown 137  Kingston IbU 

Lansdowne 146  Kingston  Mills 164 

Gananoque 155  Gananoque l/» 

Kingston  Mills 169  Lansdowne l»7 

Kingston 173  Mallorytown 196 

Collins  Bay 180  Brockville ^0» 

Ernestown 188  Maitland ^13 

Napanee 199  Prescott. ^f 

Shannonville  213  Prescott  Junction 2J1 

Belleville 220  Edwardsburg ^f 

Trenton 232  Matilda 234 

Colborne 249  Williamsburg 241 

Grafton 256  Aultsville 249 

Cobourg 263  Dickinson's  Landing 256 

Port  Hope 271  Cornwall ^oo 


Port  Britain 274 

Newcastle 286 

Bowmanville •  •  290 

Oshawa 300 

Port  Whitby 304 

Port  Union 316 


Lancaster 279 

Biver  Beaudette 289 

Coteau  Landing 290 

Cedars  (road  to) 304 

Vaudreuil  (  Ottawa  Riv'r)  309 
St.  Anne's ^Vi 


Scarboro' 320    PomteClaire 318 

York 327    Blue  Bonnets 3Z» 

Toronto 333    Montreal 

Usual  Time,  15  hours.    Fare,  $10. 


333 


',1 


133 


TRIP  FROM  MONTREAL  TO  QUEBEC. 


This  interesting  trip  is,  during  the  warm  season,  one  of  a 
most  delightful  character.    To  be  fully  enjoyed,  however,  it 
should  be  performed  during  daylight ;  but,  unfortunately,  the 
evening  line  of   steamers  usually  alone  performs  the  trips, 
leaving  Montreal  at   seven    o'clock  p.  m.,  and  Quebec   two 
hours  earlier.     <'  Both  banks  are  low  and  uninteresting  in  a 
scenic  point  of  view,  but  lined  with  the  neat,  whitewashed  cot- 
tages of  the  French-Canadian  peasantry,  built  so  closely  to 
each  other  as  to  suggest  the  idea  of  a  continuous  village  on 
either  bank ;  with  here  and  there  a  thicker  grouping  of  houses 
round  the  parish  church.     Darkness,  however,  soon  closes  the 
view,  and  the  traveler  only  knows  that  he  is  rapidly  borne 
along  on  the  now  united  and  smooth  waters  of  two  mighty  rivers, 
better  known  by  the  inhabitants  on  its  banks  as  the  La  Grande 
Riviere" 

On  leaving  Montreal  for  Quebec  and  the  intermediate  land- 
ings, in  one  of  the  many  splendid  steamers  which  navigate  the 
St.  Lawre.  3,  you  have  a  fine  view  of  the  beautiful  fortified 
island  of  St.  Helen,  situated  mid-stream  opposite  the  city ; 
and  as  you  are  borne  along  on  the  majestic  current  of  the 
mighty  river,  its  thickly  settled  and  cultivated  shores  compel 
the  admiring  attention  of  the  traveler,  by  the  aspect  presented 
by  their  lines  of  settlements  on  each  side,  for  the  whole  distance 
of  170  miles  from  city  to  city. 

LoNGUEUiL,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  from  Montreal, 
13  connected  with  the  city  by  a  commodious  ferry— this  being 
the  present  terminus  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  leading 
to  Quebec  and  Portland,  Me.,  the  two  routes  diverging  at  Rich- 
mond, C.  E.— thus  forming  a  speedy  line  of  travel  both  to  Que- 
bec on  the  northeast,  and  the  JVhite  Mountains  of  New  Hamp- 
shire on  the  southeast. 


I    ,1 


13 1  . 


MIINTKHAI      10    <i''EBK'- 


Tl,e  R.P.DS  OF  St.  Mary  are  entered  immediately  below  St. 
tUcy  often  retard  the  ordinary  river  craft  fo.  many      i 

"Tf  ,"';  ro,NX  and  Po,.r  .vx  Tn.MB..-.  «n  t.,0  i.l.nd  of 
,.;;;:;.;':  successWely  pa^ed  on  the  left,  and  Bo„c„.n- 

"Ti:o^":r":;.a..  Ues  in  the  St.  Wrence,  a 

"^  V  l°r:.!n  ^e  southeast  side  of  the  river,  15  miles  fro^ 
MltrXis  a'heautiful  place  and  ■^^o^'^i::^:Z^, 
*    p  V.  niP  mineral  springs  in  its  vicmity.    Ihe  massive  cu 

:iriro:ires,LrLnded  .y  a  c.^^  «--  -  - 

-r  rrenurHii:::::--  ha.  of  .— 

Jm  vtL  •  and  the  M,.unlam  of  RouvUle,  r.sing  grandly 

t  fso—  its  snmmit  cro^-ned  with  an  immense  cross, 

:;:  rCtiles,  ^reatly  c.alts  the  character  and  e.pres- 

't::"r;rSon...5  milesMo.  Montreal  -ds 

-  "rr  ^"  tt^sa1^otl:i:::ercls!: 

r,ichel.eu  niver.    It  ^^'^^^^         was  first  settled  in  1685, 

each  other  at  "g"'*  ^f  t^'^  J^^lral    It  is  no  donbt  des- 
and  now  contains  about  8.000  "iabitans  ^^^^^ 

^n'^atL  with  La.e  Champlain.    The  fort  at  t  .s  pla^  ™ 

°  Lea;ing  the  mouth  of  the  Kiehelien  and  proceeding  uo.n  t..^ 
St  ir^nce,  several  islands  are  passed  in  succession,  and  then 

'"iTsr.  PKT...  50  miles  below  Montreal.    Ihis  sheet  of 


MONTRKAL    10    QL'KnEC. 


135 


water,  wliicli  is  but  an  expansion  of  the  river,  is  about  25  milea 
lang  and  12  to  15  miles  wide,  Avhile  the  average  breadth  of  the 
river  proper,  from  Montreal  to  Quebec,  is  about  two  miles,  and 
tlie  scene  which  its  waters  present  lias  some  features  peculiar 
enougij  to  be  noticed.  In  addition  to  the  more  customary  forms 
of  steamboats,  of  ships,  and  other  sea-going  vessels,  and  of  the 
craft  usually  employed  in  the  navigation  of  large  rivers,  the 
waters  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  more  than  any  other  even  on  this 
forest-covered  continent,  are  frequented  by  enormous  timber- 
rafts,  commonly  borne  along  on  their  way  to  market  by  the 
force  of  the  current  alone,  though  occasionally  aided  by  spread- 
ing a  sail,  or  by  huge  oars  called  sweeps.  These  floating  islands 
of  timber,  with  huts  here  and  there  rising  from  their  low  sur- 
face, for  the  accommodation  of  the  raft-men,  and  another  sin- 
gular sort  of  craft  with  long,  low  hulls,  nowhere  else  known, 
and  designed  chiefly  for  the  transport  of  timber  of  great  length, 
contribute  the  more  remarkable  and  picturesque  features  to  the 
animating  spectacle  presented  by  the  navigation  of  this  noble 
river ;  while,  from  its  high  latitude,  and  from  the  character- 
istic phenomena  of  northern  sides,  the  ordinary,  as  well  as  the 
more  grotesque,  features  referred  to  are  accompanied  by  con- 
trasts in  the  golden  grandeur  of  the  sunsets,  and  in  the  varied 
splendor  of  the  northern  lights,  both  of  which  are  so  frequent 
and  so  remarkable,  that  they  may  be  very  fairly  regarded  as 
habitual,  and  from  which  the  scenery  of  the  St.  Lawrence  de- 
rives a  magnificence  and  beauty  probably  unequaled. 

Port  St.  Francis,  83  miles  belo^'  Montreal,  is  the  next 
steamboat  landing.  Here  the  river  again  contracts  to  its  usual 
width. 

Three  Rivers,  about  half  way  between  Montreal  and  Que- 
bec, is  situated  on  th*^  north  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  rivei  ot.  Maurice ;  nearly  opposite  to  which,  and 
of  smaller  volume,  enters  the  river  Becancour.  Three  Rivers 
is  an  old  town,  having  been  settled  by  the  French  in  1618. 
Here  is  a  court-house  and  jail,  a  convent,  a  Roman  Catholic 
church,  and  three  Protestant  churches ;  a  mechanics'  institute, 


130 


MONTREAL  TO  QUEBEC. 


H    ntiiniiilH 


ii: 


mr  111' 


an  academy,  several  public  houses,  40  stores,  lumber-yards,  a 
shipyard  and  foundry;  also,  other  manufacturing  establish- 
ments. The  town  contains  about  5,000  inhabitants,  and  is  a 
place  of  considerable  trade  and  importance. 

This  place  has  become  a  great  lumber  mart,  caused  by 
the  opening  up  of  the  great  timber  country  in  its  rear,  on  the 
banks  of  the  St.  Maurice.  A  visit  to  the  wild  and  romantic 
Fulls  of  Shawanagcnne,  about  25  miles  up  this  river,  will  be 
found  interesting;  it  may  be  easily  accomplished  in  one  day. 
the  road  leading  through  a  forest  for  most  of  the  way,  with 
here  and  there  a  hamlet  to  vary  the  scene.  A  part  of  the 
journey  is  usually  performed  in  a  bark  canoe  propelled  by  In- 
dians. On  arriving  at  the  falls,  nothing  but  grandeur  and 
solitude  strikes  the  imagination. 

St.  Anne,  25  miles  below  Three  Kivers,  stands  on  t^e  north 
bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same 

name. 

The  Richelieu  Rapids,  ^5  miles  above  Quebec,  extend  some 
eight  or  ten  miles.  The  channel  of  the  river  is  here  very  nar- 
row and  intricate,  huge  rocks  being  visible  in  many  places  dur- 
ing low  water.  In  order  to  guide  the  mariner  safely  throuch 
these  rapids,  beacon  lights  are  stationed  at  the  more  critical 

points  of  the  passage. 

Cape  Sante,  30  miles  from  Quebec,  is  on  the  north  side  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  opposite  side  is  a  settlement  called 
St.  Trois.  The  banks  of  the  river  are  here  elevated  some  60  or 
80  feet  above  the  water,  and  are  almost  perpendicular,  from 
which  the  land  extends  away  for  many  miles,  with  an  almost 

level  surface. 

Cape  Rouge,  eight  miles  above  Quebec,  is  next  passed  on  the 
left,  when  the  citadel  of  Quebec  comes  into  view,  presenting  a 
sight  at  once  grand  and  deeply  interesting,  from  the  historical 
events  with  which  it  is  associated. 

The  Ch  audi  ere  River,  on  the  right,  is  much  visited  for  the 
Bake  of  its  beautiful  falls,  situated  a  short  distance  from  its 
entrance  into  the  St.  Lawrence. 


QUEDEC. 


137 


Wolfe's  Cove,  two  miles  above  Quebec,  on  the  same  side,  is 
an  interbsting  spot  to  strangers,  for  here  the  lamented  Wolfe 
landed  with  his  gallant  army,  in  1759,  and  ascended  to  the 
Plains  of  Abraham,  where  he  fell  a  victim  to  his  heroic  enter- 
prise. But  he  fell  not  alone.  France  mourned  an  equal  loss 
in  the  fall  of  the  brave  and  generous  Montcalm. 

As  the  steamer  approaches  the  wharf,  the  line  of  shipping, 
extending  usually  for  two  or  three  miles,  gives  life  and  interest 
to  the  scene  below— while  the  towering  citadel  above  produces 
emotions  of  wonder  and  delight.  The  city,  or  Lower  Town, 
only  as  yet  partly  seen,  soon  opens  to  view,  hugging  the  base 
of  the  rocky  promontory. 


QUEBEC. 

The  City  of  Quebkc,  a  seaport,  and  most  important  naval 
and  military  depot,  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  at  the  point  where  it  is  joined  by  the  St.  Charles, 
170  mile  below  Montreal,  and  about  400  miles  from  the  Gulf, 
in  N.  lat.  46°  49'  12'\  W.  long.  71°  15'  45".  Population  in  1831, 
25,916;  in  1844,  32,876;  in  1852,  42,000,  and  in  1850,  esti- 
mated at  46,000,  of  which  about  two  thousand  are  soldiers. 

As  a  fortress,  Quebec  may  be  justly  ranked  in  the  first  class. 
Words  can  hardly  express  the  strength  of  its  position  without 
the  aid  of  technical  terms.  The  citadel,  the  Gibraltar  of 
America,  is  approached  by  a  zigzag  pathway,  with  thirty-two 
pounders  staring  you  in  the  face  at  every  turn.  When  inside 
the  fortress,  it  looks  like  a  world  of  itself.  The  officers'  barrack 
is  a  fine  building,  overlooking  the  St.  Lawrence.  The  soldiers 
quarters  are  under  the  ramparts.  The  armories,  magazines, 
and  warlike  implements  are  immense.  The  military  authori- 
ties are  energetically  at  work  putting  the  fortifications  of  Que- 
bec  intn    T»Ay\niT»         'V\\a  (\na\\pit     yi/fz.../.}/}-/..     ^>f    n    l"+/>    /■!«*«      r,„„™  . 

"  There  is  hardly  a  point  at  which  the  fortifications  are  not 
being  repaired  or  improved.  A  new  and  very  strong  block- 
house is  making  below  the  flag- staff,  and  very  extensive  works, 


I  in 
inrif 


I  Siil 


s 


Wa  ;!; 


108 


QUEBEC. 


!'   ,   E 


of  by  no  means  ancient  construction,  above  that  point,  have 
been  condemned,  and  are  now  rebuilding  in  a  more  formidable 
manner,  near  where  a  new  battery  and  draw-bridge  outlet 
from  the  citadel  have  lately  been  constructed,  communicating 
■with  the  city  over  the  northeastern  glacis." 

"  The  citv  is  built  on  the  extremity  of  a  ridge  terminating  in 
the  angle  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  two  rivers  on  the 
point  called  Cape  Diamond,  which  here  rises  to  the  height 
of  about  340  feet  above  the  St.  Lawrence.     1  he  cape  is  sur- 
mounted by  the  citadel,  and  the  city  extends  from  it  principally 
TaNE  direction,  do^n  to  the  water's  edge.     The  old  town 
which  lies  wholly  without  the  walls,  partly  at  the  foot  ol  tape 
Diamond,  and  around  to  the  St.  Charles,  has  narrow  and   in 
parts,  steep  streets.    The  ascent  from  the  upper  to  the  lower 
portion  of  the  city  which  crosses  the  line  of  the  fortifications  is 
by  a  winding  street  and  by  a  flight  of  steps ;  the  s  reets  in  this 
section,  though  narrow,  are  generally  clean,  a^^  well  pav^ 
or  macadamized.    The  public  buildings  and  most  of  the  houses 
are  built  of  stone.    The  line  of  the  fortifications  stretche^o  nearly 
across  the  peninsula  in  the  west,  and  runs  along  a  ridge  between 
the  upper  and  lower  parts  of  the  city.     It  is  intersected  by 
five  gates,  and  has  an  inner  circuit  of  about  2^  miles     Beyond 
the  ramparts  on  the  west  are  the  extensive  suburbs  of  St.  Koch, 
St  John,  and  St.  Louis.     Durham  Terrace  commands  a  pictur- 
esque view,  having  the  lower  part  of  the  city  in  the  foreground; 
and  the  shores  ar.d  waters  of  the  St.  Lawrence  extending  far  in 
the  distance.     The  Public  Garden,  on  Des  Carrieres  Street  con- 
tains an  elegant. monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  Wolte  and 
Montcalm.    It  is  65  feet  high,  and  its  design  is  very  chaste  and 
beautiful.    This  spot  attracts  great  attention,  and  should  be 
visited  by  every  stranger.    The  Esplanade,  railed  oif  from,  ami 
situated  between  D'Auteuil  Street  and  the  ramparts,  affords 
delightful  views  of  the  surrounding  country  and  river  scenery. 
"There  are  174  streets  in  the  citv  and  suburbs,  the  principal 
of  which  are  the  following :  St.  John  Street,  the  principal  seat 
of  the  retail  trade;    St.  Louis  Street,  occupied  by  lawyers 
offices  and    private  dwellings,  is   handsome  and  well-built; 
D'Auteuil  Street,  facing  the  Esplanade  in  the  upper  town,  and 
in  the  lower  town,  St.  Peter  Street,  in  which  most  of  the  banks, 
insurance  companies,  and   merchants'    offices    are    situated. 
rri,--,-.  „^-^  „i.^^v>««v  '^*^'^^  <i"«  strftpts.  sind  the  appearance  ot 
the  citv  h.r^  been  much  improved  since  the  great  fare  ol  IMo 
when  '         •  2,000  buildings  were  destroyed,  which  have  been 
replacea  ...  others  of  a  superior  description     The  Btjeete  are 
Ughted  with  gas,  and  the  city  is  well  supplied  with  water  trom 


QUEBEC. 


130 


the  St.  Charles  River.  The  Parliament  House  (destroyed  by 
fire  18o3)  was  an  elegant  pile  of  buildings,  forming  three  sides 
ot  a  square,  now  about  being  rebuilt  in  a  much  improved  style. 
I  he  Court  House  and  City  Hall  are  substantial  stone  edifices, 
bt  Louis  Street,  upper  town.  The  Marine  Hospital,  a  fine  stone 
building,  will  accommodate  400  patients.  The  Lunatic  Asvlum 
at  Bsauport,  2|  miles  from  the  city,  is  an  extensive  building, 
indosed  m  a  park  of  200  acres.  The  Queboc  Musical  Hall 
recently  erected,  is  a  substantial  and  well-built  edifice,  fitted 
or  musical  entertainments,  etc.  The  Quebec  Exchange,  the 
Unadian  Institute,  the  Literary  and  Historical  Society,  tlie 
Quebec  Library  Association,  the  Advocates'  Library,  etc  ,  are 
among  the  most  noted  and  interesting  institutions  of  Quebec 

"  ihe  Roman  Catholic  Cathedral  is  a  large  and  commodious 
buikling,  but  with  no  great  pretensions  to  beauty  of  architec- 
ture; the  interior  is  handsomely  fitted  up,  nnd  has  several  fine 
paintings ;  the  church  will  seat  4,000  persons.  It  has  a  fine 
choir  and  a  good  organ.  The  Episcopal  Cathedral  is  a  hand- 
some  edifice,  135  feet  by  75  feet.  It  was  erected  in  1804,  and 
will  seat  between  3,000  and  4 ,000  persons.  Trinity  Church  is 
a  neat  stone  building,  erected  in  1824  ;  it  is  handsomely  fitted 
up  St.  Andrew,  Presbyterian  Church,  is  95  by  48  feet,  and 
will  accommodate  about  1,200  persons.  There  were,  in  1852, 
one  Baptist,  one  Congregational,  four  Episcopal,  one  Free  Pres- 
byterian, two  Methodist,  one  Presbyterian,  and  five  Roman 
Catholic  churches.  Quebec  has  three  banks,  and  several  bank 
agencies,  two  savings'  banks,  and  a  number  of  insurance  agen- 
cies. The  hotels  are  numerous,  and  several  of  them  well-kept 
being  usually  thronged  with  visitors  from  the  United  States 
and  toreign  parts  during  warm  weather. 

"There  are  three  nunneries,  one  of  which,  the  Hotel  Dieu,  is 
a  very  valuable  hospital ;  the  nuns  acting  as  nurses  to  the  sick 
in  these  establishments,  and  as  instructresses  of  young  females 
iliere  are  numerous  religious  and  benevolent  institutions,  an 
exchange,  a  board  of  trade,  a  mechanics'  institute,  etc.  Among 
tlie  establishments  for  educational  purposes,  the  first  place  is 
tlue  to  the  University  of  Qaebec ;  it  has  a  principal,  and  profes- 
sors ot  theology,  rhetoric,  snd  mathematics,  with  five  regents  for 
tl'8  Latin  and  Greek  classes. 

"Though  not  a  manufacturing  town,  Quebec  has  various 
aistilleries,  breweries,  with  tobacco,  soap  and  candle  works,  and 
numbers  of  fine  vessels  have  been  launched  from  its  ship-yards 
ine  climate,  though  on  the  whole  good  and  hfiaH.hv.  i«  ov. 
tremely  hot  in  summer  and  cold  in  winter.  The  majority  of 
tne  population  is  of  French  extraction,  and  the  French  lan- 
guage is  mostly  spoken  in  the  best  circles,  and  the  Roman 
uatliolic  rehgion  predominates." 


140 


QUEBEC. 


':;liil 


:i!il'; 


li! 


steamships  and  other  sea-going  vessels  of  the  l»'-g»'  ""<»» 
come  up  to  the  wharves  of  Quebec.    Its  harbor  or  basm  between 
the  city  and  the  island  of  Orleans  is  of  great  extent,  havmg  m 
general  about  28  fathoms  water,  the  tide  r.sms  from    0  to  18 
feet  at  neaps,  and  from  24  to  30  feet  at  spring  t.des     The  com- 
„eree  of  the  city  is  very  extensive,  the  lumber  trade  alone 
glvincr  employment  to  a  great  number  of  ships  dunng  the  sea- 
L  of  navigation,  from  May  to  November,    Quebec  has  a  regu- 
lar intercourse,  by  means  of  steamers,  with  Montreal  and  ports 
hic-her  up  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Ottawa  R.ver ;  also  wUh 
H:iifax,  Liverpool,  and  other  ports  on  both  sides  the  Atlant.c 

The  arand  Trunk  Bailway  is  now  so  far  finished  as  to 
afford  speedy  communication  with  St.  Thomas.  49  .udes  below 
Quebec,  with  Portland,  Me.,  Montreal.  Kingston.  Toronto  etc. 
Its  passenger  and  freight  depots  are  situated  at  Point  Lev,, 
opposite  Quebec,  the  two  places  being  connected  by  steara  femes. 
Steamers  also  run  to  different  ports  below  Quebec,  and  during 
warm  weather  make  trips  to  the  lower  St.  Lawrence  and  Sague- 

"mTfoUowing  description  of  the  city  of  Quebec  is  tal^en  from 
Mr.  Buckingham's  late  interesting  work  on  Canada,  etc. : 
,.  tri,.,  <.iti,o.tion  of  Quebec  is  highly  advantageous,  in  a  com- 

fS!  below  tie  town,  and  narrows  in  to  about  a  paile  in 
S^'tri"  an^faW  we""  in  its  «des-a^d  space 

Sie  spot  for -ship-building  and  repairs,  .jswd!  ..=  ane......ien 

'^i:£'':iI'=SefrK'"fccTpl  nrhthest  point  of  Capo 
Diamond!Sg  elevated  8.00  foe?  .bove  the  river,  and  present- 


QUEBEC.  141 

ing  almost  perpcnilicnlar  cliflFs  toward  the  water.     The  city  is 

hol?n7nf  ?h  ''^^"*''  i^^  '^^^".^  *^^  ^^^  ^f  ^^''^  <^liff«.  round 
tlio  point  of  th3  promontory,  and  ascending  upward  from  thence 

0  the  very  borders  of  the  citadel  itself.    It  is  diyidedTnto  ?he 

Lower  and  Upper  Town,  the  former  including  all  that  is  below 

the  ramparts  or  forcified  lines,  the  latter  complehenZg  all  thai 

IS  above  and  with  n  that  barrier.    Besides  these,  there  is  a  arl 

suburb,  separated  froii.  Quebec  proper  by  the  ramparts  and 

some  open  lawu  beyond  these  on  the  west,  caUed  the  Lbu;b  of 

bt.  l<och  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river  St.  Charles,  the  only 

portion  of  the  whole  that  is  built  on  level  ground   '  ^ 

In-^' wL  ?J;^'fi?  ^^  ,^"f '"'  therefore,  the  traveler  has  to  wind 
US  way  up  through  steep,  n-row,  and  tortuous  streets,  with 

rHfiTlfnT  '  ^'^'•""  H^.      "'^  ^^^  ^'^'^  *i»  h«  reaches  the 

W  Si/  /  T ^u'^'^T^-    ^^'       '^  ^°*^^«  ^y  Prescott  Gate,  on 

the  light  of  which,  after  passi  ^  through  it,  he  sees  the  im^s- 

mg  structure  of  the  New  Parliament  H^ouse \ since  destro^Tby 
^l\  I      A^  lofty  cupola  and  fine  architectural  front;  and  on 

Wl  f '♦!!  n ''''^l^?'^^f/^  ^^'^^  '^^^  straggling  wooden  steps, 
leading  to  one  of  the  oldest  streets,  as  an  avenSe  to  the  Place 
(iArmes.  Going  across  this  last,  he  passes  the  English  and 
trench  cathedrals,  the  government  offices,  and  palace  of  justice 

Z'^^  ""/f  ^  '  ^""^  ^?  .*^'  1*^  ^^  *^^  ^1^  «*«tle  of  St.  LeWis,  and 
the  platform  overlooking  the  harbor,  on  his  left.     Passini  by 
these,  and  continually  ascending  for  about  half  a  mile  beyond, 
he  reaches  the  ramparts  and  gates  on  the  upper  side  of  the  city : 
and  going  through  these,  he  comes  to  the  open  lawn  in  front  of 
the  glacis,  beyond  which  is  the  suburb  of  St.  Roch,  on  the  level 
^T-Su      ^^  *^®  southern  bank  of  the  St.  Charles  River 
.fjy  ?  ^^  ^^.^h  ^'-^  '^  ^^  irregular  as  the  greatest  enemy 
of  symmetry  could  desire.     The  steepness  of  the  Jscent  from  the 
river  to  the  plain  above  is  no  doubt  one  cause  of  this,  because 
1  was  only  by  making  the  ascending  streets  winding  and  tor 
ZZ!vy  *^«y  ^^^'^Id  be  got  over  at  all;  but  besides  this,  the 
nequahties  in  the  surface  even  of  the  Upper  Town  led  to  other 
"regularities  m  the  form  and  direction  of  the  streets ;  while  the 
large  space  occupied  by  the  old  religious  establishments,  stUl 
urther  curtailing  the  lines  in  different  directions,  so  cut  up 
the  area,  that  there  is  not  a  single  street  in  all  Quebec  which 
can  compare  m  length,  breadth,  or  general  good  appearance  to 
the  King  Street  of  Toronto  or  the  Notre  Dame  of  Montreal. 
trlt  A    !  ^^  ^""^^^^  ^r®'  therefore,  in  general  short,  narrow, 
S^^jJ'.w?'  ^?*«^edly  paved  in  the  center,  still  worse  pro- 

Viaea  with  SldAWallfa    anA  Tlr^*■  IJ^l,*^^  ,^i.i-  1 J.  _•    1  ,       ^, 

C^  dwellings  are  in  general  destitute  of  arcfiitectural 
nn^!  ■^i.^v  .  f"^^^^  *"^  incommodious;  some  few  are  of  wood, 
none  ot  brick,  but  the  greatest  number  are  of  rough-hewu 


Mii.i^l 


142 


QUEBEC. 


st^ne,  with  high,  steep  -ofs  conta^ing^^^^^ 

jeoting  garret  windows   very  lofty  ^himneys    a         ^^^  ^^^^ 

prominently  placed  and  ^dvantageousiy^^^^^^^  mat  V^^ 
in  some  degree,  the  general  monotony  «*  ^^^  ™*  ^^ile  the 
houses,  and  are  thus  far  J^^^J^^^^^^XS  House,  and 
spires  of  the  churches,  the  ^o^e  of  ^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^h  their 

other  elevated  points  ''^smg  from  the  g.ner^l^^^^^     ^^^  ^ 

tinned  roofs  glittering  ^ V^^,.^^^,\f;^fr^^^^         point  of  view, 

':^.^J^t  11^ At...^  f 'w^^-s  on  the 

^^^!^^Th«estof  tljepuh^^^uMing^-^^^^ 
undoubtedly  the  castle  of  St.  Lewis,  otwmc  .f^  ^^^^^^ 

the  foundation  on  the  6th  of  May ,  lbZ4^   ;      *edge  of  an  al- 
for  it  was  a  most  commanding  one  on  the  ve^^^^^^ 

most  perpendicular  P^^^^P^^^  ,^^;,^Ve  c^^^^^         the  stream, 
yet  close  to  its  edge;  as,  between  the  cutt  a^  ^^^^^^ 

there  is  only  just  room  «"o;^f  J^/Jt^re  ;a^^^^^^ 
Champlain  Street.    The  castle  ereaed  here  was  r  g 

palace  of  the  French  go^^rno^^' ^^^ J  J^i''J'hd?  lands  accord- 
ed homage  of  the  sevei-alseigneu^^^^^^^ 

ing  to  the  feudal  tenure  ^^  «^«  *:"^?j'^_^^ns  'i^  i,is  Picture  of 
continued;  for,  according  to  Mr.  Haw^^^^  ^^  ^^^^ 

Quebec,  thQ  sovereignty  o^.  *^';gl^^^'{/„„i'^|„:^^^^ 

seigneurs  to  the  fo^"™"^:     ,V:°  ..i^..^  bein"  in  full  dress,  and 

in  thf  ?"<>'''"S  f  rj,",'^,  'c^m^^^^^^  and  attended 

seated  m  a  st»'«-*»'''fXSncur  in  an  evening  dress,  and 
by  the  Attorney-General,  the  beigneur  m  an  b 

wVinS  -!n'i.'\rI™,''rir»J;?(?lerrof  thi  Land  lU 
rSS'.hfre^-^alo'-'  thfL^font  o\th  of  fideUty;  ^ 


QUEBEC. 


)W  of  pro- 
the  roofs 
a  are  also 
,nd  variety 
thougbi  the 
n  in  either 

ty  with  so 
,s  much  the 
ever,  are  so 
hey  relieve, 
of  ordinary 
;  vrhile  the 
House,  and 
e,  with  their 
and  variety 
aint  of  view, 
)laces  on  the 

Quebec  was 
iinplain  laid 
sition  chosen 
Ige  of  an  al- 
)ve  the  river, 

the  stream, 
venue,  called 
garded  as  the 
it  the  fealty 
lands  accord- 
i  practice  dis- 
is  Picture  of 
eeded  to  that 
res,  the  king's 
srnor,  receives 
I  by  the  seig- 
tions  on  which 

6S6  • 

■  (1834)  by  the 
'  the  sovereign, 
full  dress,  and 
,  and  attended 
aing  dress,  and 
by  the  Inspec- 
bhe  Land  Roll 
knee  before  Ibe 
sn  those  of  the 
'  fidelity ;  after 


143 


which  a  solemn  act  is  drawn  up  in  a  register  kept  for  that  pur- 
pose, which  is  signed  by  the  Governor  and  Seigneur,  and  coun- 
tersigned by  the  proper  officers.' 

"In  this  castle  the  French  and  English  governors  resided 
till  1809,  when  it  was  found  necessary  to  erect  a  temporary 
new  building  for  their  iise  while  the  old  one  underwent  repair ; 
and  £10,000  were  expended  for  this  purpose  under  the  admin- 
istration of  Sir  James  Craig.  After  this  it  continued  to  be  the 
seat  of  government  as  before ;  and  all  the  proclamations  and 
ordinances  issued,  and  all  the  messages  sent  to  the  legislative 
assemblies  by  the  governor  in  the  king's  name,  were  dated  from 
the  castle  of  Quebec.  It  was  also  the  scene  of  all  the  public 
levees  and  private  entertainments  of  the  governors  and  their 
families ;  and  was  therefore  the  constant  resort  of  all  the  gay 
and  fashionable  society  of  the  province.  In  1834,  however,  this 
ancient  edifice  was  entirely  destroyed  by  a  fire,  which  broke  out 
on  the  23d  of  January,  in  the  depth  of  winter,  when  Lord  Ayl- 
mer  occupied  it  as  his  official  residence ;  and  notwithstanding 
every  exc  rtion  made  to  save  it,  the  thermometer  being  at  22° 
below  zero,  and  the  fire-engines  only  capable  of  being  worked 
by  a  constant  supply  of  warm  water,  the  castle  was  soon  re- 
duced to  ashes.  It  has  never  since  been  rebuilt;  but  Lord 
Durham,  during  his  short  stay  here,  had  the  site  cleared  of  the 
ruined  heaps  that  still  covered  it,  and  the  whole  area  of  the 
former  edifi-  e  leveled,  floored  with  wood,  and  converted  into  a 
beautiful  platform,  with  a  fine  iron  railing  at  the  edge  of  the 
precipice,  making  it  one  of  the  most  beautiful  promenades  imag- 
inable—commanding an  extensive  view  of  the  St.  Lawrence 
down  as  far  as  the  island  of  Orleans— the  harbor  filled  with 
ships  immediately  before  it,  and  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river, 
with  Point  Levi,  the  village  of  D'Aubigny,  and  the  road  leading 
up  through  one  continuous  line  of  cottages  to  the  Falls  of 
Chaudi^re. 

"  The  site  on  which  the  Parliament  House  stood  is  of  even 
earlier  date  than  that  of  the  castle  of  St.  Lewis ;  there  being 
good  reason  to  believe  that  it  occupied  the  first  spot  of  ground 
which  was  cleared  by  Champlain  for  his  fort,  on  founding  the 
city  in  1608.  Here,  too,  as  at  the  castle,  the  site  stands  on  a 
mass  of  rock  made  level  by  art,  and  extending  to  the  brink  of  a 
perpendicular  precipice,  of  about  100  feet  above  the  river,  the 
narrowest  part  of  which  is  commanded  by  its  guns.  Along  the 
edge  of  this  precipice,  beyond  the  area  occupied  by  the  late 
Parliament  House,  still  runs  the  Grand  Battery  of  Quebec,  the 
promeriade  on  which,  and  the  view  from  its  platform,  is  scarcely 
inferior  to  that  already  described  on  the  site  of  the  old  castle 
of  St.  Lewis." 


144 


QUEBEC. 


P.,»,N,  OF  ABBAHAM-This  celebrated  tottte-fleW  lies  a, 
short  distance  southwest  of  the  citadel.    A  monument  «  he  e 
r    ted  on  the  spot  where  Gen.  Wolfe  is  said  to  h-e  med.^tt> 
this  simple  inscription  =  "  H^efell  Wolfe  mctar,ov.      A  beau 
"onumentl  also  erected,  of  recent  date,  to  the  memon 
of  both  Wolfe  and  Montcalm,  within  the  city  walls,  with  this 
Wion :  "  Mmonal  m^ory  of  Wolf,  ani  MonUalm." 
WOLFE'S  MONUMENT-QUEBEC. 

"  HEBB  FELL  WOLFB  VICTOKIOtTS." 

A  broken  column !  few  and  brief 
The  words  inscribed  upon  ita  stone , 

Yet  speaks  it  of  the  dying  chief, 
Triumphant  tales  alone ! 


n 


It  tells  unfading  glory  shed 

Upon  the  hero's  parting  hour , 
Dying  beside  the  host  he  led, 

To  victory  and  to  power ! 
The  trumpet's  tone,  the  battle  shout, 

All  sounds  of  triumph  come  agam. 
As  shines  the  brief  inscription  out, 

Upon  the  storied  plain. 

The  clashing  sword,  the  cannon's  roar. 

The  beating  of  the  wild  war  drum ; 
And  theTa8?fhout,  "They  fly!"  once  more 

On  fancy's  vision  come. 

And  marching  round  tbe  hero's  bod, 

With  banners  floating  free  and  i&vc  , 
Are  seen  the  host  he  nobly  led 

For  England's  glory  there. 

Riit  vears  have  passed,  UA  silence  reigns 
Where  once  was  heard  the  battle  cheer ; 

Of  all  the  trophies  naught  remains— 
This,  only  this,  is  here. 

A  broken  column !  brief,  yet  high 

The  eulogy  ita  words  convey ; 
Thus  in  the  triumph  hour  U)  die, 

Breathes  not  of  earth's  decay. 

Wolfe  fell  in  the  moment  of  victory,  and  Montcalm  who  wa 
^.vtallv  wounded  in  the  action,  expired  soon  after.     The 
^T^Z::^.^  by  the  loss  of  the  battle  and_  the  death 
of  their  commander-in-chief,  surrendered  the  <^»y;-— 
»  single  battery  had  been  opened  against  ,t^  ^  TJC  ft. 

V  nt'which  transferred  the  possession  "^  C»;*»^^;-»,^' 
French  to  the  English  nation,  occurred  on  the  13th  Sept., 


*«■ 


QUEBEC. 


145 


d  lies  a 
t  is  here 
ed,  with 
A  beau- 
nemories 
with,  this 
calmy 


tn,  who  was 
after.  The 
I  the  death 

is  important 

la  from  the 

Sept.,  1759 


The  following  is  an  English  account  of  the  attack  on  Quebec 
by  Montgomery  and  Arnold,  in  1775  and  1776 : 

"At  the  period  of  the  American  Revolution,  it  is  well  known 
that  Canada  did  not  join  the  revolted  colonies,  but  continued 
brm  in  her  allegiance  to  the  Crown;  and  hence  it  became  the 
I?"-.  A  i"5^^®  ^  ^^^  °^^°y  loyalists  who  were  driven  from  the 
U  nited  States  by  the  success  of  their  war  of  Independence.     A  s 
It  was  believed,  however,  by  the  Americans  of  that  day,  that  an 
attack  on  Quebec  would  be  successful,  and  if  so,  would  iftduce 
all  Canada  to  jom  their  cause,  such  an  attack  was  planned,  and 
Its  execution  committed  to  two  American  generals,  Montgomery 
and  Arnold     1      British  troops  usually  retained  in  Canada  for 
Its  defense  had  been  sent  on  to  Boston,  so  that  the  province  was 
almost  destitute  of  military  force,  there  being  scattered  throuo-h- 
out  all  Canada  only  about  800  men.    In  this  state  of  thiS^ s 
Uen.  Montgomery  advanced  from  Lake  Champlainon  St.  John'^s, 
and  after  a  short  resistance  took  it ;  he  then  marched  on  a^-ainst 
Montreal,  which  being  perfectly  defenseless,  surrendered  to  the 
American  arms  on  the  12th  of  November,  1775.    At  the  same 
time  Gen.  Arnold  was  known  to  Montgomery  to  be  advancing 
toward  Quebec,  from  tlie  New  England  States,  by  way  of  thT 
Kennebec  River  through  Maine,  which  at  this  late  period  of  the 
year  was  a  most  daring  undertaking.     After  passing  thirty- two 
days  in  the  wild  forests  and  swamps,  and  suffering  almost  in- 
credible hardships  and  privations  in  this  hitherto  untrodden 
wilderness,  Arnold  and  his  followers  reached  the  banks  of  the 
bt.  Lawrence,  by  the  Chaudi^re  River,  on  the  4th  of  November, 
m  the  same  year.     From  thence  they  descended  to  Point  Levi, 
opposite  to  Quebec,  where  they  arrived  on  the  9th,  crossed  over 
on  the  night  of  the  13th,  and  landed  500  men  at  Wolfe's  Cove 
without  being  perceived  either  by  the  sentries  or  from  the  ships 
of  war.  '■ 

"On  the  1st  of  December  this  force  was  joined  by  a  much 
larger  one  under  General  Montgomery,  from  Montreal.  By 
these  two  the  city  was  invested,  and  several  bombardments  of 
it  made  wit^i  shot  and  shells,  but  without  producing-  much 
ettect.  A  night  attack  was  at  length  determined  on  by  Mont- 
gomery on  the  southern,  and  Arnold  on  the  northern,  side  of 
the  Lower  Town.  Both  attacks  were  made  with  great  courage 
and  impetuosity,  but  both  failed.  In  the  former.  Gen.  Mont- 
gomery and  nearly  all  his  personal  staff  wore  killed ;  in  the 
latter,  Gen.  Arnold  was  wounded,  and  with  most  of  his  follow- 
ers taken  prisoners.  The  loss  of  the  Americans  in  these  attacks 
was  upward  of  100  killed  and  wounded,  and  of  the  British, 
only  one  naval  officer  killed,  and  seventeen  men  killed  and 
wounded.    The  Americans  did  not,  however,  give  up  the  attempt 


^^1 


i4e 


QUEBEC. 


i 


\\\<m 


>!||||  {,'11 


to  rea.ce  Quebec ;  as,  f -^  ^^^ ^nflSTnv^K^^^^^  -^ 
tinued  to  receive  reinforcemen^  and  to  invest  ^^^^^^^ 

in  the  spring  of  the  year  ^^^^^"g^^Sn.the  English  com- 
thcir  attack  on  the  «^*^^«K  Jj^.eiv^  a^^mportant  accession 
mander  of  the  gamson.  having  ^^1  sqSadrorunder  the  com- 

tl,ey  retreated,  and  abandoned  their  P*^  ^       .  foreign 

"^  '^^-1'  lSl*t  ',^rbd  ThfciUde^  h^s°te'en  gradually 
foe,  and  as  since  that  perioa  w«  ^         guccesaive  governor  of 

Btringthened  and  i^^Pr?^^^; ;^^;Jf4XyresTrr  t^^^^^^        the  force 

Stt;S?f:en!r»TeV:^aVtceU.elytobebr«„gU 

aRainat  it  from  this  continent. 

GENEH.L  MoKTooMERV.-  -A  tablet  ha3  been  placed  on  the 
roTof ";:  Duunond,  near  the  spot  where  General  Montgomery 
f^^uh  his  two  aids-de-oamp,  Majors  McPherson  ani  Cheeso- 
ml;  aPres-de-viUe,  in  the  attack  upon  Quebec  by  the  Amer- 

'Thftiristir;"  S tt  rron.  the  road,  and  bears 
the  following  inscription : 

MAJOR-GENERAL  MONTGOMERY  FELL, 

DECEMBER   3l8T,  1775. 

.  It  has  long  heen  a  -tte^f  eujns^^^^^^^ 
the  United  States,  who,  ^^""gJl^^ 'X^tldX,  that  no  clue 
continual  stream  of  visitors  '^^.^^f^^  „^t  wh^^^^^ 
could  be  found  by  them  to  mdj^^  ^^^^^  ^^,  f.lonial 

Sory^t  ?r  nS;  ^  lasXst^ntruggle  before  the  city 

^'X^io  is  -ch  indebted  to  the^^^^^^^^^^ 

labor  he  has  bestowed  in  ^^^"S^^f  ,^'^^^^^  and  this  tab- 

:.  .  .  _i  _^^;v.;onotir'.fts  connected  witn  tne  civjj  ";"^  ,_i__„:^ 
nisDoriu^ii  icirL.«..>"  -—  „  nvnnf  of  the  interest  ne  iA^v:a  m 
let,  erected  ''J  >"■"•  ".Jfi^f  o?OTery  incident  connected  with 
™rpctuating  *^/^^f  ^ZrablJevUs  illuming  the  annals 
*rouT^eran  G^altarr  Sea  IUwk.n.'  Quebec. 


i 


VICINITY    OF    QUEBEC. 


147 


VICINITY  OF  QUEBEC. 

Quebec,  the  Ultima  Thule  of  most  travelers,  stands  not 
alone  in  regard  to  attractions  of  interest.  In  the  Vicinity, 
within  a  few  hours'  ride,  are  located  waterfalls  and  varied 
scenery  of  the  most  rcmantic  character,  while  the  banks  of  the 
Lower  St.  Lawrence  and  Saguenay  rivers  stand  unrivaled  in 
scenic  grandeur, 

EXCURSION    TO    CAPE    ROUGE. 

On  this  excursion  you  leave  the  city  by  the  St.  Lewis  Gate, 
and  cross  the  Plains  of  Abraham  to  the  right  of  the  spot  where 
Wolfe  fell.  A  mile  from  the  gate  is  the  Race  Course^  which  is 
thronged  during  the  spring  and  fall  races ;  and  a  mile  farther, 
a  road  branching  to  the  left  leads  to  Wolfe's  Cone,  celebrated 
as  the  place  where  he  landed  with  his  army  previous  to  the 
capture  of  Quebec,  but  now  occupied  by  an  extensive  ship-yard 
and  lumber-yard.  The  road  beyond  runs  for  some  distance 
through  a  fine  grove,  with  avenues  leading  to  various  pleasant 
country  residences  overlooking  the  river,  of  which  you  catch  aa 
you  pass  along  occasional  glimpses,  together  with  the  opposite 
shore  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Chaudiere  Falls. 

Returning  by  the  St.  Foi  road,  and  facing  toward  the  city, 
the  prospect  is  far  wider  and  more  magnificent.  Below  and  to 
the  left  stretches  the  fine  cultivated  valley  of  the  St.  Charles, 
bounded  on  the  northwest  by  a  picturesque  range  of  mountains, 
the  settlements  reaching  to  their  very  base,  with  villages  and 
church  spires  scattered  over  the  intervening  region ;  in  another 
direction  appear  the  Falls  of  the  Montmorenci  i^nd  the  Isle  of 
Orleans,  and  in  front  spreads  the  harbor  of  Quebec,  with  the  bold 
cliffs  of  Cape  Diamond  and  Point  Levi  rising  perpendicularly 
on  each  side,  the  former  crowned  with  impregnable  bulwarks. 

The  Falls  of  Lorette,  situated  eight  miles  northwest  of 


-V.-WJ    iri  V    TxcriVw-. 


'.iViiiliiVj 


;ii;iii   wui 


a  small  volume  of  water.  They  have  a  descent  of  about  50  feet, 
j|nd  are  surrounded  by  very  fine  scenery,  peculiar  to  this  section 
of  Canada. 


148 


VICINITY    OP   QUEBEC. 


The  Indian  Village,  at  the  faUs.is  inhabited  by  the  remaiB, 
of  the  once  powerful  tribe  of  the  Hurons. 

The  hills  or  mountains  on  the  northwest  of  Lorette  may  be 
said  to  be  the  bounds  of  white  settlements  in  North  Amenoa. 
although,  at  no  distant  period,  the  upper  Saguenay  Bmr  and 
Lake  St.  John  will,  no  doubt,  be  reached  in  this  direction  by 
railroad.  „„«, 

FALLS   OF   MONTMORENCI. 

In  goin-  to  the  Falls  of  Montmorenci,  which  should  be  visited 
by  every  fover  of  picturesque  natural  scenery,  you  pass  through 
the  suburbs  of  Quebec,  mostly  inhabited  by  French  Canadians, 
and  cross  the  river  St.  Charles,  near  its  mouth,  by  a  wooden 
toll  bridge.  Here  are  situated  on  the  roadside  several  pretty 
country  residences,  on  the  route  to  Beauport,  which  is  a  long 
scattered  village  about  halfway  betv.een  Quebec  ana  Mon  mo- 
renci,  although  for  most  of  the  distance  there  are  dwellings 
so  contiguous  as  to  appear  Uke  one  continued  settlement. 
At  Beauport  there  is  a  Roman  Catholic  church  with  three 
SDires-  and  a  Httle  farther  north  may  be  seen  a  neat  monu- 
inent  and  cross  near  the  road,  where  are  frequently  found  per- 

sons  kneeling  at  their  devotions.  ,     .  , ,      ., 

The  celebrated  Montmokenci  Falls,  situated  eight  miles 
below  Quebec,  is  a  grand  cataract.    The  river  i.  but  60  loe 
wide,  but  the  height  of  the  falls  is  240  feet.    The  effect  on  the 
beholder,  says  Professor  Silliman,  is  delightful.     All  strangers 
at  Quebec  proceed  to  visit  Montmorenci. 

"  The  effect  of  the  view  of  these  falls  on  the  beholder  is  most 
df^lioiitful  The  river,  at  some  distance,  seems  suspended  m  the 
air  hi  a  sheet  of  billowy  foam,  and,  contrasted  as  it  is,  wi  h 
the  bhick  frowning  abyss  into  which  it  falls,  i  is  an  o\ect  of 
Ihl  hidTest  interest.  The  sheet  of  foam,  which  hrst  breaks 
nv!r  tW  Sse  is  m^^  and  more  divided  as  it  plunges  and  is 
Setag^Ifr^^^^^^^^^ 

S^S^^rSp^bot^^^^^ing'Trand^revolvi^ 
abound  the  torrent  till  it  becomes  lighter  and  more  evanescent 
f^onthP  whitest  fleecy  clouds  of  summer,  than  the  finest  at» 
enuatec  ^etthan'the  ifghtest  gossamer,  constituting  the  mos 
a'ry  and  sumptuous  drapery  that  can  be  imagmed.     \  et,  hke 


VICINITY    OF    QUEBEC. 


149 


i«fia^oTlJ/^  '^"'^''^  *^®  ^^«"a^  Statues,  which,  while  it 

hat'butexiL^^^^^  t'  '^T  ^^^«^*^'  this  d^^  no 

«Tho««  whn^  ^y  *^^s  ^ofele  cataract. 

cataract,  hke  some  huge  giant  of  fabulous  notoriety  » 

The  JV^«/«ra/  Steps,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  falls  above,  are  an 
object  of  much  interest,  and  there  are  many  excellent  fishing 
places  on  the  river,  rendering  it  a  favorite  resort  of  the  lovers 
of  angbng  and  romantic  scenery.  There  are  also  historical 
incidents  connected  with  this  neighborhood,  which  render  it 
almost  classic  ground. 

There  are  extensive  saw-mills  on  the  south  bank  of  the  river 
below  the  falls,  which  are  propelled  by  water-power  taken  from 
the  stream  above,  and  conveyed  for  about  half  a  mile  in  a  race- 
way.   These  mills  have.upward  of  a  hundred  saws  in  motion  at 
a  time  and  are  said  to  be  capable  of  completing  an  entire  cargo 
of  planks  in  a  single  day !    In  winter,  the  spray  rising  from  the 
falls  18  congealed,  and  often  presents  a  conical  mass  of  ice  100 
feet  and  upward  in  height.    It  was  on  the  high  grounds  north 
of  the  falls  that  Gen.  Wolfe  met  his  first  repulse,  when  he  at- 
tacked the  French,  a  short  time  before  his  triumph  on  the  Plains 
Of  Abraham.    He  was  here  driven  back,  and  compelled  to  re- 
embark,  with  the  loss  of  700  engaged  in  the  assault 

On  returning  to  Queoec  there  is  afforded  a  splendid  view  of 
the  city  and  citadel;  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  the  opposite  shore 
above  and  below  Point  Levi ;  the  beautiful  island  of  Orleans 
opposite  the  falls,  and  the  rich  valley  of  the  St.  Charles. 

The  Falls  of  St.  Anne  are  situated  on  the  river  of  the 
eame  name,  on  the  north  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  24  miles  be- 
low Quebec,  and  presents  a  singular  variety  of  wild  and  beauti- 
tul  scenerv.  hnf.li  in  fiiQr«o/.i^„c  „_j  j.i__.     .  ,.   . 

,  T,  "'  --^rci3  aiiu  tiiciT  immeaiate  neighbor- 

J^\i.    I  Jr'i''^  ^'"'^'^  '^'^^  ^^  *^'  ^^y'  *^«  tourist  can 
rTach  t    A      ^  /^^^*"^^^^^«^'  '^-^  *^e  objects  contiguous,  and 

vLr.rVlr^        ^^"'""'^"''^"^'^"^^^S  *^«  ^«^t  morning  to 
visit  the  falls,  and  the  remainder  of  the  day  to  return  to  Quebec 


"Il 


,gQ  VICINITV    OF    QDKBKC. 

q.r   rHAKi.E9   13  miles  north  of  Quebec,  is  a  favorite 

;t '.  5  i. «.» «... .».  ■«»- » •"  ■'•'■■"  "•  •" 

beautiful  effect  of  the  ^^^ '  ""^  f'^,  /  sunshine  a  most  si  ondid 
Bpread  by  the  ^^^^  Pj-o^^^^^^^  of  the  woods, 

variety  of  prismatic  colors.  |»^^^^^  ^  .  f  f^e  river,  forms 
that  oi  each  f' Vr^^''ZT^'^T7u.glnce  of  the  falling 
a  striking  contrast  ^^^^.Y^^^^.J;  flood,  a-itated  among  the 
torrent;  the  hurried  .^^.^"f^^f*^^^^^^^  St.  Lawrence, 

rocks  and  ^^oUows,  as  it  torc^^i^^^^^^^  .^^^^f^  f 

and  the  incessant  f  ^^  ^fjf^^^'^X  upon  the  senses,  and  amply 

^Tfi'es^te'cuS^^^^^^  .        . 

'  ofv  I^nrtCabove  falls,  the  tourist  crosses  the  river  to 

Pol. "and  then  obtains  a  conveyance  for  the  excursion, 
passing  up  the  St.  Lawrence  for  a  few  miles. 

DISTANCES  TEOM  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^  '''''''''^'^f'' 

^            T  .30 

QUEBEC  to  Gbosse-Isle ^q_^q 

*'  St.  Thomas 02.72 

•«  lliver  Quelle VISA 

«  Murray  Ba.y g  qq 

((  Kamouraska o^-, iQ 

«  Riviere  du  Loup 10-120 

««  KaKLOUNA jt^Q 

.«  Tad©usac 54-184 

it  Ha-Ha  Bay lfi_200 

CHICQUTIMI -^^  ^^^ 


Lvorite 
igling, 
to  re- 
of  the 
lem,  as 
are  all 

le  miles 
ivrence, 
jt  higb 
;  is  Col. 

>ck  into 
3volving 
ease  the 
quickly 
81  .endid 
e  woods, 
iT,  forms 
e  falling 
long  the 
awrence, 
elf,  form 
id  amply 

river  to 
xcursion, 


IMI,  ETC. 

Miles. 

30 

10-40 

32-72 

12-84 

6-90 

f>A    1  1  A 

10-120 

130 

54-184 

16-200 


TABLE    OF    DISTANCES. 


151 


TABLE  OF  DISTANCES  BETWEEN  QUEBEC  AND  KINGSTON. 
via  ST.  LAWRENCE  KIVER.  vroxvxi, 


From 
Mllei.    Quebec. 

0 
45 
80 
110 
125 
170 
179 
197 
198 
201 
203 
208 
224 
237 


QUEBEC 0 

Richelieu  Rapids. . .  .45 

Three  Rivers 35 

Lake  St.  Peter 30 

William  Henky.  .  .15 

MONTREAL 45 

La  Chine, wm  Canal.  9 

Beauharnois 18 

Cascade  Rapids 1 

v^lV:  I  lock  "     3 

Col  ■>•  "     2 

r<..!>:  vu  Du  Lac 5 

Lancaster 16 

St.  Regis 13 

(N.  Y.  State  Line.) 
Cornwall 3      240 

(Long  Saut  Rapid.) 
Dickinson's  Landing.  10      2o0 

Farren's  Point 4      254 

Williamsburg 11      265 

Rapid  Plat 2      267 

Matilda 5      272 

Point  Iroquois 2      274 

Gallop  Rapids 6      280 

Prescott,  or 

Ogdensburgh 6      286 

Maitland 7      293 

Brockville 5      298 

(Thousand  Islands.) 

Gananoque 30      328 

KINGSTON 22      350 


PInccg. 


From 

Milen.    KiagBton. 

0 
22 


KINGSTON 0 

Gananoque 22 

(Thousand  Islands.) 

Bhockville 30  52 

Maitland 5  57 

Prescott,  or 

Ogden«burgh 7  64 

Gallop  Rapids 6  70 

Point  Iroquois 6  76 

MatilIja 2  78 

Rapid  Plat 6  83 

Williamsburg 2  85 

Farren's  Point 11  96 

Dickinson's  Landing.  4  100 

(Long  Saut  Rapid.) 

Cornwall 10  110 

St.  Regis 3  118 

(N.  Y.  State  Line.) 

Lancaster 13  126 

CoTEAU  DU  Lac  ...  16  142 

Cedar  Rapids 5  147 

Split  Rock  "  2  149 

Cascade      "  3  152 

Beauharnois 1  153 

La  Chine 18  171 

MONTREAL 9  180 

William  Henry.  .45  225 

Lake  St.  Peter 10  235 

Three  Kivebs 35  270 

Richelieu  Rapids. .  .35  305 

QUEBEC...' 45  350 


Distance  from  Quebec  to  Niagara  Falls,  570  miles. 
Descent  in  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  from  Kingston  to  Quebec 
234  feet.  ' 


TEIP 


As  a  I 

kouna,  a 
few  year 
steamboi 
by  the  ai 

As  the 
stream,  j 
scended, 
of  the  cit, 

The  b€ 
sideofth( 
being  boi 
above  the 

The  ro 
Quebec,  i 
steamer,  ] 
feet  direc 
bank  of  i 
the  Engli 
capture  o1 
Were  repu 

The  IsL 
ing  the  ri> 
tract,  20  r 
a  beautif u 
the  water 
divided,  tl 
scenery  of 
population 
Lower  Car 


153 


TEIP  FROM  QUEBEC  TO  THE  SAGUEXAY  HIVER. 


As  a  trip  down  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Riviere  du  Loup,  Ka- 
kouna,  and  the  far-famed  river  Saguenay  has,  within  the  last, 
few  years,  become  a  fashionable  and  exceedingly  interesting 
steamboat  excursion,  we  subjoin  an  account  of  such  trip  marll 
by  the  author  some  few  years  since. 

As  the  steamboat  left  the  wharf,  she  took  a  graceful  turn  up 
stream,  passing  a  74  gun-ship  of  the  Royal  Navy,  and  then  de- 
scended, running  close  under  Point  Levi,  affording  a  fine  view 
of  the  city  and  citadel  of  Quebec. 

The  beautiful  line  of  settlements  below  the  city,  on  the  same 
side  of  the  river,  next  attracts  attention ;  the  view  in  the  distance 
being  bounded  by  hills,  apparently  elevated  1,500  to  2,000  feet 
above  the  waters  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

The  romantic  Falls  of  Montmorenci,  seven  miles  below 
Quebec,  are  seen  to  great  advantage  from  the  deck  of  the 
steamer,  plunging  over  an  almost  perpendicular  precipice  of  240 
feet  directly  into  this  great  river.  Lnmediately  below,  on  the 
hank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  was  fought  a  severe  battle  between 
the  English  and  French  armies,  a  short  time  previous  to  the 
capture  of  Quebec  by  Gen.  Wolfe,  in  1769,  in  which  the  British 
were  repulsed  with  considerable  loss. 

The  Island  of  Orleans  is  next  passed  on  the  left,  descend- 
ing the  river  through  the  principal  ship  channel.  This  is  a  fertile 
tract,  20  miles  long  by  five  or  six  wide,  and  in  part  covered  with 
a  beautiful  growth  of  forest.  It  rises  from  50  to  100  feet  above 
the  water,  and  the  stream  of  the  St.  Lawrence  being  here 

divided,  thfi  RsnPf^f.  nf  +».«  oi,^ _i.  .    ,  - 

,  .--  __„„„„  ,,.    ,„^.  oixuiCB  a,;,  uuuo  reminas  you  of  the 

scenery  of  the  Hudson  River  above  the  Highlands.    It  has  a 

population  of  about  7,000  souls,  and  produces  the  finest  fruit  in 

Lower  Canada,  excepting  that  ra-sed  in  the  vicinity  of  Montreal 


154  QUEBEC    TO    THE    8AQUENAY    RIVER,    ETC. 

St  Patrick's  Hole,  eleven  miles  below  Quebec,  on  the 
Orleans  shore,  affords  a  fine  anchorage  for  vessels  of  the  largest 
size  It  was  here,  some  30  years  ago,  that  the  immense  timber 
Ship  was  built,  supposed  to  be  the  largest  vessel,  by  far,  that 
ever  crossed  the  Atlantic. 

The  Parish  of  St.  Laurent,  U  miles  below  Quebec,  is  hand- 
K  -uely  situated  on  the  southeast  side  of  the  island,  which  is  set- 
tied  exclusively  by  French  Canadians,  mostly  engaged  in  culti. 
vating  the  soil.  The  dwellings  have  a  remarkably  neat  look, 
being  one  story  high,  with  both  roof  and  sides  painted  white. 

The  southeast  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  for  many  miles  be- 
low  Point  Levi,  presents  a  succession  of  villages  and  hamlets, 
consisting  each  of  a  cluster  of  houses  with  a  church  standing  in 
the  midst,  an*  with  its  aspect  of  guardianship  and  guidance  to 
the  famines  dwelling  around,  imparting  to  the  landscape  a 
moral    expression,  which    greatly  enhances    its    picturesque 

^'^Tvessels  usually  seen  on  this  part  of  the  St.  Lawrence  are 
of  the  larger  class  of  merchant  ships.  The  arrivals  at  the  port 
of  Queb^  average  some  1,400  to  1,500  annually,  mostly  from 
Great  Britain,  and  besides  other  colonial  produce,  they  carry 
back  immense  quantities  of  timber  and  lumber. 

Mabam  ISX.ANB,  26  miles  from  Quebec,  is  one  of  severa 
smallislandslyingbelowOrleans.    The  river  ^ere  widens  to  ten 
miles,  which  graduaUy  increases  all  the  way  to  ^^s  mouth    an 
for  most  of  the  distance  there  are  two  ship  channels,  called  th 
north  and  south  channels,  the  latter  being  the  best  and  most 

'tf plIoUKMENT,  30  miles  below  Quebec,  is  a  ^^  Promon. 
tory  on  the  northwest  ride  of  the  river  rising  to  the  height  of 
about  2,000  feet,  and  seen  at  a  great  distance.    Here  the  seen- 

ery  is  truly  grand.  _       _  .  ,_  ,^^  ^. «^«, 

Grosse  Island,  opposite  Uape  Tonrmem,  us  .^.  T"'""'., 
station  for  vessels  ascending  ilie  river,  and  it  has  a  hospital 
Eoman  CathoUc  chapel,  and  other  buildings  usually  connected 
with  such  an  establishment. 


"lr 


c. 

bee,  on  the 
'  the  largest 
ense  timber 
by  far,  that 

»ec,  is  hand- 
vhich  is  set- 
ged  in  culti- 
if  neat  look, 
:e<i  white, 
ny  miles  be- 
,nd  hamlets, 
L  standing  in 

guidance  to 
landscape  a 

picturesque 

[jawrence  are 

la  at  the  port 
,  mostly  from 
je,  they  carry 

ae  of  several 
1  widens  to  ten 
a  mouth ;  and 
.els,  called  the 
best  and  most 

,  bold  promon- 

the  height  of 

lere  the  seen- 


lie     TgirLTf  •■!• 

is  a  hospital,  a 
lally  connected 


QUEBEC    TO    TIIK    8AOUENAY    RIVJSR,    ETC.  155 

St.  Thomas,  4U  miles  from  Quebec,  on  the  southeast  shore, 
is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  a  stream  called  South  River.  The 
shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence  is  lined  with  a  succession  of  dwellings 
for  many  miles  below,  with  high  grounds  rising  in  the  distance, 
beyond  which  may  occasionally  be  seen  the  hills  formerly 
claimed  by  the  Americans,  as  the  boundary  between  the  State 
of  Maine  and  Canada.  Here  terminates  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  for  the  present,  but  will  be  extended  soon  some  100 
miles  farther,  to  Trois  Pistoles. 

Crane  Island,  45  miles  below  Quebec,  is  fertile  and  settled. 
Its  north  end  is  adorned  with  the  delightful  residence  of  the 
Seigneur. 

Goose  Island,  50  miles  from  Quebec,  is  owned  by  the  Nans, 
and  is  cultivated  as  a  farm,  by  tenants. 

The  Pillars,  60  miles  below  Quebec,  is  the  name  given  to 
several  small  rocky  islets,  on  one  of  which  stands  a  light-house. 
Here  the  scenery  is  peculiarly  grand  and  interesting.  The  vast 
estuary  of  the  river  below  looks  indeed  like  an  opening  to  the 
ocean.  The  shores  for  some  ten  miles  onward  are  studded  with 
shining  residences,  while  the  hills  in  the  distance,  on  both  sides, 
resemble  very  much  the  scenery  bordering  the  widest  part  of 
Lake  Champlain. 

Sixty-five  miles  below  Quebec  is  the  remarkable  channel 
called  the  Traverse.  A  floating  light  guides  the  mariner  by 
night  through  this  narrow  and  dangerous  passage. 

Isle  aux  Coudres  (Isle  of  Filberts)  is  a  large  body  of  land 
lying  toward  the  north  shore,  opposite  the  Bay  of  St.  Paul's, 
and  about  65  miles  from  Quebec.  It  is  said  that  when  Jacques 
Cartier  anchored  here,  m.  his  first  voyage  of  discovery  up  the 
St.  Lawrence,  he  gave  this  island  the  name  it  yet  bears,  from 
the  quantity  of  filberts',  or  hazel  nuts,  which  he  found  there. 

St.  Anne  stands  on  the  southeast  shore,  on  a  bay  of  the  same 
name.  Here  is  a  Catholic  college  and  a  settlement  of  consider- 
able size,  about  70  miles  from  Quebec. 

As  you  approach  Goose  Cape,  75  miles  below  Quebec,  the 
banks  of  the  river  seem  to  decline  in  the  distance ;  the  river 


'I 


IM  f 


156  QUEBEC    TO    THE    SAGUENAY    RIVER,    ETC. 

now  being  free  of  islands,  presents  a  large  expanse  of  water, 
here  being  about  18  miles  wide. 

Murray  Bay,  80  miles  below  Quebec,  lies  on  the  northwest 
side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same 
name.  This  is  a  fine  section  of  country,  producing  wheat  and 
otherkinds  of  grain  in  abundjince.  Beyond  this  place  is  seen  a 
beautiful  range  of  hills,  terminating  at  Cape  Eagle  and  Cape 
Salmon  on  the  east.  This  delightful  place  has  become,  withiu  a 
few  years,  a  fashionable  summer  resort  for  the  Canadians. 

Kamouraska,  situated  90  miles  below  Quebec,  on  the  south- 
east side  of  the  river,  contains  about  1,500  inhabitants,  and  is 
surrounded  by  a  fruitful  district.  Vessels  can  land  here  only 
at  high  water;  i  )  low  water,  passengers  are  taken  ashore  in 
smaU  boats.  In  the  rear  of  this  village  are  seen  abrupt  and 
sterile  hills  with  little  or  no  verdure.  In  front  are  two  or  three 
small  islands,  chiefly  resorted  to  for  fishing  and  bathing,  this 
being  a  favorite  resort,  during  the  summer  months,  for  the 
citizens  of  Montreal  and  Quebec,  and  is  no  doubt  destined  to 
become  a  fashionable  watering-place,  where  sea-bathing  can  be 
enjoyed  by  invalids  and  seekers  of  pleasure. 

About  105  miles  below  Quebec  are  the  Pilgrim  Islands,  a 
group  of  rocky  islets  which  are  passed  to  the  right.  On  the  left, 
a  few  miles  below,  is  Hare  Island,  near  the  middle  of  the  river, 
The  settlement  at  the  Kiviere  du  Loup,  110  miles  beloT? 
Quebec,  on  the  southeast  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  contains  about 
1  500  inhabitants.  Here  commences  the  great  road  from  the 
St.  Lawrence  River  to  the  St.  John's,  by  the  way  of  the  Mada- 
waska  River  and  settlement. 

Cacona  or  Kakouna,  120  miles  b§low  Quebec  is  a  fashion- 
able sea-bathing  resort.  , .    ,  . 

Red  Island  lies  off  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay,  this  being 
the  first  island  of  the  small  group  met  on  ascending  the  St. 
Lawrence.  It  is  destitute  of  a  light,  and  has  caused  many  ship- 
wrecks during  the  prevalence  of  fogs  and  storms,  so  frequent  on 
the  lower  part  of  the  river  and  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Green 
Island  lies  nearly  opposite  Red  Island,  on  the  southeast. 


'T^^ssife"" 


of  water, 

northwest 
the  same 
Yheat  ami 
8  is  seen  a 
and  Cape 
!,  within  a 
lians. 
the  south- 
ats,  and  is 
I  here  only 
,  ashore  in 
bbrupt  and 
vo  or  three 
,thing,  this 
IS,  for  the 
destined  to 
ling  can  be 

Islands,  a 
On  the  left, 
if  the  river, 
niles  heloTT 
itains  ahout 
,d  from  the 

the  Mada- 

3  a  fashion- 

,  this  being 
ling  the  St. 
.  many  ship- 
frequent  on 

36.      GeEEN 

beast. 


QUEBEC    TO    THE    SAGUKNAY    RIVER 


ETC. 


157 


RIVEE  DU  LOUP  AND  KAKOUNA 

name  f^^m^L  w!  whiXf^^^^^^^^^^^  situated  village,  taking  its 
Purposes  of  an  elteisTv^saw-Z?  I  I'T  ""^^^  ^T^^^^^  ^«^  *he 
by  its  precipitation  ovir  ^vk^}\f  Zt'^'^^'^^J ^^'""^  created 
beautiful  Riviere  duToupFflls'^  r^^''  ^*^^«V°'"^  *^«  ^^^^ 
settlers  (the  word  beina  used  in  ?«  J.  1  ^""^  ""  ^'^  "  J^^^g^ish" 
ingfrom"FreS''ranr«  .w      S®^^?^  sense  as  distinguish- 

is  Itationed  hero  L  milestoKv  "^  *^  ?^"^^^  ^^  ^^^^^"^ 
of "  Kakouxa,    CO  adoS  the  In^^'-  "   ^'  "^      *^'  ^^"^^^ 

ing  gradually  till^t  attains  a  coSeraWe  Lev.  r''*''>n'^ 
concession,  wliere  another  vilW  nn^i  .1.  ^T^*'*'''  ""^  ^^^  ^^^r 
front  of  the  Kakouna  ridle  rcuSin  of  tZ^  /''  P^^^^^^"     ^^^ 
the  village  and  the  beach.    The  ^ewf^om^K^^^^^^^^ 
pleasing.    The  river  stretr^hPQ  r»Tf  i.>      -J^  Kakouna  is  very 
twentyffive  miles      The  ?aSw«T     '  • '"'  '*  "'  ^  ^^^^^^  ^i^th  of 
of  mountain^    AmU  them^^^^^^  continuous  succession 

bouchure  of  the  Sa^ienav  tT?^  ^  the  scarcely  visible  em- 
grim  and  solidary  ^MSay^^t^  ^Zf^.P^?'^  rocks  look 
rounding  waters     Pw^lnw   &„r  r  ?'^  ^'^^^  ^^^ni  the  sur^ 

river,  fo?m7ng  a  iay  feWs^t  o'fT^  J'^^^^  P^"J^«*«  ^"^^  the 
an  enchanting  spectacle  tLJ''!^"''''-^  sometimss  presents 
and  shin^Yith  the  sSiino.^^!..^  5^^^  ",P?^"^S  waters  gleam 
declining  su        l^CS  ini    •  ^^^^^T^^'^"^  *^^«  ^^^s  of  the 

the  gleaming  dark  blue  river  wWch  In  v.f^-    f '^^"S^i^  ^ith 

the  eye  can  °  each,  the  widrexpln^^^^^^^^  ^-'^r  "^ 

of  every  hue— its  nlm  r^Tn!?   i.    Skitters,  as  if  set  with  gems 

nature^  tJcif'         ""'^  '"  "  '""'^i-iatiou  from  nature  up  to 
Now  easf  of  aoco^rwS  aS^SSloTatSf  *?, 


»,,,«    cArTTPVAY    R1VKH>    ETC. 
158  QUKBKC    TO    TUP.    SAGUENAY 

daily  mail,  those  places  are  ^Z^yZ^^ZL^^K^^nt 
to  There  is  now  «i^«^^°«^^^'^l,*^' wSs  and  a  good  board- 
where  are  two  large  and  ^^^l^^^^;^^^^^^^^^^ 

ing-house.  These  contain  ^^'^J'^^ll^^^  these  and  providing 
accommodated  in  the  farm-housesYre^^^^^  independent  plan, 
for  themselves.    This  is  *.  ««^^^^^^^^^^^  the  practice  is  be- 

The  houses  are  i^^P'f^^^g/^J'r  Canadian  families  having  a 
ginning  to  be  f  *^^^«^?^,f  v,*take  ttemL^^  so  as  to  give  to 
fmaller  house,  to  J^^Vj^^^^^ ^^^^^^^  A  few  home 

the  visitors  control  of  the  whole  01  ine  Rakouna  is  not 

comforts  will  naturally  ^«J^,^f  |' ^^^^  of  a  few  comforts 
without  its  attractions,  f.«f^*^^Jf  ^eeW  when  regained.  A 
makes  one  appreciate  them  mor^  Beef ,  lK)ultry , 

baker  leaves  regularly  at  the  houses  goo  ^         ^^^ 

Ltton,   salmon,  herrmgs   pigeon^  ,f 

butter  present  a  bill  of  fare  ^^^^  «^^^^^  ^^^  blueberries  are 
starving,  while  strawberries,  raspbernes    a  strawberry 

besides  to  be  had  in  tli%g^?^*^\^„*.^^.f  a  singularly  excellent 
grows  in  peculiar  ^^^^^^rkle  The  children  of  the  vil- 
quality,  attaining  oiten  a  large  bi^^-  ^J^^  ^^^^  sportsman  will 
lage  reap  a  harvest  while  f  jy  ^J^^^^^^^  i^  the  streams 

not  tind  much  game,  through  trout  are^^un     ^^^^^^^.^^ 

and  lakes.  Jl\«''.t;/1:owever^  But Te  maik  recommendation 
for  walks  and  drives,  lio^fj^^.    the  comparative  moderation  of 

of  the  two  places  i^^^^f  ^^^J^'/'u^t  o^^^^^^  ^^^^^'^^  «^"'  **  *^^ 
the  temperature,  and  the  fact  that  op«n  air  ^^^^^^.^^^ 

periods  of  the  day.  be  ««^f  ,^-  ^eSy  cool.  On  the  whole, 
?,he  air  of  the  e^e^^°g,\^,f^f  licence  will  no  doubt  continue 
these  watering-places  ^^  *^^.^J„^^^SrB,  desirous  of  luxuri- 
to  attract  a  steady  annual  stream  otvisuo,  ^^.        ^^ile 

ating  in  a  ^^ol  atmo^^ere  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  f     ,    , 

A.  ycu  approach  the  ^^^f^^^^^^^^^        ^,es  below, 
waters  take  a  very  black  hu  ,  perce  v  ^^^  ^^^^^ 

and  extending  tar  into  the  St.  Law^^^^^       ^ 


'esortod 
iikouna, 
[  board- 
Llies  are 
roviding 
at  plan, 
ice  is  be- 
laving  a 
a  give  to 
ew  home 
aa  is  not 
comforts 
ined.     A 
poultry, 
ilk,   and 
finger  of 
rries  are 
pawberry 
excellent 
f  the  vil- 
sman  will 
le  streams 
ive  places 
nendation 
eration  of 
can,  at  all 
essive,but 
the  whole, 
)t  continue 
1  of  luxuri- 
ling,  while 
g  equal  or 
oae  intp  no- 
e  necessary 

River,  the 
niles  belo-ff, 
a  the  mouth 
ntain  peak, 
the  opposite 

a  the  north- 
tie  Saguenay 
ty  Company, 


OtTKBEC    TO    THE    SAGUKNAY    RIVER,    ETC.  159 

and  is  the  residence  of  one  of  its  partners  and  an  agent.    They 
alone  are  allowed  to  trade  with  the  Indians  in  the  interior,  who 
occasionally  visit  this  place,  but  more  frequently  Chicoutimi,  at 
the  h^ad  of  navigation  on  the  Saguenay,  and  the  post  at  the 
Lake  of  St.  Jolin,  where  some  of  the  company's  agents  also  re- 
side.    At  Tadousac  is  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  store,  and 
warehouse,  and  some  eight  or  ten  dwellings.     Here  is  erected 
a  flag-staff,  surrounded  by  several  pieces  of  cannon,  on  an  emi- 
nence  elevated  about  50  feet  and  overlooking  the  inner  harbor 
where  is  a  sufficient  depth  of  water  to  float  the  largest  vessels' 
This  place  was  early  settled  by  the  French,  who  are  said  to  have 
here  erected  the  first  dwelling  built  of  stone  and  mortar  in 
Canada,  and  the  remains  of  it  are  still  to  be  seen.     The  view  is 
exceedingly  picturesque  from  this  point.     The  southern  shore 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  may  be  traced  even  with  the  naked  eye  for 
many  a  league-the  undulating  lines  of  snow-white  cotta-es 
stretching  far  away,  both  east  and  west-while  the  scene^is 
rendered  gay  and  animated  by  the  frequent  passage  of  the 
merchant  vessel  plowing  its  way  tov.ard  the  port  of  Quebec 
or  hurrying  upon  the  descending  tide  to  the  Gulf^while  from 
the  summit  of  the  hill  upon  which  Tadousac  stands,  the  sublime 
and  impressive  scenery  of  the  Saguenay  rises  into  view. 


We  extract  from  the  Report  of  the  Commissioners  for  exr^lor- 
mg  the  Saguenay,  published  in  1829,  the  following  :  ' 

"  Upon  landing  at  Tadousac,  we  proceeded  immediatelv  f^ 
examme  a  few  of  the  geognostical  characters  of  thrSrv 
1  he  only  place  of  residence  here  is  erected  on  a  bank  T^mL 
^tlluvium,  elevated  about  fifty  feet  above  the  river,  rndforS 
a  flat  terrace  at  the  base  of  the  mountain,  whkh  .uSf 
merges  at  a  short  distance  behind.  The  rocks  Swh?  these 
mountains  are  composed  is  granite,  either  of  a  red  or^rLy  coW 
depending  upon  that  of  the  feldspar.  On  the  shore  ™sopn 
small  deposits  of  magnetic  iron     TW.  Ko"!  !rl^  Z'"^^. '^^^ 


IGO. 


SAGUENAY    RIVER. 


L'ANCE  A  L'E  AU,  ov  Water  Hakbor,  situated  on  the  Sague- 
nay,  about  a  half  a  mile  above  Tadousac,  is  the  name  of  a  set- 
tlement where  is  an  extensive  lumber  establishment. 

The  St  Lawrenck  River,  below  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay, 
assumes  an  imposing  appearance,  gradually  widening  until  its 
breadth  exceeds  one  hundred  miles. 


THE   SAGUENAY. 

-  This  river  has  its  mouth  according  to  ^<^f^'X7^^ln^e 
130  miles  below  Quebec,  on  the  north  shore  of  he  St  La^ence, 
in  latitude  48  deg.  6  min.  88  sec.  long.,  .0  ^^^f.^^^,  ^^^^lT^^'J 
from  Greenwich.     It  discharges  a  much  greater  body  ot  water 
Ihan  any  oTer  river  that  falfiinto  the  St  Lawrenc;    In^^^^ 
it  is  the  largest  river  in  North  America,  the  St.  La^^rence  ex 
cepted,  east  of  the  Allcghanies.  v  i.^  r^rp  «/    Tnhn 

-  It  takes  the  name  of  Saguenay  only  below  La'.e  «<•  ^^^«' 
which  lies  about  120  miles  N  by  W.  of  Quebec  From  Tadou^ 
Tac  a  distance  of  about  140  miles  to  the  lake,  the  course  of  the 
r^^r  is  nearly  eo.st  and  west,  Tadousac  being,  as  before  stated 
in  lat  48  deg.  6  min.  38  sec,  and  the  south  side  of  Lake  St. 
John  in  48  deg  28  min.  12  sec.  giving  only  16  miles  to  the 
north  of  Tadousac." 

This  lake,  which  is  nearly  circular,  is  about  40  miles  across, 
and  it  is  the  center  of  an  extensive  region,  the  waters  of  which 
flow  into  it  from  the  north,  the  west,  and  the  south,  in  twelve 
principal  rivers,  being  discharged  to  the  east  by  the  Saguenay. 
The  streams  which  flow  into  this  lake  from  the  south,  the 
west,  and  the  northwest  have  their  sources  in  a  mountainous 
tract  which  ranges  nearly  east  and  west  for  a  long  distance, 
and  then,  far  in  the  west,  bends  northwardly,  separating  these 
waters  from  those  which  seek  the  St.  Lawrence  above  Quebec 
and  the  Ottawa ;  and  regarding  them  in  their  still  wider  rela- 
tions,  they  are  part  of  the  extensive  range  of  highlands  which 
divide  the  basin  of  the  St.  Lawrence  from  that  of  Hudson  Bay 

and  its  triuutaries.  _ 

"  The  country,  the  waters  of  which  are  discharged  into  the 
St  Lawrence  by  the  Saguenay,  is  more  extensive  than  all  the 
re^to^ro^r  Canada;  but  it  has  till  lately  contained  prob- 
rbly:  not  more  than  a  few  hundred  Indian  families,  who  live  by 


8AGUENAY    RIVER. 


161 


huntmg  and  fishing,  and  exchange  their  surplus  with  lessees 
of  the  King's  Post  for  a  few  articles  of  imported  produce 

Hr^«  V^'r%'^«J^?  ^''^'^^  ^^  '^'  SaguSay  from  below  the 
Ha-Ha  Bay  to  the  St.  Lawrence,  a  distance  of  fifty  mlleril  ono 

In^^tr'"'^'"'  ^^  ^^^Ji^'"-     'J^liey  penetrate  thro^rl  moun" 
amous  tract,  composed  of  sienite  granite,  forming  an  immense 
canal  in  many  places,  with  banks  of  perpendicular  rocksSsW 
from  a  thousand  to  fifteen  hundred  feet  above  the  surface  of  hf 
river,  which  is  from  a  hundred  to  a  hundred  Tmi  mtl?u 
brL'Th'^  *'^  whole  way,  and  Jrorl'milTl' &^^^^^^ 
broad.    The  power  and  pride  of  man  is  as  much  hnmhiS  f« 

re%^f'Nhfara^^:[rf  ^"^  ^'^ '  ''  in  th^  il"p're" 
ence  oi  JNiagara  Falls.     In  many  places  the  largest  vessel  in«v 

run  close  to  the  perpendicular  rocks,  with  100  Choms  waTeT 

There  are,  however,  several  coves  iith  good  aSZr  In 

Ha-Ha  Bay  the  navy  of  England  might  ride  inf^-n^^L.  ! 

diffan^t  fi^'T-  /*  *r^  °^il-  bXt  ChLu^imrwhthS 
distant  68  miles  from  Tadousac,  the  spring  tide  rises  18  fppf 
and  there  IS  from  10  to  50  fathoms  at  low  wfter  The  tide  S 
th^l^^'T'"^  IS  navigable  seven  miles  above  ChicoutinS  wW 
the  rapiUs  of  the  outlet  of  Lake  St.  John  commence  Arf^! 
point  a  range  of  highlands  crosses  the  SaguTnay  extendi 
along  the  head  waters  of  the  Malbav  the  Gonffrp  fV!  t  ^ 
Cartier,  St.  Anne,  Batiscan,  and  St'^Mruri^e  a^'d^ 
south  and  western  side  of  the  basin  of  Lake  St.  John  Ttk  th^ 
Hudson  Bay  highlands  on  the  north  and  east  '  *^^ 

It  IS  only  within  a  few  years  that  there  have  been  anv  asri 

ZlTf  f  ""r  f^'^"^  «"  *"«  river.    The^oiUs  oTS 
tegrated  clay  and  granite,  with  limestone  in  some  place,     Thl 
general  level  of  the  land  above  Ha-IIa  Bav  ^7?.,  „    fu 
can  reach  from  the  river,  is  not  high  r  th?n    he  "C  „?  ol" 
leans,  although  more  broken.    The  timber  miyp,l    w^       , 
soft,  and  of  a^middling  growth.    The  cCll  S  m Mo?  if  anv 

ni  f '  .""""t  ",'  "^S"^"-     ^"''  *«  '"option  of  the  ridie  cro°i" 
"1^'T  ^"''o  St.  John,  already  mentioned,  thecounfry  to  a 

irii  o??L'zt  rs;r''"  ^"""•"''^  ™  "•»  -'"-* 

"On  enteriner  the  SaDniftnnv  finrv,  To/i^„« —u.'.,    . 

one  mile  Wide  at  its  moutY/tli^'hms'so;;^^^^^^ 

sen«n'  '^^''  ^''"^  ^^^  ^  ^'^^  ^««*  a^^«  tl^e  tKy  pre- 
senting an  appearance  somewhat  similar  to  the  entrance 'f?om 
the  north  into  the  '  Highlands'  of  the  Hudson  Rive?,  wUh  wS 


11^ 


162         QUEBEC    TO   THE    SAGUENAY   RIVER,    BTO. 

ing  twice  the  ^dth  of  the  Hudson. 

Tete  Dtr  BovLE,  a  round  mountain  peak,  rises  on  the  north 

IJZ  river  about  one  nule  from  its  mouth.    Here  the 

::^ls  and  hri;:  most,,  hare,  hnt  the  verdure  increases  a. 

'IhTLee  miles  from  Tadousa.,  the  river  i-lines  to  the 

ihnf.rrrare:rh::i^^^^^^^ 

n;:r:pL..s.  .en  on  the  north  shore  a  to.  miles  up 
and  elevated  several  hundred  feet  ahove  the  v.ater,  boar  a  stnk 
iuK  resemblance  to  the  human  f«se.  „„^.ranoe 

L  Uvr.  I...NI.  presents  a  rocky  --"  ^^^f^^'^^^Z 
It  lipa  eighteen  miles  above  Tadousao,  and  may  be  passed  Dy 
CveSl  eTther  side.    Here,  it  is  said,  fine  trout  may  be 

nTL^rutHtrriver  Marguerite,  on  the  north  shore 
J  a  St.  J  bus  Bay,  on  the  south,  are  lumber  estabUshment. 
rl  latter  28  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay. 

At  the  distance  of  34  miles  from  Tadousao.  on  t^  soaft 

,        „f  tl,^  river    are  two  enormous  masses  of  rock  callea 

shore  of  the  river,  "^  ^^      ^se  from  the 

ETKHN.TV  Pomx  and  l^l^2Tl7oOto.t^ni  so  abruptly 
water's  edge  to  the  ^<=;f  *  "J  ^j;if  °,,,  J^a  from  the  deck 
that  they  can  almost  be  ^f^^^  ^^^^,^^  .uff^  is 

of  the  passing  steame.    ''^^^^  ^  ,,,;,  ,,,», 

Sminruptir  vast  height,  Without  awe-without 
and  1  ft  h«  -J^s    p  ^^  ^^^^^^     g^^lt^,^ 

t^Iweenthem  is  a  lovely  recess  of  '^^'^"'^Zl^Z^glo^- 
iU  seque-tered  and  lonely  beauty  enhanced  by  its  strong  con 
tUTlIh  f.e  wild  grandeur  of  the  rest  of  the  scene.    (S« 
Engraving  ~) 


QUKBEO    TO    THE    SAGUEiVAY    RIVER.    ETC. 


163 


ippear- 
iveiag- 

e  north 
ere  the 
;ases  as 

}  to  the 
to  Chi- 

bwrence, 
a  great 

ty  miles 

ailes  np, 
a  strik- 

yearance. 
assed  hy 
t  may  be 

th  shore, 
lishments 

the  soath 
ick  called 
from  the 
)  abruptly 
Q  the  deck 
tin  cliffs  is 
heir  base, 
5— without 
Sheltered 

1111 VJ    •.••.'-,• 

trong  con- 
ene.    {Sec 


Trinity  Cape  takes  its  nnme  from  the  three  peaks  of  its 
summit,  bearing  some  resemblance  to  three  human  heads  ;  and 
the  name  ol  Etkrnity  Point  is  abundantly  indicated  by  the 
huge  pile  of  ever-during  rock  of  which  it  is  composed.  The 
whole  scene— the  majestic  ri  ar,  a  hundred  fathoms  deep,  roll- 
ing along  the  base  and  in  the  shadows  of  the  vast  and  beetling 
cliffs,  bearing  on  their  rocky  fronts  the  impress  of  Almighty 
power  and  everlasting  duration— the  whole  scene  at  this  place 
is  unsurpassed  for  its  magnificence  and  solemn  beauty. 

Continuing  up  the  Saguenay,  Statue  Point  is  next  passed, 
where  formerly  was  to  be  seen  a  rock  in  a  niche,  high  above 
the  water,  which  resembled  a  huge  human  figure.  The  niche 
is  still  visible,  but  the  figure  has  fallen  into  the  deep  water. 

The  Tableau  is  an  upright  rock,  rising  almost  perpendic- 
ularly from  the  water,  to  the  height  of  several  hundred  feet, 
situated  on  the  south  shore. 

The  scenery  in  this  vicinity,  and  for  several  miles  below,  is 
exceedingly  grand  and  picturesque— high  and  precipitous  hills, 
clothed  with  a  stunted  growth  of  forest  trees,  and  all  around  a 
wild  solitude,  unbroken  by  a  sign  of  habitation  or  life,  except 
ocf-asionally  a  huge  porpoise  showing  his  back  above  the  wave, 
and  the  water-fowl  peculiar  to  those  northern  latitudes. 

Fifty-eight  miles  from  Tadousac  opens  the  Ha-Ha,  or  Great 
Bay,  as  it  is  sometimes  called.  It  is  entered  oh  the  left,  while 
the  Saguenay  proper  comes  down  on  the  right.  At  the  head 
of  the  bay  there  is  a  large  settlement,  with  several  extensive 
saw-mills. 

The  Bay  of  Ha-Ha— a  name  by  no  means  euphonious  or 
worthy  of  the  locality — contains  a  numerous  population  for  so 
new  a  country.  Two  villages  appear  at  the  farther  extremity, 
the  population  whereof  must  number  at  least  five  hundred 
Bouls ;  it  is  situated  about  sixty  miles  above  the  entrance,  and 
BO  closely  does  it  resemble  the  Saguenay,  that  it  is  only  when 
the  traveler  has  arrived  at  its  extremity  that  the  mistake  is 
perceived.  The  streams  which  flow  into  this  bay  furnish  the 
various  saw- mills  with  the  power  of  preparing  deals  for  the 


164         QUEBEC    TO   THE    SAGUENAY    RIVER,   ETC. 

EneUsh  market-and  it  is  not  an  uncommon  occurrence  to  be- 
hoUl  three  or  four  nquare-rigged  vessels  busily  engaged  load- 
ine  on  English  account.  All  the  lumber  estabUshments 
throughout  the  country  are  owned  by  the  firm  of  Messrs.  Price 
&  Co  ,  of  Quebec,  and  although  they  entered  the  trade  in  the 
first  instance  with  the  intent  of  furthering  their  own  interests, 
the  result  has  been  that  the  men  they  employed  have  become 
settlers,  and  brought  into  cultivation  a  large  tract  of  arable 

^"^  From  the  entrance  to  Ha-Ha  Bay  to  Chicoutimi,  a  distance 
of  about  twelve  miles,  the  banks  of  the  river  are  less  rugged 
and  are  clothed  with  more  verdure,  and  openings  may  now  be 
seen  on  both  shores,  with  occasionally  o  habitation.  About  eight 
miles  below  Chicoutimi  th.ro  is  a  bar.  which  can  be  passed  by 
vessels  of  a  large  size  only  when  the  tide  is  up,  this  being  the 
first  impediment  to  navigation  in  ascending  this  noble  river, 
which  for  grandeur  of  scenery  and  depth  of  water  may  vie 
with  any  other  stream  on  the  American  continent. 

Chicoutimi,  68  miles  from  T^^dousac,  situated  at  the  June- 
tion  of  the  Chicoutimi  River  with  the  Saguenay,  where  is  a  pic- 
turesque water-fall,  is  another  post  occupied  by  the  Hudson 
Bay  Company,  wb^ch  has  a  resident  agent  stationed  here.    The 
settlement  now  contains  an  extensive  saw-mill,  a  few  dwell- 
ings, and  a  venerable-looking  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  of  small 
dimensions,  erected  in  1727.    It  is  one  of  those  stations  where, 
in  former  days,  the  indefatigable  Jesuits  established  a  home 
for  themselves;  a  church  yet  remains  to  attest  their  religious 
zeal     This  edifice  is  believed  to  have  been  one  of  the  first 
erected  in  Canada,,    The  locality  selected  is  singularly  pictur- 
esque  and  romantic.    On  one  side  the  Saguenay  pours  down  its 
mighty  flood,  the  shores  on  either  side  covered  to  the  waters 
edge  with  the  most  luxuriant  foliage,  while,  on  the  other  side, 

*  .  ,.     -1 »„;««a +iia  TnAiintnin  torrent  of  the 

a  safe  and  commooioua  vaj-  iwciT^.^  ...v. 

Chicoutimi  River.  _        • 

The  church,-  a  peculiarly  agreeable  object  m  so  remote  a 
spot,  stands  about  100  yards  from  the  margin  of  the  stream,  m 


,JEBKC    TO    THE    SAGUENAY    RIVER,    ETC.  165 

the  center  of  a  plat  of  green-*vard  set  out  with  shrubbery,  and 
forest  trees  crown  the  rising  ground  in  the  rear.  Here  assem- 
ble at  stated  periods  the  children  of  the  soil;  some  from  the 
region  of  the  far  north—the  faith  which  their  fathers  were 
taught  in  earner  ages  leading  them  to  reverence  a  spot  hal- 
lowed  by  traditional  associations. 

The  steamboat  navigation  of  the  Saguenay  ends  here,  as  the 
river  above  this  is  obstructed  by  rapids  and  falls.  Fifty  miles 
above  Chicoutimi,  the  river  issues  from  Lake  St.  Johx,  which 
is  a  fine  expanse  of  water  of  about  30  miles  in  length,  and,  in 
the  widest  part,  the  same  in  breadth,  its  superficiararea  being 
over  500  square  miles.  The  rivers  Mistasine,  Msuapnwus. 
soin,  Peribonea,  and  Ouatchoanish,  all  of  which  are  laro-e 
streams,  and  many  smaller  ones,  empty  into  Lake  St.  John, 
and  as  its  only  outlet  is  the  Saguenay,  which  also  receives  many 
considerable  streams  in  its  course,  the  great  depth  and  volume 
of  water  in  that  river  may  be  thus  accounted  for.  A  portage 
road,  or  foot-path,  runs  from  Chicoutimi  to  the  Hudson  Bay 
Company's  station  on  Lake  St.  John. 

Lake  St.  Johiiy  the  Saguenay,  and  the  rivers  which  they 
receive,  abound  in  excellent  fish,  consisting  of  white  fish,  bass, 
trout,  dore,  carp,  pike,  eels,  and  others ;  the  favorite  salmon, 
during  the  spring  and  summer  months,  ascends  the  Saguenay 
for  a  considerable  distance,  and  are  taken  in  large  quantities 
and  shipped  to  Quebec ;  also  cured  and  sent  to  European  mar- 
kets. 

"  The  region  of  the  Saguenay  can  not  long  remain  silent  and 
unoccupied.  It  is  destined  to  become  the  home  of  an  active 
and  enterprising  race.  The  climate  is  well  adapted  to  the 
purposes  of  agriculture,  and  the  virgin  soil  can  not  fail  to  repay 
the  labors  of  the  farmer.  The  aspect  of  the  country  around 
Chicoutimi  is  divested  of  the  rugged  and  rocky  character  which 
distinguishes  the  banks  of  the  Saguenay  for  the  first  50  miles, 
and  as  the  traveler  advances  inland,  the  appearance  of  the 
country  indicates  a  superior  soil— while  the  climate  in  the 
vicinity  of  Lake  St.  John  approaches  very  closely  to  that  of  the 
Montreal  district." 

Taken  altogether,  few  excursions  can  afford  more  interest  to 


166      MUKRAY    BAY,   TADOUSAC,    HA-HA    BAY,    ETC. 

the  tourist  and  seeker  of  pleasure,  thau  a  ™H  to  Chicoutimi  and 
ts  vWnity.  Besides  baying  a  ™w  of  the  magmficent  scene^ 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  here  may  be  seen  a  picturesque  water-fan, 
and  if  fond  of  angling  or  hunting,  the  visitor  may  enjoy  b.mself 
to  his  heart's  content-surrounded  by  a  vast  wilderness,  as  yet 
almost  unbroken  by  the  haunts  of  man. 


: 


MURRAY  BAT-TABOU8A0-HA-UA  BAT,  ETC. 
T„K  following  letter  was  written  by  a  gentleman  of  Phila- 

■^t On  Wednesday  morning,  25th  July,  1855,  wo  left  aoebeo 
for  SJ  lower  ^^ ^^^'^Z^^M^S^' Z'^l.^  4m  t 

T^BBiES^  Sot- oj^. 

-tro^^rtt1i:eVf?ont,afarmi^^^^^^^ 


w 

seem  to 

Grosse  I 

feet  int( 

passi'ngi 

Canada, 

great  ni 

stretclie! 

frienils 

the  ladic 

wear  Hfr 

a  marko 

a!fect. 

much   cc 

were  abc 

ing-plac( 

da)- light 

the  Sagu 

Riviere  ( 

at  this  fK 

is  situate 

Saguena; 

settled  ii 

out  to  u 

Lawrenc* 

"Lear 

high  ridg 

float  ovei 

the  dcptl] 

than  tha 

certain  p 

bottom. 

directly  o 

steamboa 

land.     Ct 

is  one  of  i 

mass  of  g 

feet  in  th 

its  barren 

The  boat 

the  pilot  ] 

sengers  a 

beneath  t' 

gaze  at  it 

mg  of  ind 

we  sped  v 

backward 

from  our 


'C. 

atimi  and 
t  scenery 
rater-fall, 
ly  himself 
;s8,  aa  yet 


rc. 
of  Phila- 

5ft  Quebec 
At  eight 
from  the 
Lch  frigate 
nee.     The 
Her  in  the 
miles  away 
down  the 
ntous  hill, 
ere  leveled 
he  city  was 
le  St.  Law- 
(led  by  the 
with  trees, 
ler  cultiva- 
are,  and  its 
'  division  ia 
jrn  Canada, 
[le  lands  of 
[ded  equally 
may  have  a 
irrow  strips 
i  in  breadth, 
ore  is  there- 
:ed  by  culti* 

Orleans,  we 
ran  tine  Sta- 
lored  in  the 
(rainst  infeo- 
jdations  are 
ira  ship-fever 
its  of  Quebec 


MURRAY    BAY,    TADOUSAC,    IIA-HA    BAY,    ETC.       167 

seem  to  be  of  the  most  perfect  kind.     On  the  mainland,  behind 
G  rosso  I.<lo.  Cape  Tourment  lifts  its  cloud-capped  summit  1,800 
feet  into  the  air.     The  boat  stopped  at  Murray  Hay  to  land 
passi'ngers  and  freight.    This  place  seems  to  be  tlie  Cape  May  of 
Canada,  where  the  citizens  of  Quebec  and  Montreal  resort  in 
grciit  numbers,  for  salt-water  bathing.     The  long  pier  that 
stretches  into  the  river  was  crowded  with  ladies  expecting 
friends  and    relatives    by  the   boat.       During  the  summer'^ 
the  ladies  of  Canada,  of  every  class,  when  at  watering-places, 
wear  straw  hats,  with  rims  of  enormous  breadth,  which  afford 
a  marke  I  contrast  to  the  minute  fixtures  which  American  ladies 
affect.      The  scene  was  highly  picturesque,  and  called  forth 
much  complimentary  notice  from    traveling  Americans  who 
were  aboard.     We  arrived  at  lUviere  du  Loup,  another  water- 
ing-place, about  dusk,  and  anchored  in  the  stream  to  await 
daylight.     At  three  o'clock  we  again  started  for  the  mouth  of 
the  Saguenay,  which  is  directly  across  the  St.  Lawi  once  from 
Riviere  du  Loup.     The  St.  Lawrence  is  twenty-one  miles  wide 
at  this  point.    About  five  o'clock  we  reached  Tadousac,  which 
is  situated  on  the  point  of  land  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the 
Saguenay  and  St.  Lawrence      At  this  place  the  French  first 
settled  in  Canada,  and  a  little  red-spirerl  church  was  pointed 
out  to  us  as  being  the  first  church  erected  north  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  the  oldest  ecclesiastical  edifice  in  America 

"  Leading  the  St.  Lawrence  at  this  point,  we  plunged  between 
high  ridges  into  the  Saguenay,  and  continued  for  five  hours  to 
float  over  its  mirror-like  expanse.     It  is  a  singular  fact  that 
tlie  depth  of  the  Saguenay  is  about  seven  hundred  feet  greater 
than  that  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  into  which  it  empties,  and  in 
certain  parts  a  fathom  line  of  one  thousand  feet  fails  to  touch 
bottom.     The  perpendicular  mountains  that  hem  it  in,  riae 
directly  out  of  the  water,  without  an  intervening  shore,  and  the 
steamboat  can  glide  rapidly  along  within  a  yard  of  the  solid 
land.     Cape  Eternity,  about  thirty-five  miles  above  Tadousac, 
is  one  of  the  most  striking  objects  upon  the  route.    It  is  a  huge 
mass  of  granite,  without  flaw  or  fissure,  rising  eighteen  hundred 
feet  in  the  air.     Hardy  birches  and  pines  cling  tenaciously  to 
rts  barren  sides,  giving  the  only  indication  of  life  in  the  vicinity. 
The  boat  arrived  at  this  point  while  we  were  at  breakf-ir^t,  and 
the  pilot  ran  into  a  little  cove  besid<5  it,  so  as  to  give  thy  pas- 
sengers a  view  of  it  from  every  side,  then  rounding  directly 
beneath  the  overhanging  mass,  we  shot  out  into  the  stream  to 
gaze  at  its  lieaw  summit  from  the  distanfift.     *"'  "    ' 


Til 


AT*£i  vtrn  o 


mg  of  indescribable  awe  in  watching  the  receding  boulder,  as 
we  sped  up  the  stream,  and  many  an  admiring  ga«e  was  flung 
backward,  even  after  a  sudden  bend  in  the  river  had  hid  it 
from  our  view.     Tete  du  Boule,  the  Two  Profiles,  the  Tableau, 


L'UI 


IG8      MURRAY    BAY,    TAD0U9AC,    lU-IIA   BAY,    ETC. 

Cape  Trinity,  and  Statuo  Point,  are  each  attractive  objects  that 
fixo'te  the  admiration  of  the  tourist.  .     •■  ,   ^      xi 

"'Near  eleven  o'clock  in  the  forenoon  we  arrived  before  the 
little  town  which  lies  at  the  head  of  Ha^Ha  Bay,  about  60 
m\les  from  The  St.  Lawrence,  and  having  dropped  our  anchor, 
?he  passZers  were  sent  ashore  by  the  ship's  boats.    The  town 
s  merely  C  TstaW  for  lumbering  purposes,  and  is 

ow^d  by  William  Price,  Esq.,  of  Quebec,  who  is  the  most  ex- 
Sve  lumber  merchant  in  Canada.    All  the  saw-mills  upon 
the  Sa-uenay  belong  to  this  gentleman.     He  keeps  comtantly 
employed  afhis  various  mills  about  3,000  persons,  and  freights 
oT/oO  vessels  annually  v«th  lumber.     As  only  a  few  minute 
were  allowed  us,  before  starting  on  our  return  to  the  St.  Law- 
rence   we  preferred  remaining  upon  the  steamer's  deck  and 
[mpectin-  the  town  and  adjacent  country  with  the  aid  of  a 
Sette!'    About  Ila-Ha  Bay  the  cliffs  almost  disappear  and 
some  indications  of  agricultural  attempts  are  .^f^/^^^^.  J^.\f 
Se  soil  and  a  bleak  atmosphere  always  mihtate  with  til- 
We  and  farming  in  this  region     The  Governor-General  oi 
Canada  Sir  EdmSnd  Head,  was  expected  to  visit  the  Saguenay 
on  this  tdp,  and  as  we  ran  up  before  the  town  a  salute  of  gum 
ws  fired,  and  the  English  colors  run  up  the  flags  aff  on  shore. 
Tn  relurn  for  the  compliment,  Capt.  Simard  decorated  his 
steamer  with  flags  of  almost  every  nation,  and  we  left  Ha-lla 
Bav  about  noon?  in  a  gala  attire  of  floating  bunting.      At 
five  o'clock  r?he  afternoon  we  touched  at  Tadousac    and  lu 
tw/hours  a?ter  anchored  at  the  pier  of  Riviere  du  Loup,  to 
wait  for  the  morning.    Early  on  Friday,  July  27,  we  started 
for  Quebec!  and  made  the  114  miles  before  four  o'clock  in  the 

^^"tC  greater  part  of  American  tourists  make  a  great  mis- 
take  in  ^omittin|  the  Saguenay  River.    They  miss  the  fin   t 
scenery  on  this  continent,  which  they  can  view  by  an  addi- 
?  onalexpense  of  $12  only.    The  fare  on  board  the  boat  is  of 
excellent  quality,  and  the  berths  large  and  comfortable     It  la 
worth  a  visit  to  the  Saguenay  to  taste  the  salmon,  that  but  an 
hour  before  was  gliding  in  its  native  element.     As  a  matter  of 
infomatLn  to  those  wishing  to  make  the  trip  in  future  seasons, 
we  may  say  that  a  thick  ?ver-coat  is  an  absolute  necessity 
??om  eleven  o'clock  in  the  morning  until  four  in  the  afternoon 
the  temperature  is  agreeable,  but  not  too  warm;  during  the 
other  iXs  of  the  day  and  night  it  will  compare  exactly  with 
^;^  Vnv.mher      Comhi-  from  warmer  climates,  the  tourist  can 
not  be  too  careful  to  prepare  for  sudden  changes  ot  tempera- 
ture     We  can  not  close  our  impcrfoct  sketch  of  the  Saguenay 
without  a  word  of  thanks  to  Cttpt.  Simard,  who  commai.is  tli 
steamer  Saguenay.     To  our  numorous  questions  ho  politely  ic 


\ 


'C. 


ANTIC08TI. 


1C9 


jects  that 

jofore  the 
about  60 
r  anchor, 
The  town 
!3,  and  is 
I  most  ex- 
ailla  upon 
jonstantly 
d  freights 
w  minute 
5  St.  Law- 
deck  and 
5  aid  of  a 
ppear  and 
test,  but  a 
!  with  til- 
reneral  of 
Sagucnay 
te  of  guns 
:  on  shore, 
orated  his 
left  Ha-IIa 
iting.      At 
ac,  and  iu 
u  Loup,  to 
we  started 
.ock  in  the 

great  mis- 
i  the  finest 
jr  an  addi- 
)  boat  is  of 
able.  It  is 
that  but  an 
a,  matter  of 
are  seasons, 
B  necessity, 
le  afternoon 

during  the 
sxactly  with 
)  tourist  can 
of  tempera- 
le  Saguenay 
inmands  the 
!  politely  ve- 


i 


turned  us  full  and  satisfactory  answers,  and  we  are  greatly 
nt-'i  Aed  to  him  for  much  valuable  information  W.i  cordially 
■'OD  mend  him  and  his  boat  to  the  attentions  of  all  American 
i  avelers  who  may  hereafter  visit  Quebec.  Fronj  11  classes  of 
c  nadians,  both  French  and  English,  we  met  witli  the  politest 
tr  atment,  and  can  vouch  for  their  hospitality  and  good-will, 
iii  conversation  with  numerous  intelligent  persons  from  Quebec 
ixid  Montreal,  we  discover  that  the  American  character  is 
^reatly  admired  in  Canada,  and  an  earnest  hope  is  indulged 
that  the  amicable  commercial  relations  now  in  process  of  for- 
mation between  the  two  countries  will  tend  to  introduce  some 
of  our  finer  national  characteristics  into  Canadian  affairs. 
>yhile  they  are  eminently  loyal  to  their  sovereign,  they  yet  re- 
joice in  the  active  energy  of  the  Yankee  race,  and  esteem  it  a 
privilege  to  live  in  such  close  juxtaposition  to  a  nationality 
whose  rapid  rise  and  hardy  vigor  reflect  honor  on  the  Anf^lo- 
Saxon  blood.  The  kindly  feeling  beyond  doubt  is  reciprocated 
in  the  United  States,  and  that,  too,  from  a  nobler  motive  than 
commercial  and  mercantile  gain— from  the  fraternal  feeling 
inseparable  from  nations  descended  from  a  common  stock! 
Whether  or  not  the  time  will  ever  come  when  Colonial  Canada 
will  be  a  sovereign  State,  and  part  of  our  rapidly  expanding 
confederacy,  remains  to  be  seen.  If  the  course  of  events  should 
take  such  a  turn,  we  will  acquire  a  territory  rich  in  mineral 
and  agricultural  resources,  and  one  geographically  adapted 
for  unexampled  greatness ;  if  not,  we  are  sure  of  a  faithful  ally 
and  a  firm  unwavering  friend."  j.  M.  G. 


ANTICOSTI. 
Anticosti,  about  400  miles  below  Quebec,  is  a  large  and  im- 
portant island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  lying  W.S.W.  and 
E.S.E.,  in  the  widest  part  of  its  estuary,  between  the  meridians 
of  61°  45'  and  64°  15'  W.,  and  dividing  the  entrance  of  the  river 
into  two  channels,  from  twenty  to  forty  miles  in  width.  It  is  about 
125  miles  in  length ;  its  extreme  breadth  is  30  miles ;  its  super- 
ficial area  1,530,000  acres.  Its  surface  is  in  general  low,  and 
covered  with  forests  of  stunted  fir,  white  cedar,  and  poplar,  or 
alluvial  flats  clothed  with  cranberry  and  blueberry  bushes ;  but 
the  timber  is  of  inferior  quality,  and  the  soil  is  mostly  poor. 
Euars,  foxes,  hares,  martins,  sea-otters,  partridges,  curlews, 
plover,  and  snipe  are  numerous.  The  geological  formation  is  a 
shell  limestone  mixed  with  clay,  and  in  some  places  wholly  com- 


170 


ANTICOSTI. 


posed  of  cncrinlte.    The  northern  coast  is  bold  and  h.gh  pre- 
Hin"  magnificent  limestone  cliffs,  wluch  somet>mes  r,sc  oh 
e"ri^-'ot  500  feet.    The  severity  of  the  elim.te  .s  -  g'-">-' 
any  grain  is  usually  n!pped  in  the  bud.    In  the  month  of  June 
ic°  of  considerable  thickness  is  frequently  formed  durmg  he 
'  i'w  ■  and  summer  is  always  far  advanced  before  tbe  snow  d.s- 
Tnl'rs     Winter  commences  in  the  early  part  of  November, 
aXoTtinues  till  the  middle  of  March ;  the  thermometer  rang- 
^".during  this  season  from  20»  above  to  20«  below  zero.    Tt. 
store    are  then  surrounded  with  ice,  and  all  eommun,cat.on 
wTth  hem  is  cut  olf.    Its  shores  present  a  few  small  creeks,  but 
tt  ou  *1  an  extent  of  300  miles  there  is  neither  bay  nor  har- 
tor TufficLt  toprotect^hips;  while  the  powerful  stream  setfng 
"y  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  d.oals  wh,ch  surroun^ 
Z  iind,  and  the  heavy  snow.sU,rms  wh^oh  here  occur  :n^ 
fui  nf  the  vear  with  its  position  across  the  mouth  of  the  nvei 
llt^Kuent  sce^ne  of  shipwrecks,  and  th   .iiin^^^^^^^^ 
it  •'  the  worst  part  of  the  voyage  to  or  from  Canada       (15onny 
castt )     '  The  bearings  of  its  extreme  points  are  as  follows :  we 
castle.)       iue  b  ^^^  variation  22 

point,  N.  lat.  49;  o2  29  'J^''^''l:  q^o  44^  56"; 

55' W.     East  point,  N.  lat.  49     \f  '.  aqo%7' qft"  W  lon-^. 
•  .•      oAo  Qft' w      North  point, N.  lat.  49°  57  38  ,  w.  lon^. 

r/'u'l'  ZLZM.  lat.  49"  23',  W.  long.  63M3- 
Vn  d  v  ted  and  magnificent  light-house,  with  a  -dv.»g^"S^ 
;„w  occupies  this  point  of  the  island,  and  »»»;" ^^^„ 
erected  on  the  E.  coast.  Spring  tides  rise  ten  feet;  »«»P^'^^'; 
fce  This  island  formerly  belonged  to  Labrador,  but  wa  n 
netd  to  Lower  Canada  in  1825.  and  now  forms  part  o  the 
:  to  ^^  i,      t^uy  a  corruption  of  he 

;r:r;:—.    Itis..  -c^;^-  byCart... 

..gave  it  .e  '^^^:i^^:^:;^^::^':^. ...  »>. 

ofrXd  of  -ts:^.  e-4  -  x-'Tt -re 

he  shores  of  Gasp,  are  seen  in  the  d«tan  e^  ^ .  .  an 
^rtant  district  and  headland,  juttmg  out  mto  th^^G^    ^  ^^^ 
'running  round  into  the  Bay  oj  vi^teur.,  ..^..A.-  = 


GULF    OF    ST.    LAWUp:nce. 


171 


miles  of  coast ;  the  whole  extent  is  said  to  abound  with  fish  of 
different  kinds,  and  during  the  fishing  season  a  large  number 
of  vessels  and  men  are  engaged  in  taking  and  curing  fish  for 
exportation. 

Below  where  the  Saguenay  joins  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  dis- 
tance  from  shore  to  shore  across  the  latter  stream  exceeds 
twenty  miles,  and  the  width  goes  on  increasing  till  it  expands 
to  forty  miles,  from  Cape  Chatte  to  C«^e  des  Monts  Pelles,  some 
three  hundred  miles  below  Quebec.  From  thence  it  goes  on  still 
further  expanding,  till  it  reaches  the  breadth  of  about  120  miles 
from  shore  to  shore,  in  a  line  drawn  from  the  extreme  point  of 
Gaspe  due  north  across  the  western  edge  of  tne  island  of  Anti- 
costi,  and  so  on  to  the  coast  of  Labrador. 

The  grand  trip  from  the  Upper  Lakesj  to  the  Gulf  of  St  Law- 
rence  is  thus  spoken  of  by  a  late  writer,  on  terminating  the 
voyage:  "Through  this  magnificent  mouth  of  the  river  we 
passed  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  having  thus  traced  the 
noble  stream,  from  the  island  of  Mackinac,  in  the  strait  of 
MinhiHmackinac,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Huron,  down  to  the  island 
of  Anticosti,  a  distance  of  at  least  2,000  miles,  through  a  chain 
of  the  most  splendid  lakes  in  the  world,  and  with  almost  every 
variety  of  H'^enery  along  its  majestic  course." 

For  further  description  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  and  voy- 
age  to  Halifax,  see  Buckingham's  Cajtada,  Nova  Scotia,  etc. 


hil; 


III  'ii' 


■^<^2    '  VALUE  OF  MONEYS. 

VALUE  OF  MONEYS. 

them  sterling  money. 

Value  OF  Colonial  Moneys. 

^'.^^Zr^SnJ:l^^'^^':'^^'^^<>iof  the  day  fo. 

<T  vmL     "  '•       two  sixpences. 

One  shilling  ,^  ^-^^ 

One  sixpence    ;^  _^       two  coppers. 

Th!  fa^e  in  sterling  of  the  pound  euiTenoy  isjather 

ThTdolla'r  currency  rather  over *8-  lg|^- 

::Se  "   rather  under;::::.:::  ,  M 

But  in  retail.transaotions  an  app^xtoation  i^^^^^^^ 

I^rinUrpTrehrJt;?oKng  a-re  the  rates  at  .hich 
eucli  coins  are  usually  paid  away : 

BRITISH.  », 

, . .  £1  4s.  ocl. 

The  sovereign 63.  Id. 

The  crown 3g_  OAd. 

Half  crown  •••••••;•  q    •• Is.  3d. 

Shilling,  called  Treme-Sous ^^ 

Sixpence,    "     Qumze-Sou8 2 

AMERICAN..  £2  10s. 

Eagle "  .5  J.  Id. 

Dollar 28.  6Ad. 

Half  dollar 6*1 

Dime,  or  ten  cents -j  ^.| 

l^eal.  or  York  shilling , 

f- -i  *1\":  t',.^d  L^nS     In  Icneral  i4  value  is  ahout. 
5s.  ircurVenV,  oris.  2d.  sterling. 


/ 

I.-. 


t  . 


GRAND  PLEASURE  EXCURSM 

FROM  IfEW  YOEK  TO  NIAGARA  FALLS,  TORONTO 
MONTREAL,  ETC.  ' 


Pleasure  trayelerg  leaving  New  York  at  7  o'clock  a.m.,  or 
6  o'clock  P.M.,  by  steamboats  running  on  the  Hudson  Rivor, 
can  leave  Albany  almost  immediately  after  their  arrival,  and 
proceed  direct  to  Schenectady,  17  miles ;  UHca,  95  miles ; 
Rome,  109  miles;  or  Syracuse,  148  miles  from  Aioany,  m« 
New  York  Central  Railroad. 

At  Schenectady  the  Saratoga  and  Schenectady  Railroad 
commences  and  extends  north  to  Saratoga  Springs,  22  miles 

At  Utica  the  Black  River  and  Utica  Railroad  commences 
and  extends  north,  16  miles,  to  Trenton  Falls,  and  thence  to 
Boonville,  a  total  distance  of  35  miles.  The  above  railroad, 
when  finished,  will  run  to  Clayton,  situated  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence  River,  109  miles  from  Utica. 

At  Rome  commences  the  Watertown  and  R^r^ne  Tailroad 
extending  northward  to  Cape  Vincent,  97  miles,  forming  a 
uu-ect  line  of  travel  to  Kingston  and  other  places  in  Canada. 

At  £  ./racuse  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  is  intersected 
by  the  Syracuse  and  Bingham:on  Railroad  aj^U  Oswego  and 
Syracuse  Railroad;  the  latter  railroad  runniji  north  to  the 
City  of  Oswego,  36  miles.  Fare  fi  ym  Albi,  ,  ^  Syracuse,  $3. 
usual  time,  6  hours.  Fare  fror?  r.yra.use  to  Oswego,  $1. 
Isual  time,  one  hour  and  thirty  minutcL-. 

Travelers  can  proceed  by  rsilroad  to  Racketeer,  81  milcH  from 
Syracuse,  an^there  take  a  steamer  for  Toronto  or  Lewiston,  or 
proceed  direct  through  Lockport  to  the  Suspension  Bridge  or 
Niagara  Falls.  From  Niagara  FaiLc,  oassengors  desiring  to 
go  to  Montreal  vy   Quebec  arc  conveyed  by  steamer  from  Lewis- 

.-  vr  i.iagui-ii,  v.an.,  inroug  'jvkha  Ontario  to  Kingston  or 
Cape  Vincent,  and  thence  down  the       Lawrence  River. 

16* 


p:.easure  excursions. 
take  an  American  or  British  steamer  for  Montreal. 


1  aa  viiT.  dailv  from  Oswego  morning 

steamers  of  "^  ^fJ^^JTJ'Le  Oswego  for  Sackefs 

and  afternoon.    Tlie  mornmg  do  afternoon  boats 

"T- ?:f  r;ir  :rett:uomr<i^:.esee  K^ 

run  direct  to  Lharioite,  ^ffordinj?  trav- 

.StlL  passenger  Wts  stop  to  land  and  recede  passen- 
gers ;  usual  time,  »  hou™.  ^^^^^  ^^^ 

KmcsTON,  40  miles  farther,  .s  usi     ly  r 
same  time,  where  pas»»ger-     ^,^  ;^  J-^  ^^^^^^^„  ^^^ 

the  St.  Lawrence  lliver,  passing 

«.gm«cent  rapids  by  dayUgW  ,„„^  „„  a„ugh 

Crrr^t  J,:«  at  Oanauo,ue  .r„e..lle,Pres. 

.ot rnertoL  the  -.  ..p«-  -"-  -;— - 

subjoin  the  following  descnpUon         he  tnp^o^    ^^^^  ^^^^^ 

Ogdensburgh,  I«rf«f"l  -  J:";;;;„t  ■,  „.,  ,,„,„,„ng  the  St. 
ors  leave  Kingston  at  about  6  o  ciocK  p.m.,  i^c  v»        o 
r:;:::,  sto;ping  at  Ogde„sburgU  .■!  miles ;  wh^  .      Bn^^ 
ish  mall  line  of  steamers  leave  at  6  o  dock  a.m., 

t(,v„„„h  t„  Mo^itreo.:,  180  miles,  by  dayhght.  ^_         ^ 

On'leaving  Kingston  the  steamer  runs  -'^ ^^^ 

Grand  Islands,  both  belonging  to  Canada,  for  .  distance 


le  "who 

d  take 

There 


PLI'JASUHE    EXCURSKNS. 

about  15  miles.  When  at  the  foot  of  the  former  island,  the 
steamer  veers  westwar.l,  passing  through  a  beautiful  group  of 
email  islands,  and  approaches  Gananoque,  20  miles  from 
Kingston.  Several  light-houses  or  beacons  have  recently  been 
erected  by  the  Canadian  authorities  to  mark  this  intricate  channel. 
Other  beautiful  groups  of  islands  are  passed  below  Gana- 
noque,  when  the  Fiddler's  Elbow  is  approached,  12  miles  dis- 
tant. Here  is  a  light-house  and  another  group  of  small  islands. 
Alexandria  Bay,  34  miles  below  Kingston,  is  passwi  in 
sight  on  the  right,  the  British  steamer  passing  through  the 
middle  channel  of  the  river.  This  favorite  summer  resort  is 
reached  by  the  American  line  of  steamers. 

The  Sisters  and  Scotch  Bonnet  are  a  pretty  group  of  islands 
situated  in  the  middle  channel,  some  8  or  10  miles  above  Brook- 
vllle.     Here  the  stream  of  the  river  begins  to  narrow,  and  soon 
the  labyrinth  of  islaids  are  passed  by  the  descending  steamer. 
The  pleasure  is  greatly  enhanced  by  an  observing  traveler  to 
vary  his  routes,  when  an  opportunity  offers,  in  voyaging  through 
tlie  Lakes  and  down  tlie  St.  Lawrence  River,  thus  not  only 
affording  an  opportunity  to  see  the  different  points  of  interest 
on  the  route,  but  also  see  a  different  class  of  passengers— the 
Southern  planter,  the  Northern  financier,  and  the  English  or 
French  Canadian  resident,  each  possessing  distinctive  charac- 
ters ;  while  the  intellig^>nt  ladies  are  always  alike  attractive. 

Brockvii.le,  52  miles  below  Kingston,  is  a  fine  Canadian 
town,  situated  immediately  below  the  commencement  of  the 
Thousand  Islands,  'i'he  Brocfrville  and  Ottawa  Railroad,  now 
in  progress  of  construction,  will'  afford  a  direct  and  speedy 
route  to  the  Upper  Ottawa  country. 

pREscoTT  and  Ogdejvs burgh,  12  miles  below  Brockville,  are 
im^ortaut  towns  situated  opposite  each  other,  beipg  closely  con- 
nected by  two  steam  ferries.  Here  navigation  for  sail  vessels 
inay  be  said  to  terminate,  while  steamers  descend  the  rapids 
with  the  utmost  safety. 


lorning 

Jacket's 
)n  boats 
?er,  and 
ig  trav- 
go,  etc., 
Pleasure 
falo,  etc. 
:Bt  place 
I  passen- 

ibout  the 
ect  down 
,nds"  and 

1  through 
nd  thence 
I  north  or 
■ille,  Pres- 

rs  to  start 
antage,  we 
sscoM  dr" 
can  stecni- 
ing  the  St. 
le  the  Brit- 
I.,  running 

TT .x^     "r*" 

XlUWv     "U- 

distance  of    i    see  pages  69  and  74 


'?.  -.  -  " 


a  further  description  of  the  Rapids  of  the  St  Lawrence, 


I- 

lt:| 
i  1 


1^ 
11  i?'^ 


-•  PLEASUKE    EXCURSIONS. 

TRIP  FROM  "MONTREAL  TO  QUEBEC  AND  RETURN" 

JUNE,  '.  267. 

The  above  waa  the  wording  ol  the  pass  received  from  the. 
Managers  of  the  Grand  Trunk  kailway  in  the  ear  y  part  o 
June  1857,  but  preferring  to  descend  the  "  La  Granaen^.r. 
in  one  of  the  swift  steamers  which  run  between  Montreal  and 
Quebec  daily,  leaving  in  the  eveni-g,  I  e^W.ed  on  board  h. 
QUEBEC,  the  crack  boat  of  the  Ko.v,i  Mail  t-mo.    Distance,  1,0 

miles;  cabin  fare,  $2  50. 

On  leaving  Montreal,  S(.  Hde,V,  island  m  ...on  passed  bang 
in  part  covered  with  a  rich  grow'X  of  forest  trees,  wh.le  lUo 
fort  and  breastworks  on  the  north  «.<!  are  ^n  ^^  f''f'^~- 
Then  comes  Longu,«il,  the  presort  terming,  of  the  Eas  c  n 
Division  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Rallwav,  it  being  now  reached  bj 
steam  ferry-boat;  but  as  soon  as  the  mctori^  Bridge  .s  com- 
I  rd,  running  across  the  St.  Lawr»cc  River  ^me  two  m,  » 
t^vcthcn  wfu  passenger  and  freicht  train,  b«  transpovtcl 
..yer  the  above  noble  structure,  to  be  fiwshoi  in  l*<--a. 
■  A  number  of  low  islands  are  next  pas.«ed  on  dc-^endmg  th 
stream,  when  the  beautiful  village  of  Varennes  .3  r-n  reached 
anrpalsed,  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  str.«..     Here  is 
a  mineral  spring  of  some  celebrity  and  a  good  pubUo  uouse 
^  rirth  point  of  the  island  of  Montreal  and  _— 
branch  of  the  Ottawa  River  are  passed  about  lu  m..,s  below 
Montreal,  where  are  to  be  seen  several  picturesciue  islands, 
concealing  in  part  the  mouth  of  the  Ottawa. 

Here  the  St  Lawrence  assumes  its  most  majestic  appearance 
for  a  stretch  of  several  milos,  the  stream  being  tVom  two  to 
four  miles  in  width-flowing  onward  in  majestic  grandcu -,  witH 
here  and  there  a  square-rigged  sail  v>«sel  and  immense  '-moei 
rafts,  sucli  as  are  alone  seen  on  tho  lower  St.  Lawrence.  ..o^ng 
on  their  way  to  Quebec  from  the  Ottawa  IV.ver, 

Before  reaching  Sorel,  or  ^ViUiam  Henry,  the  stream  c..-  -' 
to  about  one  mile  in  width,  wlU.  mor.  clcvat.-t.  ba..,-' ^  -^ 
river  lUehelieu,  the  outl.t  of  Lake  Champlam,  enters 


Lawren 

treal,  tl: 

Line.     ] 

by  Engl 

slowly  n 

After 

au'l  the 

an  expai 

ged  vessi 

often  be 

Three 

Quebec,  i 

.situated 

(if  the  ri' 

This  ifi 

rence,  al 

s^troug  cu 

a  rocky  a 

alteruata 

what  ele' 

bold  heai 

for  a  nui 

170  miles 

iiabitans  ; 

Cape  J 

point,  sitr 

sight  Poij 

opens  the 

tug?,  and 

months,  01 

iies-sed  on 

Without 

^losicribed ; 

open  for  i 

Palace  8tr 

Clarendon 


riiN  " 

rem  tlK. 
part  of 
lUvitrt" 
real  and 
loard  the 
mce,  170 

,ed,  being 
^liile  tlic 
Ivantago. 
J  Eastern 
jaehed  V^y 
re  is  corn- 
two  miles 
ansporteil 

nding  tbc 
»n  readied 
\,  Here  is 
Louse. 
i  aortliern 
LkliiS  below 
ae  islands, 

app-^iirance 
:'oin  two  to 
ndcu ',  with 
onse  ^'^mber 
[•encc.  'K'ing 

im  C">>-  >cts 
3a»'--  "be 
ters  *'      ^ 


PLEASURE    EXCURSIONS. 

Lawrence  at  Sard,  or  William  Hetvif,  45  miles  beloT*  Mon- 
treal, this  being  the  first  regular  Ian  ling  for  the  Royal  Mail 
Line.  Here  is  situated  an  old  and  handsome  town,  enlivened 
hy  English  and  French  residents  and  the  busy  Yankee,  who  is 
blowly  making  his  way  into  the  lower  Province  of  Canada. 

After  leaving  Sorel  a  number  of  islands  are  again  passed, 
■ml  the  steamer  soon  enters  the  broad  waters  of  Lake  St.  Peter, 
an  expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  Here  again  the  square-rig- 
ged vessels,  the  timber  rafts,  and  the  more  fleet  steamer  may 
often  be  seen  threading  their  way  up  or  down  the  river. 

Three  Rivers,  90  miles  below  Montreal  and  80  miles  above 
Quebec,  is  an  old  and  important  town,  being  advantageously 
situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Maurice,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  river. 

This  is  considered  the  head  of  tide-waters  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence, although  the  Richelieu  Rapids  are  below,  where  is  a 
s^trong  current  when  the  tide  is  receding,  the  river  flowing  over 
a  rocky  and  dangerous  channel  for  several  miles— the  stream 
alteiuately  running  to  the  right  and  the  left,  with  banks  some- 
what elevated.  Poi7it  aux  Trembles,  on  the  left  bank,  is  a 
bold  headland,  which,  when  passed,  the  stream  again  widens 
for  a  number  of  miles— the  shores  for  the  entire  distance  of 
170  miles  being  dotted  with  picturesque  residences  of  the  French 
habitans  and  churches  of  the  Roman  Catholic  persuasion. 

Cape  Rouge,  10  miles  above  Quebec,  is  another  interesting 
point,  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river.  Next  comes  in 
sight  Point  Levi  and  the  frowning  fortress  of  Quebec— then 
opens  the  Lower  Town,  with  its  numerous  shipping,  its  steam- 
tug?,  and  ferry-boats— altogether  affording,  during  the  summer 
months,  one  of  the  m  .st  grand  and  enlivening  scenes  to  be  wit- 
nessed on  the  continent  of  America. 

Wltliout  entering  into  a  description  of  Quebec,  which  is  fully 
^lesicribed  in  its  proper  place,  we  will  allude  to  the  hotels  now 
open  for  the  accommodation  of  tourists.  Russell's  Hotel  in 
Palace  Street,  Upper  Town,  is  an  old,  popular  house ;  while  the 
Clarendon  House,  kept  by  H.  OWeiH,  on  Lewis  Street,  near  the 


11 


PLEASUUK   Kxcuusiosa. 

posito  Quebec  >s  al-;  f  ™'   J  „,„  the  terminus  of  the 

Cape  Rouge  to  the  '^^'^^^''^''"^^^^^  g,  L,^,ence  and  Sague- 
The  trip  from  Quebec  ^o  1-  ^^^^^J^  ^,  ^his  work, 

nay  Rivera  is  fully  described  m  another  p. 

See  page  153.  ^ • 

llETUEN   TO   MONTEEAL. 

.     i.      1   „:n  (Irjind  Trunk  Railway, 

0.  leaving  Quebec  ^'^'— 'J  ^t:!  crossing  the  St. 

passengers  can  proceed  at  b  a^m.  ^.^^^^^ 

L  house,  3urrounded  by  ''a— f  —  .,„„g,  f.on>  cit, 
,his  is  a  njost  spec  y  rw    ■  ^^^  ;;;:  =  ,  J.,,  j,  the  C.a„..« 
tocitvinsishoura;1^0mles  the  Chaudiero  Uwor 

/„„«;,«,  8  miles  from  I'omt  ^^'' '  ^^  .^  ^^;,  stream,  tl>e 

is  passed  a  few  rods  above  f^;  ^^W      v  siblo  from  the  oar. 
spvay  arising  from  the  waters  ''l<'-'°j'"''=  ^  uninviting, 

L  the  next  40  or  50  miles  the  »-  ^^ J^ f^^^,,  „„,t  p«t 
with  only  a  few  residences  m  sight,  bein„ 
clothed  with  a  stunted  forest  settlement 

S«.Foi.n.65  miles  ^-^f  "'fj:,;;  Uilues  until  War- 
,„„ounded  by  good  Ur^^^  ^^^  ^t  tiie 

lalter  station  the  passengei  ^'^'^Z  t\ii.  an  important  pota' 
,„m  Portland  and  MonU'ea^ -^-^  ^^^    „  ^^^^^  ^.„,  ,, 
,.n  this  ereat  railway  ol  tan.Ua.     i        ^1_ 
White  Mountains  or  Portland,  Me.,  here  .^.^  ^a- 


PLEA8UKE    KXCUIiSIONH. 

After  leaving  Richmond  for  Montreal,  the  line  of  the  road 
descends  toward  the  St.  Lawrence,  passing  through  several 
thriving  villages. 

St.  Hyacinthe,  30  miles  from  Montreal,  is  handsomely  sit- 
uated  on  the  Yamaska  River,  about  40  miles  above  its  entrance 
into  the  Lake  St.  Peter. 

St.  Hilaire,  17  miles  from  Longueuil,  is  another  delightful 
village,  situated  near  Beloeil  Mountain,  a  bold  eminence  rising 
from  the  plain  to  near  one  thousand  feet  in  height,  being  plainly 
seen  from  Montreal.  A  most  beautiful  lake  lies  near  its  sum- 
mit ;  the  outlet  flows  westward  into  the  Sorel  River. 

Other  hills  or  mountains  are  seen  in  this  vicinity  besides  the 
one  above  mentioned.  Mount  Houge  and  Mount  Johnson  rise 
on  the  south,  while  BouchervUle  Mountain,  also  adorned  by  a 
most  beautiful  lake,  lies  a  few  miles  northwest  of  St.  Hilaire. 
forming  altogether  a  most  interesting  and  picturesque  group 
of  hills  or  mountains,  being  visible  from  the  St.  Lawrence 
lUver  for  many  miles,  which,  in  connection  with  Mount  Royal, 
on  the  island  of  Montreal,  are  most  grand  and  attractive  objects 
to  the  observant  traveler. 

The  Sorel  or  Richelieu  Rioer,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Champlain, 
is  next  passed,  and  the  traveler  soon  arrives  at  Longueuil, 
where  a  commodious  steam  ferry-boat  plies  regularly  to  and 
from  Montreal,  landing  near  the  center  of  the  city,  where  cabs 
and  carriages  are  always  to  be  found  in  readiness  running  to 
the  different  hotels. 

The  Grand  Trunk  Railway  also  allords  tlie  most  speedy  and 
direct  route  to  the  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  as 
well  as  to  the  Ottawa  River  and  Upper  St.  Lawrence  and  Lake 
country. 

Montreal  to  Island  Pond,  Vt 143  miles 

Montreal  to  White  Mountains,  N.  H.   .  201     " 

Montreal  to  Portland,  Me 292    «« 

Montreal  to  Prescott.  0.  W... 113  miles 

^Hontreal  to  Ottawa  City,  via  Prescott 107     «* 

...    ,  ,,,  ,^t£..,_.j   ,_,    57 ^ 000 


"1  "i 


PLKABUKE    EXCURSIONS. 


MOOTKEAL  TO  UO.T0N  AND  «EW  TOBK. 
P...«o.K.  c»  leave  ^^-'f^^^^^^::^ 
ana  P-ea.  .<«  ^;J<'';;''  ^ ^^^of    ,  X,  .he.,  they  have 

the  choice  otV^'^'^^'^Syj^termont  and  Canada  Rail. 

ton,  etc.,  or  take  the  car,  of  ^^l^'"^'       ^  j^^,^^  „,  New 

road,  and  proceed  direct  through  by  rail  to 

York,  or  any  '-'ter'nediate  staho^^  ^.^  _^_,,,. 

Trains  of  cars  also  run  twice  ^^^ '"•  ycrk  Railroad,, 

,real  and  LaC^e  f/^'^^l^^JZl......  con- 

direct  to  Plattsburgh,  N.  Y  ,  a  ^'^  Ticonderoga,  ami 

necting  with  steamers  running  to  Bmlai^ton, 

Whitehall.  j  j      ^yg  routes,  pas- 

On  arriving  at  Burbngton  by  any  ol  ^^^^ 

.ongus  have  the  choice  o   P--^^  ,%tZd  for  the  White 
Mountains  or  Boston ;  -f  »  *''^;'~  ,t,  fo^ng  a  Unk  in 

;-rrof':xrrrx^":------ 

,„„,  a  most  magnificent  view  .s  ^^if^rotZk  Lup  of 
Green  Mountain,  of  Vermont  and  the  ^*  ^^^ 

New  York,  lying  in  the  counties  of  Essex  and  ^ 

letter  are  the  -' '— ftt Se U  —n  peak  of 
feet  above  the  ocean;  while  the  MansM  ^^^^^ 

Vemont  rises  to  the  ^■~'S^\'^  ^^"J^^^^  The  surface  of 
peaks  on  both  sides  o  the  ake  -  "^™ ^waters  of  tbe 
Lake  Champlain  is  elevated  90  ^  »    *"™  ^^,^0  being  » 

:.:nSTrint\=;;t:::^-:ithinthedista.. 

"  t:^Ua.,,,ai.  and  the  landings  on  !---«  f  ^  ^'• 
..vihed  in  a  preceding  part  of  this  work.    S  e  page  1 
""The  steamboat  landing  at  old  i-ort  xicowciv,.  .„  -  . 


ew  York, 
ilroad,  tc 
they  liave 
,  Burling- 
%da  Rail- 
a,  or  New 

via  Mon- 
Railroads, 
,  bero  con- 
leroga,  and 

•outes,  pas- 
)r  take  the 
r  the  White 
igton  Rati- 
ng a  link  in 
and  North- 

irard  White- 
f  day,  of  the 
:k  Group  of 
linton.    The 
ight  of  5,467 
tain  peak  of 
being  lesser 
le  surface  of 
jvaters  of  the 
there  being  » 
1  the  distance 


are 


ge 


fully  cle- 

101. 

la  fhfi  noint 


PLEASURE    EXCURSIONS. 

where  passengers  disembark  when  b(jund  fur  Lake  George.  A 
good  hotel  is  located  near  tlie  landing  for  the  accomramhtion 
of  travelers,  while  stages  are  always  in  readiness  to  convey 
passengers  to  the  foot  of  Lake  George,  about  4  miles  distant. 

Passengers  destined  for  Whitehall,  Saratoga  Springs,  or  New 
York  continue  on  board  the  steamer  until  they  arrive  at  the 
former  place,  when,  if  destined  south,  they  take  cars  for  Sara- 
toga Springs,  Troy,  or  Albany. 


LAKE   GEORGE  «AND   ITS   STEAMEES. 

Extract  from  the  Glen's  Falls  RepuUican. 

LATTNCn  OF  THE  "  NIK  N  KUAUa"  ON  LAKE  GEOEGE,  JUNE  12,  1S5T. 

^"  This  beautiful  steamer  was  securely  launched  on  Thursday 
afternoon,  the  12th  inst.,  amid  the  plaudits  of  the  multitude 
who  assembled  to  witness  the  spectacle.  The  day  was  as  fine 
as  could  be  desired,  and  every  thing  conspired  to  lend  interest 
to  the  eventful  occasion.  At  a  few  minutes  before  one  o'clock 
the  invited  guests  and  the  ladies  assembled  upon  the  forward 
lieck,  while  a  largo  crowd  occupied  the  bank,  which  rose  like 
an  amphitheater  around  the  bow  of  the  boat.  The  tops  and 
windows  of  the  surrounding  houses  were  also  occupied  with 
spectators.  The  ceremonies  commenced  with  an  announcement 
from  Mr.  Thomas  Thomas,  the  respected  President  of  the  Fort 
)\illiam  Henry  Hotel  Association,  that  all  was  ready,  the  ring- 
ing of  the  bell  which  swung  from  a  tempor.'iry  turret  on  the 
shore,  and  a  gun,from  the  new  and  elegant  brass  piece  placed 
on  the  lawn  in  front  of  the  Fort  William  Henry  Hotel.  A  se- 
ries of  signals  were  so  planned  that  the  gun  never  failed  to 
^^peak  when  its  term  came  in  the  programme,  and  its  reverber- 
ations lingered  around  the  mountains  that  surrounded  the  lake 
as  if  loth  to  depart. 

*'  Edward  P.  Clark,  Esq.,  of  New  York  city,  Secretary  of  the 
Fort  William  Henry  Hotel  Association,  next  stepped  upon  tlie 
platform  and  delivered  a  short  address,  of  which  the  following 
IS  the  substance : 

"  Fellow-Citizens — We  congratulate  you  upon  the  com- 
I'letion  of  a  new  steamer  for  this  beautiful  lake.  We  would, 
moreover,  take  this  opportunity  to  publicly  express  our  thanks 
to  the  builders  of  the  boat,  and  to  the  persons  who  have  been 
employed  upon  her,  for  their  industry  in  getting  it  to  its  pres- 
ent state  of  completion  in  so  short  a  period  of  time.  Upon  this 
occasion  it  may  not  be  uninteresting  to  you  to  look  back  into 

16 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (M7-3) 


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2.2 


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M.  Ill  1.6 


riiUlUgidpiUt; 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)872-4503 


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PLEASURE    EXCLUSIONS. 


the  history  of  the  steamers  which  have  hither  ic  traversed  this 
lake.  There  are  many  present  who  are  doubtleos  more  familiar 
with  their  history  than  myself,  but  the  few  facts  we  have  col- 
lected will  no  doubt  be  interesting  on  the  present  occasion  and 
serve  for  future  reference. 

"  Previous  to  1700  the  surface  of  this  beautiful  lake  had 
never  been  broken  by  any  vessel,  save  the  bark  canoe  of  the 
native  Indian. 

"  From  the  period  of  the  French  and  English  wars,  in  175G, 
when  only  yawl  gun-boats  and  batteaux  were  employed,  down 
to  1815,  we  can  learn  of  no  boats  having  been  built  or  seen 
upon  the  lake.  During  that  year  Elijah  Dunham,  of  Dunham's 
Bay,  built  a  sloop  called  (^ueensbj^ry  Packet.  It  was  built  foi 
carrying  lumber,  and  was  from  sixty  to  seventy  feet  long. 

"  In  1817  the  first  steamboat  was  built  on  Lake  George.  It 
was  called  James  Caldtvel/,  and  was  built  by  a  company  of 
individuals  at  Ticonderoga,  above  the  rapids.  The  James  Cald- 
well  made  a  trip  through  the  lake  on  one  day  and  returned  on 
the  next.  She  started  from  the  dock  called  the  Harris  Dock, 
just  below  the  Lake  House.  The  travel  was  so  small  that  the 
boat  did  not  pay.  She  was  burnt  at  the  dock  in  front  of  the 
Lake  House,  and  no  vestige  of  her  remains. 

"  In  1824  the  steamer  Mountaineer  was  built,  to  take  the 
place  of  the  James  Caldwell,  by  John  Baird  and  Capt,  Jahazel 
i^herman,  of  Vergennes,  Vermont.  Mr.  Baird  then  owned  the 
Lake  House.  This  boat  ran  until  1836,  when  she  rotted  down, 
and  her  wreck  now  lies  in  Lake  George,  above  the  rapids  at 
Ticonderog? .  Her  machinery  was  taken  out  and  put  into  the 
William  Caldwell,  which  boat  succeeded  the  Mountaineer. 
The  Caldwell  was  one  hundred  and  two  feet  long  and  twenty- 
five  feet  wide  on  deck.  She  was  commenced  in  March,  1887, 
and  completed  in  August  of  the  same  year.  She  ran  eight 
miles  per  hour,  and  made  one  trip  up  and  down  the  lake  daily. 
She  was  abandoned  in  1850,  and  what  remains  of  her  now  lies 
in  the  cove  just  below  the  Lake  House. 

"  In  1849  the  John  Jay  was  built  at  Ticonderoga  (at  the  foot 
of  the  lake)  by  Mr.  John  Jay  Harris.  She  was  three  years  in 
building,  and  cost  from  twenty-five  to  twenty-eight  thousand 
dollars.  The  hull  was  built  by  Ferris  Collyer;  Dunham  & 
Company  were  the  engineers.  She  was  one  hundred  and  forty- 
two  feet  long  and  twenty-four  feet  wide,  and  purchased  from 
Mr.  John  J.  Harris  in  1853  by  the  Lake  George  Steamboat 
Company  for  eighteen  thousand  dollars.  This  company  was 
organized  January  14th,  1854.  This  boat  ran  from  that  time 
to  1856,  when  she  was  burned  on  the  29th  day  of  July,  1856, 
near  Hague,  on  the  lower  part  of  the  lake,  when  rounding  the 
point  called  Anthony's  Nose— the  lamentable  particulars  of 


whr«il 
.f  this 
,nile  b 

"Ti 

about 

Caldwc 

hull  w; 

gineer 

vessel 

hreadtl 

half  fe 

dollars. 

'♦  Th( 

of  the  . 

with  hii 

'«We 

—may  j 

for  the  1 

the  MiP 

Laiighii 

beautifu 

empties 

Falls  of 

'-  Who 

was  inte 

and  a  gi 

wife  of  t 

who  step 

broke  th* 

ribbons, 

a  ribbon 

and  its  c( 

shouts  of 

of  the  gi; 

notice  wa 

block  or 

gently  sli( 

fcibe  woulc 

not  been  1 

the  lake, 

William  E 

duced.     M 

are  put  in 

nas  as  coi 

can  be  bui 

For  a  fu 


versed  this 
>re  familiar 
'^e  have  col- 
ccasion  and 

I  lake  had 
moe  of  the 

rs,  iu  1756, 
oyed,  down 
ilt  or  scon 
E"  Dunham's 
as  built  foi 
long. 

3eorge.  It 
ompany  of 
i7nes  Cald" 
•eturned  on 
arris  Dock, 

II  that  the 
ront  of  the 

;o  take  the 
pt.  Jahazel 
owned  the 
)tted  down, 

rapids  at 
at  into  the 
untaineer. 
nd  twenty- 
irch,  1887, 

ran  eight 
lake  daily, 
er  now  lies 

^at  the  foot 
je  years  ic 
t  thousand 
Dunham  & 
and  forty- 
lased  from 
Steamboat 
npany  was 
1  that  time 
ruly,  1856, 
inding  the 
iiculars  of 


plhasurh:  excursions. 

nile  below  Hague.  ^  ""^  ^^^®  ^^^^ge,  about  one 

abl'^^trcH^^S^t^^^^^^^^^^  new  boat  which  we  are 
Caldwell,  New  York  on  th«  tlf  l^  ^^,?ovember,  1856,  at 
hull  was  buiU  WThoms  ^oTlvl'^r  ^t  ^^^^  ^'^'S^.  The 
gineer  The  carpen^erTork^^^^^^  *^''A  ^n^i^^^PP  ^'^^  ««" 
vessel  is  one  hundred  Ld  frtv  W  ^/  ^'  ^Z'  ^^"^lit.  This 
breadth  of  beam,  forty-four  W  II  t""^'  ^^^^^y-fbur  feet 
iialf  feet  depth  of  hold  Tf  f  .  i,"^^^' ^''^  ^^^^^  and  one 
dollars.        ^  ^''^^'    ^'  ^°^*  ^^o^t  twenty-six  thousand 

with  his  red  capVrSnaLr  ''''^  '^'^  '^  '  ^^^  ^--'' 
-rZ^T^lrZrle'LT^:^^^^^  «^e  float 

empties  into  the  MlsSDm'  bStV"  W*'o^°  ^  '^^^'^'^  *^a* 
Falls  of  Sfc.  Anthony        ^^'    ^*'^^'''  ^^^*  ^""^^^^S  and  the 

a  ribbon  to  the^tiarstaff  M^.n  V  bulwarks,  and  attached  by 
and  its  contents  ?nrin^^^^  ^""^^  1^""^^*  ^^ '  i<^  ^as  broken, 
shouts  oftemSd}^fhr^  -^  ^""J  f  *^^  ^««««^'  ^  '^id  the 
of  the  guif  W  th^^^^^^^^  Tf''^  "^  *^^  ^«"'  ^^d  tl^-'  '^ound 
"otice  4s  Jwen  to  thP  ^rnwT  .'  ^^^^^^^^^s  being  concluded, 
Mock  or  tw^was  knoLd Tw  *'  ^TT  ^^^  *^^  l^^^^^^-  A 
gently  slid  into  thp^rw^iJ^r^'^l'''^  *^^'  beautiful  steamer 

not  been  thrown^  Shp  wn«  t  f  ^o^«  "^^  lake  if  the  anchor  had 
tlie  lake,  and  safelftnl,?  \  ^T^^f  *^'  '^^^'^^  ^^^  ^^^^1^  of 
Wilham  Henry  Hotd  7^^^^^^  -l''^'^  ^^^"^  ^^  *'"^  ^^rt 

duced.  When  th?mLT  r^  the  bmler  lies  ready  to  be  intro- 
are  put  in  an  of  whiT^  appendage  is  added  and  the  wheels 
l^as  as  comniete  ^^tZ^^  ^'  f"^"  ^^  *^"  ^'^^^«'  I^ake  George 
can  be  buUt  "     '       ^      ^'  ''''^  ^'  commodious  a  steamer  ts 

For  a  further  description  of  Lake  George,  etc.,  see  page  97. 


i  * 


PLEASL-HE    EXCUKSIOKS 

On  Ica^g  lake  George  for  Saratoga  Springs,  W  Mteuiy, 
or  NorYorl,  pxssengcrs  are  conveyed  fourteen  miles  by  stage, 
1^^  Ihroui  the  romantic  village  of  G.^'s  Falls,  ^here 
la  SlntM  cascade,  bemg  one  of  several  falls  occurrmg  on 
V  „™orUors  of  the  Hudson  River,  hero  a  rus,ung  torrent, 
XZtely  gliding  through  mountain  passes,  and  then  ptog- 
in- over  a  rocky  surface  into  the  plain  Mow. 
XoZlv  Station,  opposite  Fort  Edward,  situated  on  the 
e..    bXf  the  Hudson,  is  the  place  where  passengers  take 
a    cars  of  the  Saratoga  and  WHtehall  Rattroad  and  from 
tZ  proceed  southward  to  Saratoga  Springs,  a  farther  dis- 

tonr"?  of  15  miles.  ,   . 

Stirtin.  from  Saratoga  Springs  the  tourist  can  proceed  o 
2^Z  ^°«  Schenectady,  or  Troy,  a  still  farther  distance  of  3 
IZ  On  arriving  at  Troy  or  Albany,  the  traveler  has  the 
a  e  of  proceeding  by  railroad  to  Boston  or  ^-  J^-*-- 
proceedin '  direct  to  the  latter  city  by  steamers  navpitrng  the 
tMe  waiers  of  the  Hudson  IXiver,  for  a  distance  of  150  md« 

^rrtfSe^^drriS^of  Boutes  from  New  York  to  S.a- 
toga  Springs,  Lake  George,  etc..  see  H,;d8ok  River  GmnE. 


,  Albany, 

by  stage, 
r.s,  where 
irring  on 
r  torrent, 
an  plung- 


ed on  the 

igers  take 

and  from 

xther  dis- 

prooeed  to 
ance  of  32 
er  has  the 
V  York,  or 
igating  the 
[  150  miles 

►rk  to  Sara- 

GUIDK. 


APPEN  DIX 


TO 


SECOSD  EDITIOK, 

TRIP  THROUGH  THE  LAKES,  ETC. 


Extract  trom  an  Address  on  the  Present  Condition 
Resources,  and  Prospects  of  British  North  America, 

DELIVERED    IN  GlASGOW  BY    THE  HoN.  JUSTICE    HaLIBUR- 

'^  N,  25th  March,  1857. 

The  British  Territory  in  North  America,  Mr.  Haliburton 
says,  contains  about  four  millions  of  square  miles,  and  is  larger 
than  all  Europe,  and  exceeds  in  extent  all  the  United  States. 
This  calculation,  however,  includes  Newfoundland  and  New 
Britain,  or  the  Hudson  Bay  Territory,  of  which  Mr.  Haliburton 
says  it  was  unnecessary  to  speak,  as  the  customs  returns  of  the 
first  would  tell  all  that"  his  hearers  required  to  know,  and  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company  would  tell  them  nothing  they  wished  to 
know.  Prince  Edward's  Island  contains  1,865,000  acres  of 
excellent  land,  so  free  from  stone  as  not  to  yield  sufficient  for 
building  purposes.  It  contains  67  townships,  with  a  population 
amounting  to  70,000.* 

Of  the  island  of  Cape  Breton  Mr.  Haliburton  speaks  in  the 
most  enthusiastic  terms.    It  is  separated  from  Nova  Scotia  by 


*  Prince  Edward  Island  is  so  called  in  honor  of  the  late  Duke  of  Kent, 
Uie  father  of  her  present  Majesty,  who  was  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
forces  m  these  Provinces  in  1779,  when  its  present  name  was  substituted 
tor  that  of  St.  John,  which  it  originally  bore.  Though  forming  a  separate 
government,  as  a  col.>ny  it  is  comparatively  small,  being  in  its  greatest 
length  135  miles,  and  in  its  greatest  breadth  84  only.  In  one  place  it  is 
not  more  than  a  mile  wide ;  and  Us  coast  on  both  sides  presents  so  manv 
buys  tliat  there  are  few  parts  of  the  island  in  wnli-h  it  is  more  than  ten 
miles  across  from  the  head  of  one  bay  to  the  head  of  some  other.  The 
whole  area  of  the  island  exceeds  1,000,000  of  acres,  and  ti?  there  are  no 
very  lofty  mountains,  while  there  is  an  abundance  of  wood,  and  many 
little  lakes  and  streams,  it  is  fertile  and  inhabitable  throughout.  The 
climate  is  milder  and  softer  than  that  of  Canada,  without  the  fogs  of  New. 
foundland  and  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  health  and  longevity  of  its  inhabit 
ants  are  remarkable." 

31* 


1 1 .( 


APPENDIX. 

the  narrow  ^^^ .^^^''^r'.^i:,'^^,^^::^  sl.l^^^. 
oonl  for  IPS  fuel,  fish  for  his  food,  and  salt  to  cure  it. 

Such  an  event  seldom  occttrs,  and  when  it  does,  is  never  oi  ion„ 
'"v™%™«».0«*  contains  an  area  of  <'«  30,000  square 
miles,  and  is  as  large  as  M""*-.,  "^ J^C  r  vers,'  and 

its  tributaries,  drains  seyenteen  "^1^^^!.^^'^,^^^^^  ^u  not  per- 
Sew  BrunsSf  its  vast  mineral  treasures,  harbors   roads 

•'  Delirium  Tremens."  ir„v,hurton  is  1,000  miles 

Ca„«,la  proper,  ''«»'f"S, *«*',' ..^Ssbehig  one  third 

l:?s;;ii\rFrre"^;r'pr:^:il^;inJ';i.i^i^^^^ 

l^J?:'  I'lun  r!  J;^;S,to'oVa°r"^'ituTgat'to"'t 
of  the  proportion  of  deaths  to  population:   *J^^i^^'  ^7/% 
,     SJy'roat'fiomait  ylar'  ^Mncreased  from  5,805.925  . 


undied 
aty-five 
nearly 
,  brine- 
ince  of 
sing  his 
nployed 
iltivate, 

ivorable 
in  min- 
d,  man- 
3ast  the 
jxhaust- 
r  of  ves- 
otia  was 
1  largely 
115,000 
a  much 
Lch  No\a 
less  fre- 
A-merica 
p  of  long 

0  square 
200,000. 

rers,  and 
md,  with 
w  Brims- 

1  not  per- 
iptions  of 
:-s,  roads, 
)  prevails 
y  equaled 
lared  sh 
jalis"  an' 

,600  miles 
one  third 
I  large  us 
)f  350,000 
jd  to  the 
statement 
,  1  to  48 ; 
o74;  Up- 
.  g 
B05,92b  IV 


APPENDIX.  • 

23,191,876,  being  an  increase  of  nearh  ave  times-  whilf»  in 
Upper  Canada,  from  1811  to  1851.  a  tern^f  forty '^^^^^^^ 
population  Micreased  ten  times-about  double  LTncrease 
of  the  whole  United  States.  In  the  ten  years  precedino-  1855 
he  wheat  crop  of  the  United  States  increased  48  per  cef t  -tn 
Canada,  m  the  same  period,  480  per  cent.  The  totaUmnorts 
of  Canada  on  the  1st  January,  1854,  divided  a4ng  her  >vho le 
population,  amounted  to  £3  14s.  lOd.  to  each  individual-i^  the 
Wtod  States  £2  7s.  Od.  to  each  individual.  Her  exports  £2 
e^Jh  indWidS  '^''^'''^^'-^  '^^  U-ted  States,  £2  ^M^^ 

Mr  Haliburton  complains  in  very  emphatic  language  of  En- 
gand's  neglect  of  her  possessions  in  North  America      He  com- 
plains tha.  the  live  Provinces  have  no  common  bond  of  uS 
no  common  interests,  no  power  to  prevent  the  oppressions  of 
strangers,  no  voice  in  the  regulation  of  their  trade-are  in- 
volved in  war  without  tl.eir  consent,  peace  concluded  without 
their  being  consulted-that  they  have  no  representatTves  ?n 
Parliament,  nor  delegates  in  the  Colonial  Office-that  their  ter^ 
ritory  has  been  coded  away  without  their  consent,  etc     He 
says  this  state  of  things  can  not  last-that  there  are  four  rem- 
edies  viz. :  1st.  Annexation  to  the  States.     2d.  Federal  Union 
ot  the  Provinces,  with  a  Colonial  Board  of  Control-that  is 
delegates  in  Parliament  to  advocate  Colonial  rights,  and  vote 
on  them  and  them  only.     8d.  Incorporation  with  Great  Brit- 
ain  and  a  fair  share  of  representation.    4th.  Indepmdence 


EXPOETS  OF  WHEAT  AND  FLOUR. 

^  J"?  ^°^^?f  ^^^S  «^ows  the  exports  of  wheat  and  flour  to  foreign 
poi  ts  from  Canada,  for  the  year  1856,  as  published  in  the  Trale 
tiud  JNavigatiou  returns : 

^  ^^^^f-  Wheat,  bus.  Flour,  bbls. 

gayfield 155^359  — 

Brantford 22  492 

Chippewa .  —  7777 

^^l^^^^ok ;;;;;;;      _         iog'299 

Cobourg       75,271  13,305 

Port  Credit 99,904  30,118 

Dalhousie 78,647  55,684 

S<^^«/ 118,339  15,164 

S^"^*?- 85,461  9,533 

S^°^y?l}e 66,878  14,839 

^^^Ji^rie _  9^113 

Port  Hope 127,895  — 

^*^""l*oa 659,005  130,306 


■ 


APPENDIX. 

Wheat,  bus.  Flour,  bV* 

^°                                            118  091  ■         — 

I^ondon   ^^g^Qg^  189.438 

Montreal *^°^_  10,633 

Oshawa  -. ^^554  — 

Newcastle ogQ  206 

Oakville I87'l93  83,931 

g^e^f-; 189;332  61,990 

Stamford 179553  — 

Port  Stanley 1661645  83,351 

Toronto ;;  ^'^^^'766  6,140 

Whitby 111986  — 

Woodstock aoo'aq'j  35,859 

Other  ports Jzzl  - — 

Total  exports 4,997,656  878,775 

Value  of  wheat,  ^}i!^^^'''^Z\'l''^^^ 

in  dollars,  $12'997  64^neariy  th^^^^^^^^^^^^  $689,640  to 

Of  this  quantity  $2,103,938  J^.»,  f  ^; '".„^|'i.  nearly  ten  mil- 
North  American  Colomes  and  th^^^^^^^^  y^^^  ^^^^^ 

IpS^v^r?^^^^^^^^^  '-'  -''''  '-'-''''' 

years,  the  following  is  the  result : 

^                                           Wheat.             Flour  Value 

QQ^  7 ''16        668,623  £842,620 

1854 933,/ 06        bb«  ^^^^ 

lie: : : : : : : : : : :  4;997;6f6    878:775  3,240,912 


EAILWAY  TEAFFIC  IN  CANADA. 

a  statement  in  Herapatk's  ^-^I^^ZiZruii^'^M 
that  though  tbe  progress  of  -^^^^^^^^^^ 

r  n^4tr%1  Sil     '  ^T  e?n^r\^-  has  heen  as  follows  : 


From 


1847. 
1848. 
1849, 
1850. 
1861. 


Miles  opened. 

.     24 

"■■      .     30 


42 


1852 

1853. 

1854. 

1855. 

1856. 


MUes  opened. 

.     B6 

"..  132 

'■"*...  431 

..304 

370 


The  Canada  llailways  in  operation  are,  miles. 


1,419 


438 
633 


,931 
,990 

,351 
,140 

.,859 

1,775 

tal  value 
dollars! 
189,540  to 
'  ten  mil- 
hat  these 
safe  to  do, 
Provincial 
I  previous 

• 

lue 

t2,6'20 
;2,691 
10,912 


orZ  we  lea^n 
lot  equaled 
aada  alone 
follows : 

MUes  opened. 

.     86 

"..  132 

■  "  . . .  431 

..304 

'.".*....  370 
1^19 


APPENDIX. 

Railway  TAAFFic—Cuntinued 

Miles  opoi    n  Upper  and 
Lvow  r  Caiiatla. 

Buffalo  and  Lake  Huron 84 

ChampLiin  and  St.  Lawrence 49 

Cobourg  and  Peterboro' 28 

Erie  and  Ontario 17 

Grand  Trunk  (Canada  portion) 701 

Great  Western 284 

London  and  Port  Stanley 24 

Montreal  and  Nt^v  York 37 

Ontario,  Simcoe  and  Huron 96 

Port  Dalhousie  and  Thorold 4 

Port  Hope,  Lindsay  and  Beaverton 41 

Total 1,419 


SURVEY  OF  THE  OTTAWA  AND  FRENCH  RIVER  ROUTE, 

EXTENDING  FKOil  OTTAWA  OITY  TO  LAKE  HUBOJI. 

This  grand  project  of  uniting  the  waters  of  Lake  Huron  and 
the  Ottawa  has  been  recommended  by  the  Provincial  Parlia- 
ment of  Canada,  and  minute  survey  made  of  the  proposed  route. 
The  report  of  the  engineer  saya  : 

"  The  old  canoe  route  of  the  voyageurs  of  the  northwest  fol- 
lows the  Ottawa  for  about  180  miles  above  Ottawa  City  to  the 
mout^  of  Matawan  River,  ascending  "vehich  stream,  nearly  due 
west,  LO  its  head  waters  on  Trout  Lake,  about  40  miles,  it  there 
crosses  the  height  of  land  separating  the  waters  flowing  to  the 
Ottawa  from  these  tributaries  to  the  Lakes  and  St.  Lawrence, 
The  width  of  the  dividing  ridge  may  be  taken  at  three  miles, 
and  it  is  washed  on  the  west  side  by  Lake  Nipissing ;  crossing 
which  we  descend  its  outlet,  the  French  River,  to  the  Georgian 
Bay.  The  distance  from  the  mouth  of  the  Matawan,  where  we 
leave  the  Ottawa,  to  that  of  French  River,  is  about  125  miles- 
being  a  total  of  305  miles  from  Ottawa  City." 

The  above  described  route  is  pronounced  perfectly  practicable 
for  a  ship  canal  route.  "  Of  the  180  miles  from  Ottawa  City  to 
the  Matawan,  about  85  miles  are  navigated,  in  three  distinct 
sections,  by  steamers  of  from  5  to  5|  feet  draught  of  water ; 
tlie  higliest  point  to  which  they  now  ascend  being  '  Les  Deux 
Joachims'  Rapids,  185  miles  above  the  city  of  Ottawa."^  The 
engineer  adds  : 

'•  This  old  canoe  route  is  that  which  will  be  adopted  ^/or  any 
larger  scheme  of  navigation  that  the  growing  wants  of  the  coun- 
iry  may  require  to  be  perfected  by  the  valley  of  the  Ottawa." 


\-\  \    -ri 


APPENDIX. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  REPORTS,  ESTIMATES,  ETC,RELATrE  TO 

IMPROVEMENTS  OF  THE  NAVIGATION  OF  THE  RIVER 

ST.  LAWRENCE,  1866. 

RAl-lDS    OF   THE    ST.    LAWRENCE    RIVER. 

Estimates  of  cost  of  procuring  a  navigable  channel  through- 
out the  whole  of  the  llapids  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  from 
Prescott  to  the  head  of  the  Lachine  Canal,  by  removing  the 
obstructions;  that  channel  to  be  200  feet  wide,  and  between  12 
and  13  feet  deep  at  low  summer  water  : 

Fept.  In.  Est.  Cost. 

1.  Galops  Rapids  (Isle  au  Galops  to  Point  Iroquois) . .  14  9  £11^2 

2.  Rapid  Plat • ^^  ^  17.00 

8.  Long  Sault  (North  Channel)  ..,■..••• i^.--y--:\^  "  /  tLUt 

4.  Coteau  Rapids  (^Lake  St.  Francis  to  Pie.  au  Diable)  |  (  40,8b5 

5.  Cedar  Rapids  (Vte.  au  Diable  to  Pte.  au  Moulin).  ^  V84  0         <  12,500 

6.  Cascade  Rapids  (Pte.  au  Moulin  to  Lake  bt.  Louis) )  I  WOJ> 

7.  Lachine  Rapida J^   ^       

Total 203     0       £180,000 

It  results  from  the  examination  made  by  the  undersigned, 
and  upon  which  they  have  the  honor  of  reporting  above : 

1st  That  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  in  its  present  condition, 
may  be  considered  navigable,  during  low  summer  water,  from 
Prescott  to  the  foot  of  Lake  St.  Francis,  for  vesse  s  drawing 
eight  feet ;  also,  through  Lake  St.  Louis  for  vessels  drawing 
eilht  feet  or  even  ten  feet,  tmd  between  Lake  St.  Irancis  and 
St  Louis  for  vessels  drawing  six  feet,  and  during  the  higher 
stacres  of  water  by  vessels  respectively  of  a  somewhat  heavier 
draft,  however,  not  exceeding  Sh  and  6^  feet. 

2d  That  to  make  it  perfectly  navigable  throughout,  from 
Prescott  to  the  head  of  the  Lachine  Canal,  for  vessels  drawing 
ten  feet  will  require  the  removal  of  obstructions  in  the  galops 
Kapids,'the  north  channel  of  the  Long  Sault,  the  Coteau,  Cedar, 

and  Cascade  Rapids.  .      j..         r.  ».     „+;<^^c  v^r 

3d    That  the  practicability  of  removing  those  obstructions  by 

means  of  sub-marine  blasting,  etc.,  1^^  J^^^^n  ascertained  by 

actual  experiment  in  different  portions  of  the  Coteau  Rapids , 

^''4th.  That  the  cost  of  the  whole  improvement  wiU  not  exceed 
£180,000,  or  $720,000. 

(Signed)  B.  Maillefert,  >  Engineers. 

W.  Raasloff,      3      ^ 


APPENDIX. 


RAPIDS,  ISLANDS,  ETC.,  BETWEEN   PKESCOTT  AN...  MON- 
TREAL,  GIVING  THE  DISTANCES  FEOM  PEESCOTT. 

South  or  Am  kric Arc  Side.  North  oh  Canada  Side. 


OGDENSBUUGII, 
JVorthern  Railro  ;rf. 
Chimney  Islands,  5  miles. 

Tibbet's  Island,  6  miles. 
Isle  aux  Galops,  7  mUes. 

Long  Point. 

Rapid. 

Ogden's  Island,  18  miles. 

Waddingtojv. 

Goose  Neck  Island.  24  miles. 

Chrysler's  Island,  27  miles. 

Cat  Island,  31  milea 

Croyles  Island. 

Long  Sault  Island,  36  miles. 

Long  Sault 

Barnhart's  Island. 
Rapids. 

45  degrees  N.  lat. 

St.  Regis. 

Squaw  Island,  61  miles. 

Lake 
2  to  6  miles 


o 


ft. 


o 

o 

o 
*^ 

(?♦• 

w 


PRESCOTT, 

Ottawa  and  Fresco  ft  R.  R. 
Isle  aux  Moutons. 
Drummond's  Island. 
Duck  Island. 

Galops  Rapids. 

Port  Cardinal,  10  miles. 
Tousson's  I:iland,  12  miles. 
Port  Iroquois,  14  miles. 

Rapid  Plat. 

Williamsburg. 
Chrysler's  Farm. 

Cat  Island. 

Farren's  Point,  33  miles. 

DiCKiN'iOJNr's  Landing,  38  m. 

Rapids,  40  miles 

Sheek's  Island,  41  miles 

Rapids. 

Cornwall  Island. 

Cornwall,  50  miles. 

St.  Regis  Island,  53  miles 

Butternut  Island. 

St.  Francis, 

in  width. 

Cote  A  r  nu  Lac,  80  miles. 


APPENDIX. 


North  Side. 
Maclntyre  Island. 
Maple  IslaTid. 

Cotean 

Thorn  Islaud. 

Pig  Island. 

Broad  Island,  84  miles. 

La  Pierre  Island. 

Islo  a  VAil. 

Cedar 

St.  Timothy. 
Isle  aux  Noii. 


o. 


Split  Rocx' River. 

Cascade 

Beauhabnois,  96  miles. 

Iklouth  of  Ottawa  River. 

Lake 

4  to  8  miles 
Caughnawaga,  j 

Mo?itreal  Sf  Kew  York  R.R 

Lachine 

Isle  aux  DiaUe. 

La  Feairie. 

Victoria 

St.  Helen's  Island. 


South  Side. 

1  Giroux  Island. 
French  Island. 

Rapids,  8-2  miles. 

Fish  Island. 

Prisoner's  Island. 

Isle  aux  VachoB. 

Cedah  Village,  90  miles. 

Eapids. 

Isle  aux  Quacks. 
Isle  de  la  Grande  Chute 
Pointc  aux  I^Ioulin. 
Round  Island. 

Eapida,  91  nules. 
Isle  aux  Cascades. 
Isle  Pcrrot. 
St.  Louis, 
in  width. 

Lachine,  112  miles. 
Lachine  Railroad. 

Rapids,  116  miles. 
Isle  aux  Ilcron. 
Nun's  Island. 

Bridge. 

MONTREAL,  122  miles. 


?d 


11 


APPENDIX. 


ST.  LA  WHEN  ^lE  AND  CnAMPLAlN  SHIP  CANAL. 

As  the  improvement  of  the  llapida  of  St.  Lawrence  River, 

in  connection  with  the  proposed  Ht.  Lawrence  and  Champlain 

Ship  Canal,  are  of  the  greatest  importance  to  the  commerce  of 

both  the  Canadas  as  well  as  the  United  States,  we  subjoin  the 

following  extracts,  reported  to  the  Legislative  Assembly  of 

Canada  during  the  2d  session,  5th  ParliaKiCnt,  1856 : 

"  The  estimates  have  '  een  made  for  a  ship  canal  with  80  feet 
of  width  at  bottom,  slopes  of  two  horizontal  to  one  vertical, 
with  banks  16  feet  high,  and  calculated  in  ordinary  times  for 
1^  feet  depth  of  water,  and  during  the  sea'^ons  when  there  may 
bv  unusual  high  water  in  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Lakes,  to 
be  (sed  with  12  feet  of  water;  'he  locks  to  be  230  feet  long, 
on  tie  clear  between  the  gates,  and  36  feet  wide,  with  one  foot 
less  c'opth  of  water  on  the  miter  sills  than  there  is  depth  of 
watCx  in  the  canal. 

"  First.  By  enlarging  Cliambly  Canal  and  improving  the 
navigation  of  the  river  Sorel,  or  Richelieu,  for  a  distance  of 
about  46  miles.  This  route  has  the  improvement  of  the  lock 
and  dam  at  St.  Ours.  Total  length  from  St.  John's  to  Sorel, 
68  miles.    Estimated  cost,  $2,016,080. 

"  Sccotid.  By  enlarging  part  of  the  Chambly  Canal  and  build- 
ing new  canal  for  the  remainder  of  the  distance  to  Longueuil 
(opposite  Montreal),  28^  miles.    'Estimated  cost,  $3,473,360. 

"  Third.  By  enlarging  part  of  the  Chambly  Canal  and  build- 
ing new  canal  for  the  remainder  of  the  distance  to  Caughna- 
waga  (above  Montreal),  34 i  miles  (Champlain  level).  Estimated 
cost,  $3,706,230. 

"  Fourth.  By  building  a  canal  from  St.  John  to  Caughnawa- 
ga,  on  a  direct  line,  with  a  navigable  feeder  from  the  Beauhar- 
nois  Canal,  25.}  miles.     Estimated  cost,  $2,979,240. 

"  The  direct  line.  No.  4,  will  have  eight  locks,  five  ascending 
and  three  descending  to  Lake  Champlain ;  or  six  lift-locks  more 
than  the  Champlain  level.  No.  8,  and  nine  miles  less  length  of 
canal.  The  direct  line  must  be  supplied  with  water  from  the 
St.  Lawrence,  and  will  require  a  feeder  of  16  miles  in  length. 
The  feeder  will  enter  the  canal  at  a  point  about  four  miles  from 
the  terminus  at  Caughnavvaga.  The  entrance  into  the  lock  at 
Caughnawaga  is  about  one  and  a  half  miles  above  the  railroad 
and  ferry  wharf.  This  is  the  nearest  point  at  which  a  good 
entrance,  with  depth  of  water  and  quiet  current,  could  be  ob- 
tained.    The  situation  is  very  eligible  for  wharves  and  piers 


I 


m 


m 
i 


APPENDIX. 

that  will  be  required;  very  safe,  and  by  means  f  ^  small  isl- 
and  -^imediately  above,  very  capacious  accommodation  may  be 
made,  at  moderate  expense  for  the  lumber  trade,  m  changmg 
from  the  river  to  the  canal,  as  well  as  for  vessels,  in  their  tran- 
Bit  between  river  and  canal." 

In  order  to  make  the  above  magnificent  improvements  avail- 
able  to  the  city  of  New  York  and  the  Union  at  large,  it  would 
require  a  Ship  Canal  to  be  constructed  from  Whitehall  to  Al- 
bany or  Hudson,  a  total  distance  of  about  90  miles. 

When  the  united  wisdom  and  capital  of  Canada  and  the  United 
States  shall  have  completed  this  great  work,  then  may  we  see 
vessels  of  one  thousand  tons  burden  or  upward  loading  at  the 
different  ports  on  the  Upper  Lakes,  and  sailing  direct  for  Mon- 
treal*  or  New  York,  and  from  either  of  the  above  sea-ports 
proceed  direct  to  the  different  ports  on  the  Atlantic  or  Pacific 
oceans. 


*  The  Lachine  Canal,  8i  miles  in  length,  would  have  to  be  enlarged  to 
the  same  dimenaions  as  the  proposed  St.  Lawrence  and  Champlain  CanaL 


:;if 


aall  isl- 
may  be 
langing 
ir  tran- 

ts  avail- 
it  would 
LI  to  Al- 

e  United 
Y  we  see 
Lg  at  the 
for  Mon- 
3ea-port8 
)r  Pacific 


nlarged  to 
aia  CanaL 


25    BRCADWAY 


i'    !  !l. 


Is       •   I 


Q 

o 


?5 


P 

o 

o 


o 


3*1 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


CLIFTON  HOUSE, 

On  the  Canada  Side, 

la  siiuated  directly  in  front  of  the  AMERICAN  and  BRITISH 
FALLS.  Visitors  should  Check  their  Baggage  to  the  Canada 
side  of  the  Niagara  Suspension  Bridge,  and  hand  their  checks 
to  porters  wearing  Badge  of 

'^CLIFTON   HOUSE.'' 

ET  OMMIBUSES  and  Baggage  Wagons  attend  the  arrival 
and  departure  of  all  Passenger  Trains  at  the  Bridge. 

G.  P.  SHEARS,  Proprietor. 
Clifton,  C.  W. 


INTERNATIOI^AL  HOTEL, 


PROPRIETORS, 
NIAGARA  FALLS,   (American  Side.) 


•^  5fc 


m 


Sj« 


I 
I 


ffinomnc&^sj  asom^srsjis 


'^^        '   '^jEr:FBRSON    AVENUE, 

I  Proprielors.  ffi  1  f  1  ®  I  ^ 


^^i^pi,ffia®E(s^ss  mmima 


KING  STREET,  EAST,  HAMILTON,  C.  W. 
CHAKLES  S.   COLEMAN,   Puopbietob. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


^2) 


BIDDLE   HOUSE, 

JEFFERSON  AVENUE, 

♦ 

DETROIT,       MICH. 


This  large  and  commodious  Hotel  is  favorably  situated,  on 
a  wide  Avenue,  near  the  center  of  the  City,  being  convenient  to 
the  Railroad  Depots  and  Steamboat  Landings. 

0.  B.  DIBBLE  &  SON, 

Proprietors. 


JOHNSON'S  HOTEL, 

S.   B.   KING,   PROPRIETOR. 

Opposite  Michigan  Central  Railroad  Depot,  Corner  of 
AVoodbridgc  an^l  Third  Streets, 

DETROIT,     MICH. 


f  ►( 


i:» 


BOOKSELLER, 

JEFFERSON    AVENUE, 
DET:p,OIT,    MICH. 


JOHN   R.   KERK    &    CO 

WOODWARO  AVENtE, 

DETROIT      MIOTT. 


Ih  1 


ADVERTISEMENTB. 


CHIPPEWA   HOUSE, 

SAIJX    STE    MARIE,    MICH 


This  favorite  Hotel  is  pleasantly  situated,  near  the  steamboat 
landings,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ship  Canal,  and  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  Fort  Brady. 

No  section  of  country  exceeds  the  Saut  and  its  vicinity  for 
fishing,  hunting,  or  aquatic  sports.  The  table  of  the  Hotel  is 
daily  supplied^th  delightful  White  Fish,  and  other  varieties  of 
the  season,  no  pains  being  spared  to  ma-ke  this  house  a  comfort- 
able  home  for  the  pleasure-traveler,  or  man  of  business. 

H.  P.  SMITH, 

Proprietor. 


ilMSTRONG  HOUSE, 

COLI.INOWOOD,  C.  W. 


This  Hotel,  adjoining  the  Railroad  Depot,  will  be  found  a 
desirable  stopping-place  for  the  traveler  visiting  this  section  of 
Canada.  Nottawassaga  Bay  and  Georgian  Bay,  together 
with  the  innumerable  islands  which  dot  its  surface,  on  the 
north  shore,  altogether  afford  ample  amusement  to  the  angler 
andsportsman.  G.W.ARMSTRONG, 

Proprietor. 

1^  Steamers  leave  the  landing,  near  the  Hotel,  daUy  for 
Mackinac,  Chicago,  Saut  Ste  Marie,  etc. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


^E, 


steamboat 
immediate 

icinity  for 
lio  Hotel  is 
arieties  of 
a  oomfort- 

>BS. 

prietor. 


iE 


be  found  a 
s  section  of 
.Y,  together 
ace,  on  the 
the  angler 

Q, 
jprietor. 

;el,  daily  for 


'e 


flliiiS  ! 

torner  of  Lake  and  Dearborn  Streets, 

CHICAGO. 

GAGE,  BROTHER  &  DRAKE,  Proprietors. 


Sll 


3 


Jl 


^ 


P 


Randolph  Street,  CHICAGO. 
FLOYD  &.  FRENCH,  PROPRIETORS. 

RICHMOND    HOUSE, 

Michigan  Avenue,  CHICAGO. 
TABER   &    CO.,   PROPRIETORS. 


ADVERTISFMENTa. 


AMERICAN  HOTEL 

Superiot  Street, 
CLEVELAND,    OHIO 


This  old  and  popular  Hotel,  situated  near  the  center  pf  the 
city, -will  be  found  worthy  of  patronage.  ,  t.    -^^o 

^   An  OMNIBUS  runs  to  the  different  "Railroad  Depots 
and  Steamboat  Landings  for  the  convenience  of  guests. 

A.  P.  WINSLOW, 

Proprietor. 


iilLL  l©ii 

J.  F.  ROSS,  PROPRIETOR, 

Corner  of  Superior  and  Bank   Streets, 
CLEVELAND,  OHIO. 


OMNIbUSES  run  to  and  from  this  Hotel  to  the 
Depots  and  Steamboat  Landings. 


COMMERCIAL  HOTEL, 

PENETANGUISHENE,  C.  W. 
JAMES  JEFFREY,   PROPRIETOR. 

rhe  COMMERCIAL  HOTEL  is  a  comfortable  brick  house, 

Alio    \j^  ,«.,,.     A,l  ■a■/^c,4•^/^•..     and  PVftrV 

newly  furnished,  with  a  good  Biaoie,  curcxu.  xxOo....,  "•-;-;- 
accommodation  for  travelers,  and  commanding  a  splendid  view 
of  Penetanguishene  Bay,  contiguous  to  Georgian  Bay 


L 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


,er  of  the 
,d  Depots 

> 
prietor. 


AMERICAN  HOTEL, 

Corner  of  Front  and  Yonge  Streets, 

TORONTO    c.  w 

N.  F.  PEARSON,  Proprietor. 

This  Popular  Hotel,  is  conveniently  situated,  near  the  Custom 
House  Wharf  and  Steamboat  Landing,  and  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  Railroad  Depots. 

BP"  PORTERS  will,  be  in  attendance  on  the  arrival  and 
departure  of  Steamers  and  Passenger  Trains  of  Cars,  to  take 
charge  of  baggage,  etc. 


tSf 


EL  to  the 


CLAPiEIDON   HOUSE, 

FRorarT  strbxst,  torostto. 


EL, 


roE. 

irick  house, 
)lendid  view 


B.    C.   CHILDS, 

(Late  Proprietor  of  the  International  Hotel,  Niagara  Falls,) 
announces  that  he  has  now  furnished  entirely  and  refitted  and 
decorated  the  above  House,  and  is  now  ready  to  accommodate 
his  old  friends  and  the  public  in  the  best  style.    Pleasure 


111    i»_J   !.«_, 


iravuiurs  vmi  iiuu  uci  o  a  vuiiiivx 


PORTERS  will  be  found  at  the  Steamboat  Landings  and 
Railroad  Depots,  to  take  charge  of  Baggage,  etc. 


i 

■ 


?  ; 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


RUSSELL'S  HOTEL, 

FJ^T^J^CE     STREET, 

Q.TJEBEC  (Upper  Town). 


^^  This  well-managed,  and  most  comfortable  iIotel,  kept  by 
Messrs  Russell,  of  Quebec,has  recently  been  newly  painted  and 
re-furnished  throughout.  The  ball-room,  used  in  summer,  when 
the  house  is  full  of  strangers,  as  a  dining-room,  has  been  en- 
tirely re-decorated  in  the  handsomest  style.  The  room  will 
comfortably  dine  250  persons  at  a  tim^.-Toronto  Globe, 
April,  1857 


cecuroh;  street 

TORONTO,  C.  W. 


The  undersigned,  grateful  for  favors  extended  him  since  as- 
suming  the  Proprietorship  of  this  Hotel,  and  having  effected 

his  summer  arrangemuuLc,  is  y,uu.L,::^±^v  ^^- -  c, 

faction  to  all  who  favor  him  with  their  patronage. 

G.  F.  rOPE. 

Toronto,  April  21, 1857. 


IL, 


-  5 


,  kept  by 
inted  and 
ler,  when 
been  en- 
'oom  will 
0    Globe, 


1  since  as- 
ig  effected 
ntirft  satis- 


IfOPE. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


Main  Street,  Brockville,  C,  ¥. 

The  Subscriber  begs  to  intimate  to  his  friends  and  the  public,  that  he  has 
.oased  tlie  above  premises,  and  wiil  feel  jrratoful  for  the  continuance  of 
the  patronage  heretofore  extended  to  the  Hotel. 

Tlie  situation  of  Brockvillk  is  one  of  the  pleasantcst  on  the  whole  line 
of  tlie  St.  Lawrence  or  Grand  Trunk  Railroad.  From  it  the  traveler  may 
enter  at  once,  by  steamboat,  into  the  exciting  scenery  of  the  Thousand 
Islands.  Or  if  the  wonderful  Eapids  of  the  St.  Lawrence  are  to  be  visit- 
ed, the  local  position  of  Brockville  renders  it  the  most  enticing,  and  at  the 
same  time  the  most  convenient  spot  for  taking  steamboat  downward  to 
iMontreal  and  Quebec. 

Brockville  also  forms  a  comfortable  half-way  distance  between  Montrervl 
and  Toronto  by  railroad,  wliere  passengers  could  onjoy  a  quiet  night's 
rest,  and  continue  th'iir  journey,  eitlier  East  or  West,  on  the  following  day, 
there  being  a  local  and  through  train  each  way. 

THE     WILSON    HOUSE 

Is  commodious,  and  one  of  the  most  comfortable  in  America.    Omnibuses 
will  attend  at  the  cars  and  boats  to  carry  passengers  to  the  House,  free  of 
charge. 
J^^"  Stages  leave  daily  for  SmiWa  Falls,  Perth,  Farmersville,  Wed- 

^"^'^^'"  JOHN  BRENNAN,  Proprietor, 

Brockville,  March,  1887. 

"^ROWE'S    HOTEL, 

ALEXANDRIA    BAY, 

JEFFERSON    CO.,    N.    Y. 

This  House  is  entirely  new,  and  is  fitted  and  furnished  in  first-class 
style.  It  is  in  the  vicinity  of  the  great  Fishing  Grounds  and  the  Tuor- 
SANo  Islands,  which  kave  become  so  noted  for  their  beauty  and  romantic 

scenery.  ,  ,  .     , 

f  The  American  Steamers  make  regular  landmgs  at  this  place. 

B.  ROWE,  Proprietor. 


CROSSMON'S   HOTEL, 

ALEXANDRIA     BAY, 

JEFFEESON  CO.,  N.  T. 
The  proximity  of  this  House  to  the  Thousand  Islands  (the  great  fishing 
grounds),  as  well  as  its  airy  and  healthful  location,  renders  it  a  desirable 

resort. 
Tke  American  Boats  make  regular  landings  at  this  place. 
p^  Passengers  conveyed  inland  to  any  part  of  the  county. 


m% 


CHARLES  CROSSMON.  Proprietor. 


ADVERTISEMKNTS. 


I 


LAKE  HOUSE, 

LAKE    GEORGt. 


This  old  and  popular  Hotel  is  delightfully  located  at  the 
head  of  the  Lake,  and  surrounded  by  extensive  and  well-shaded 
grounds  The  traveling  public  from  the  South  will  find  at 
Moreau  Station  coaches  to  convey  passengevj  over  a  fine  plank 
road  to  the  House,  affording  a  piua.ant  and  speedy  mode  of 
conveyance  from  Saratoga  Springs.  The  Lake  Champlam 
Steamers  land  and  receive  passengers  at  Ticonderoga  connect- 
ing  by  Stage  with  the  Steamer  on  Lake  George,  affordmg  a 
most  delightful  excursion. 

jfrn-  Cottages  and  Rooms  can  be  engaged  by  mail,  addressed 
to  iTke  House,         JOHN  F.  SHERRILL,  Proprietor, 

Caldwell,  Warren  County,  r..  Y 


WOODRUFF    HOUSE 

(Opposite  the  Park,) 

W  ATERTOWN,   N.  Y. 

D.  DOKSEY,  Proprietor. 


ST.  LAWRENCE  HOTEL, 

Corner  of  Ford  and  State  Streets, 

OGDENSBURGH,   N.   Y. 

D.  DORSET,  Proprietor. 


^   An  OMNIBUS  runs  from  the  Hotel  to  the  Depots  and 
St^boat  Landings,  for  the  convenience  of  g  lesta 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


THE 


FORT  WILLIAM  HENRY  HOTEL, 

OPENED    FOR    THE    RECEPTION    OF    GUESTS    ON   THE    IST 

JUNE,    1857. 


This  is  a  new  Hotel,  erected  in  1855,  situated  nt  the  south 
end  of  Lake  George,  immediately  adjoining  the  riiitis  of  Fort 
William  Henry,  and  a  short  distance  from  the  Lake  House. 
It  has  a  view  of  the  Lake  for  miles  northward. 

The  house  and  furniture  have  cost  about  $97,000.  It  is  335 
feet  in  length  on  the  Lake,  and  42  feet  deep,  with  a  wing  192 
feet  in  the  rear.  The  grounds  are  laid  out  in  the  most  beauti- 
ful manner,  with  fountains,  etc.  The  house  can  comfortably 
accommodate  350  guests. 

Water  is  brought  for  the  use  of  the  Hotel  from  a  mountain 
spring,  the  distance  of  a  mile,  and  is  carried  to  every  part  of 
the  house,  furnishing  a  full  supply  of  Hot  and  Cold  Baths ;  the 
house  is  lighted  throughout  with  gas. 

The  Hotel  contains  every  comfort  and  convenience  that  can 
be  desired,  and  is  furnished  in  a  style  not  inferior  to  our  first- 
class  city  hotels. 

The  rooms  are  all  large,  with  complete  ventilation,  and  most 
of  them  connect,  so  that  suites  of  rooms  may  be  had,  or  private 
parlors,  as  may  be  preferred.  A  Livery  Stable  is  connect.ed 
with  the  house,  together  with  an  abundance  of  stable  and  barn 
room.  A  Billiard  and  Bowling  Saloon  is  also  attached  to  the 
Hotel. 

^^  Ail  communications  to  be  addressed  to  ''Caldwell, 
Warren  County,  N.  Y." 

DANIEL  GALE,  Proprietor 


'ti    • 


Wi^ 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 

colemXn'S 


CORNBE  OF 

CUSTOM    HOUSE    SQUARE. 


This  spacious  HoTEi.  is  conveniently  and  prominently  situ- 
This  spacions        vp.vitiful  view  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  is 
ated,  commanding  a  l^^^'^'^^'^Toiiv  for  its  style,  finish,  and 
unsurpassed  by  any  house  in  the  city  for  its  s  y    , 
arrangements  for  Travelers  or  Visitors  to  the  city,  on 

°^tT::PKiK.o.,  having  made  extensive'  a-ngem-ts  for 
been  bestowed.  ^   WARREN  COLEMAN,  Proprietor. 


lilMffi  UML, 


Great  St.  James  Street, 

MONTREAL. 


K— r»*.. ..  -  -  *  Cor::"'. 

Boston  Hotels,  and  comprises  a  UllNlJNU  oaw 
ovvt  ROOM,  unequalcd  by  any  Hotel  in  Canada. 

S-  The  TABLE  will  receive  special  attention,  with  the  vi™ 

0^ --'-"-r!:!ir  r":t^:nhrsr»a  an 

oS;r  J  aU; rinTttcndance  on  the  a.i.al  or  de- 
parture  of  Railway  Cars  »->  Steamboat^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^ 


¥. 


tly  situ- 
3,  and  is 
lish,  and 
business 

lents  for 
ned  that 
Luance  of 
leretofore 

jrietor. 


Llii 


t  beautiful 

Post-Office, 

V  York  and 

and  CON- 

Ith  the  view 
erica. 

rs ;  and  an 
rival  or  de- 

'oprietors. 


CLARENDON    HOTEL, 

LEWIS  STREET,  UPPER  TOWN, 
QUEBEC. 


The  Proprietor  begs  to  return  thanks  to  the  public  for  the 
kind  patronage  which  has  been  liberally  bestowed  on  him, 
and  informs  them  that  he  has  in  many  ways  improved,  with 
regard  to  elegance  and  comfort,  this  old  and  well-known 
Establishment. 

His  DINING  HALL  has  been  re-fitted  according  to  the 
PARISIAN  STYLE,  and  he  flatters  himself  that  his  Table 
will  be  second  to  none  in  the  country.  As  to  the  situation 
of  the  Hotel,  it  is  in  one  of  the  most  central  and  healthiest 
parts  of  the  city.  It  is  also  contiguous  to  the  Court  House, 
Olympic  Theater,  Governor's  Garden,  Citadel,  Durham  Terrace, 
and  other  places  of  public  resort. 

H.    O'NEILL. 


¥.  NORMAN'S  VICTORIA  HOTEL, 

POINT    LEVI, 

OPPOSITE  QUEBEC, 

f^DJOINlNG   THE   TERMINUS  OF  THE  GRAND  TRUNK  RAILWAY. 

Travelers  and  Tourists  will  find  the  above  Hotel  a  most  com- 
fortable and  pleasant  resting-place,  having  a  splendid  view  ou 
the  River  St.  Lawrence,  and  being  surrounded  by  large  and 
beautiful  Gardens. 

Steamboats  crossing  from  the  Hotel  to  Quebec  every  a 
uiiuutes. 

p^  Permits  to  visit  the  Citadel  may  be  had  at  the  Office. 

Hot,  Cold,  and  Shower  Baths  at  any  minute. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


^;^SIN   HOUSE, 

CORNER  OF  KING   AND  YORK  STEEETS, 
TORONTO,  C.  W. 


nent  part  of  the  city,  co  ^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^. 

7T  '^^nll7m\l^'^^^^  in  a  Btyle  .n.urpa.ed  in 

The  Proprietor  of  th^«I=  '^^''^  accommodation  of  the 

Sir  "rent  B—  tm  he  ta.en  .  re^onahie 
rntPS     Transient  Guests,  $2  per  day. 

rates,    iransit  ^  ^  jQSLIN,  Proprietor. 

Toronto,  June,  1857^ ~ 

BSfrlSHTMElUCAN    HOTEL, 


CORNER  OF 


KING  AND  CLARENCE  STREE^rS, 


KINGSTON,  CAN. 

GILBERT   &  KENT, 

PROPRIETOKS^ 

MUNGER^  HD 

OSWEGO,    N.  Y. 

PROPRIETORS. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


E, 


d  proxiii- 
jney  can 
yet  oou- 
passed  in 
md  each 

;nnounces 
on  of  the 
easonablo 


ETS, 


NT, 

[ETORS. 

rsE, 


ORS. 


a*  m  i*  iifv  m 


I 


HrsraiiiK 


SARATOGA  SPRINGS. 

PROPKIETOPtS. 

This  large  and  popular  Hotel,  delightfully  situated  opposite 
CONGRESS   SPRING, 
is  now  fitted  up  with  every  accommodation  for  the  comfort  of 
Tisitors. 

The  buildings   and  grounds  have  been  recently  enlarged, 
makijig  it  one  of  the  most  extensive  Hotels  in  the  Union. 

SARATOGA    SPRINGS, 

NEAR  CONGRESS  SPRING, 

HATHORN    &    HALL, 

PROPRIETORS. 


A-MERICA^IST    HOTEL, 

SARATOGA   SPRINGS. 
BY    WILCOX    &    PITKIN, 

PLEASANTLY    SIl'UATED   ON   THE   WEST   SIDE   OF 

BROADWAY, 

^^©"  Half  way  between  United  States  Hotel  and  Union  Hall 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


OLD  OSWEGO  LINE. 

CAPITAL   $300,000. 

IN^CORPORATED  UNDER  THE  LAWS  OF  THE  STATE 

OE  l^EW  YORK. 


D    C    LTTTLE.TOHN,  PRB8n)ENT,1 

H  riTZHUGH,  Vice-President,  \  Og^EOO. 

a'  H    failing,  Secretaky, 

H  FITZHUQH,  Jk.,  Teeasxteee,  J 


and  CHEAPER  than  by  any  other  water  communication. 

NO  TRANSHIPMENT  AT  ALBANY  OR  TROY. 
NEW  YORK  AGENT.-F.  8.  LITTLEJOHN,  100  Broad  Street. 

^^'*"^*'T«'T..crTUNTEEWIN,  Detroit ,  FIELD  * 
^!f4,l?slKr«  1-  C^^oL*  .HOKHTOX  .  EITZHnOH, 

lake   Ontario  «»"f  °'=^- -^'i,*;  malcomsoN,  namiuon.  C. 
Office  of  Company,  Oswego  .  ^   ""'^  BBOWN,  M  J- 

BOEST  &  CO.,  T.  J.  MIILEI.  &  CO.,  ana  rOUNELL, 

Toronto,  0.  W.;  <J.  M.  KINOHOEN  ^"^.J"  .^^-^^^f  WOOD- 
Lewi3ton,lS.T.;  A.  ^^-^'  ^     ,  =  j^^^^jj  &  SON,  Ogdensburgh, 

WORTH,  Alexandria  Bay,  N.  1. ,  i^-  J*^^ 
N  Y  •  FOWLER  &  ESSELTYNE,  Clayton,  N^Y. 
.      '^  Mark  Packages,  "OLD  OSWEGO  LINE," 


I  Daily 


from 


Pier  8,  E.  R.,  New  York. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


m. 


fl. 


STATE 


he  "West, 
[JICKER 


■eet. 

:.EJOIIN, 

t. 

Bee    •with 

;,  Toledo ; 

JGH. 

DOUSE- 
FIELD  & 
rZHUGH, 

'resident, 
iinilton,  C. 
?^N,  M  J. 
lITLAND, 
3011NELL, 
&  WOOD* 
densburgh, 

5\iip  Daily 


PIZVB    ZiANDS    ISr    JMCICHZaAXr. 

THE  SAINT  MARY'S  FALLS 

©FriSB.    FOR    SAZiS 


THEIR    ENTIRE    SELECTION   OF 


550,000  Acres  of  Pine  and  Faming  Land 

IN    MICHIGAN. 


These  comprise  some  of  the  choicest  and  most  desirable  lands 
in  the  West,  either  for  settleme7it,  as  an  investment,  or  for 
lumbering  purposes. 

Unlike  a  considerable  portion  of  the  Pine  Lands  of  the 
country,  these  lands  are  valuable  for  fanning  purposes  after 
the  timber  is  cut  off;  They  were  selected  with  great  care,  with 
particular  reference  to  the  quality  and  quantity  of  the  Pine, 
and  their  locality  on  the  large  streams  of  the  State. 

These  lands  are  more  favorably  situated  in  reference  to  the 
Chicago  Market,  than  any  other  Western  timber  lands.  Some 
of  the  finest  Pine  timber  is  located  within  IG  miles  of  Lake 
Michigan,  with  good  water  communication  to  the  Lake,  and 
with  but  150  miles  of  Lake  navigation  to  Chicago. 

Particular  information  given,  and  description  of  land  fur- 
nished, on  application  to 

GEO,  S.  FROST,  Land  Agent 

Land  Office  St.  Mary's  Falls  Ship  Canal  Co., ) 
Detroit,  Michigan.  > 


ADVERTISEtSENTS. 


McKlXriaKT'S 


LAKE  SUPERIOll  LINE. 


The  Splendid  Low  Pressure  Steamer  ILLINOIS,  t'apt.  John 
Wilson,  will  run  the  ensuing  season  between  Cleveland,  De- 
troit, Saut  Ste  Marik,  Superior  Cn  y,  and  intermediate 
ports  on  Lake  Superior,  as  follows: 
Leaves  Clevelavb  at T o'clock  p.m.         Leaves  Deteoit  10  o'clock  am. 

Tuesday May  5  |  Wednesday IV^ay  G 

Friday* "  ],^ 


Tuesday "  2b 

Friday* June  5 

Tuesday "  J,^ 

Friday* ''  2G 

Tuesday -^^"^  i 

Friday* "^  I' 

Tuesday ^^ 

Friday* August  7 

Tuesday "     1° 

Friday* "     28 

Tuesday bept  » 

Friday* "    l^ 


Saturday* "  ^^ 

Wednesday "27 

Saturday* June  6 

Wednesday "^  17 

Saturday* "  27 

Wednesday Jw  » 

Saturday* "    1° 

Wednesday "   29 

Saturday* Aug  8 

Wednesday "  1^ 

Saturday* ^•'29 

Wednesday Sept  9 

Saturday* "   J^ 

Wednesday "   ^^ 


Tuesday "   29 

The  days  of  leaving  Cleveland  and  Detroit  after  Oct  1st 
will  be  irregular,  but  will  be  as  near  the  above  schedule  as 

weather  will  permit.  , .     ax ^    ^  c\C\(\ 

The  ILLINOIS  is  a  first-class  upper-cabin  Steamer,  l,uuu 
tons  burthen,  fitted  and  furnished  with  spacious,  airy  state- 
rooms, and  all  the  modern  improvem.  nts  for  safety  and  comfort^ 
'Te^sure-seekers  will  find  this  route  ^^rivf  ed  forjji^^^^ 
of  climate,  beauty  and  variety  of  scenery  ;  while  an  opportunity 
is  afforded  to  visit  the  rich  Iron  Mines  at  Marquette,  and  the 
unrivaled  Copper  Mines  at  Eagle  River  and  Ontonagon^ 

l^  Parties  at  a  distance  wishing  to  secure  State-Rooms,  can 
do  so  by  addressing  the  Subscriber,  ^^  ^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^ 

^W  In  addition  to  Steamer  Illinois,  two  first-class  Propel- 
lers are  run  in  this  line,  carrying  heavy  freight,  etc.  ^ 


ADYERTISEMENTS. 


NE. 


pt.  JOHW 
AND,  De- 

irmediate 


lock  A  M. 

MavC 
"*16 
«  27 

June  6 
"  17 
"  27 

Julys 
"  18 
«   29 

Aug.  8 
"  19 
♦«   29 

Sept.  9 
"  19 
«   30 

QV  Oct.  1st 

;h.edule  as 

ner,  1,000 
dry  state- 
d  comfort. 
•  salubrity 
pportunity 
e,  and  the 
on. 
Rooms,  can 

Detroit. 

3S  Propel- 

c. 

CONAQOK. 


LAB  EW 


THE  STEAMER 


iTORTH    STA.Il, 


B.  G.  SWEET,  Master, 


Lbaves  Ci  eveland,  as  follows, 
AT  8  o'clock  p.m. 

Thursday April  80th 

Monday May  11th 

Thursday "     21st 

Monday June  1st 

Thursday "  llth 

Monday «    22d 

Thursday July  2d 

Monday <'  I3th 

Thursday ««   23d 

Monday Aug.  3d 

Thursday "   18th 

Monday "  24th 

Thursday Sept.  3d 

Monday ''14th 

Thursday "  24th 

Monday' Oct.  5th 

Thursday "  l.-,th 

Monday «  26th 

Thursday Nov.  5th 

Monday "   16th 


Leaves  Detroit,  as  follows, 
AT  10  o'clock  a.m. 

Friday May  Isl 

Tuesday "12th 

Friday «   22d 

Tuesday June  2d 

Friday "  12th 

Tuesday «   28d 

Friday July  8d 

Tuesday "  14th 

Friday «  24th 

Tuesday — Aug.  4th 

Friday "   14th 

Tuesday «   25th 

Friday Sept.  4th 

Tuesday "   15th 

Friday «    25th 

Tuesday Oct.  6th 

Friday «   i6th 

Tuesday "  27th 

Friday Nov.  Cth 

Tuesday «'    I7th 


The  NORTH  STAR  is  not  surpassed,  in  point  of  speed  and  accommo- 
dations, by  any  boat  on  the  Lakes.  She  is  built  for  this  particular  trade, 
is  over  1,100  tons  burthen,  is  fast,  staunch,  and  new.  She  performs  her 
trips  with  surprising  regularity,  and  is  so  well  appointed  and  fUrniahed  as 
to  make  her  a  PALACE  HOME  to  the  pleasure  traveler. 

The  LAKE  SUPERIOR  ROUTE,  in  the  Summer  Season,  is  altogether 
the  most  picturesque,  healthful,  and  delightful  to  be  found  on  the  Ameri- 
can Continent  It  contains  the  grand,  the  beautiful,  and  the  useful ;  and 
bids  fair  to  be  one  of  the  most  fashionable  resorts  in  the  United  States.  It 
includes  in  its  circuit  the  Detroit,  St.  Clair,  and  St.  Mary's  Rivers ;  Lakes 
St.  Ciair,  Huron,  and  Superior;  the  beautiful  Islands  on  the  Route,  the 
Pictured  Rocks,  Marquette,  Copper  Harbor,  Eagle  Harbor,  Eagle  River, 
Ontonagon,  La  Pointe,  and  Superior  City,  besides  many  other  localities  of 
great  interest  a  d  attractive  scenery. 

To  the  invalid,  the  cool  and  bracing  climate  will  be  highly  salubrion.s, 
while  sportsmen  find  the  facilities  for  Ashing  and  hunting  of  the  most  invit- 
ing character.  The  Copper  and  Iron  Mines,  the  leading  business  interest  of 
this  region,  will  always  continue  to  attract  the  enterprising  and  scientific 
to  their  vicinity,  and  the  new  and  easy  communication  by  the  Saut  Ste 
Marie  Canal,  have  made  the  voyage  one  of  uninterrupted  comfort  and 


Rooms  secured  for  th?  round  trip  (time  8  davs,  distance  2.000 
miles),  by  addressing  S.  &  A.  TURNER,  Cleveland,  O. 

S.  P.  BRADY,  and  CRAGG  &  BROTHER.  J 
Agents,  Detroit,  Michigan.  \. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


CLEVELAND,  DETROIT,  AND 
LAKE  SUPERIOR  LINE. 


on  the  Opening  oil^^-^S'^^^l-^^^^^g^:^^^^^^^, 

carrying  Frei^ght  aj''!  r-«^;™«^il'^^„''i^^^^^^^  Svv^^]"^ 

running  regularly  torn  Cllv^^^^p  St  _^.^^^  ^^  j_^te  Superior 

CiTV,  Stopping  at  all  "J'^™^'"''      ^ 
The  line  will  be  composed  of  the 

PoT^t  J  E  Turner- 

IRON  CITY ^^?*- c.  R  pi^EY. 

MANHATTAN ..     John  Spalding. 

(New  Boat) 

The  ''IKON  ex.."  is  a  new  boat  I^lt  la^^^^^^^^^^^ 
one  of  the  fastest  ^oats  ontlie  Lake      ine  ^^^^^^^  ^^ 

undergone  a  thorough  repaii ,  ana  is  expressly  for 

e?ery  particular.    The  ^'^'^^/^^^^  ^^.^J^W    for  Freight  and 

BfrgrauSr^"^^^^  &  — " '° 

their  care. 

^  For  Freight  or  Passage,  apply  to 
HANNA,  GARllETSON  &  CO.,  Cleveland. 
T    a    HUSSEY,  Cleveland. 
a    0   WILLIAMS  &  CO.,  Detroit 
WM    P    Si'AULDiNG,  Saut  Ste  Mane. 
j'p    PEN  DELL,  Marquette. 

^:,r  P%S:Oop;;r  Ilarhor 

CAJISON  &  CLOSE,  Ontonagon. 

E   M   LIVERMORE, 

J."  AUSTRIAN,  La  Pomte. 

C    C.  CHILD,  Bayticld. 
H   ROBBINS,  Superior 


PELLERS, 

,bove  line, 

Superior 

Superior 


EE. 
DING. 

son,  and  is 
ttan"  lias 
icli  boat  in 
cpressly  for 
'reiglit  and 
for  Freight 
tlie  comfort 
lonsigned  to 


e  Pviver. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 

GALENA,  DUNLEITH,  AND  MINNESOTA 

PACKET    COxMPANY, 

ORRIN  SMITH,  President,  Galena,  111. 
J.  P.  FARLEY,  Vice  President,  Dubuque. 
GEO.  C.  BLISII,  Secretary,  Galena. 

MORNING  AND  LVENI>G  LINE  TO  ST.  PAUL, 

AND  A  DAILY  LINE 
FlSOxlI    GALE]\A    TO    UOCIi    ISLAND. 

The  Boats  of  this  Company  will  make  regular  trips  between  GALENA. 
DUBUQUE,  DUNLEITH,  AND  ST.  PAUL,  connecting  at  Dunleith  with 
the  trains  of  the  ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  EAILROAD  from  the  East  and 
South,  going  up  and  returning— stopping  at  all  intermediate  points,  and 
roraainino;  sufficiently  long  for  passengers  to  VISIT  THE  FALLS  OF  ST. 

The  foUowini.  Boats  comprise  the  line  between  Galena,  Dubuque,  Dun- 
leith, and  St.  Paul: 

NORTHERN  LIGHT Capt.  Preston  Lodwick. 

GREY  EAGLE "  I).  S.  Harris. 

NORTHERN  BELLE «  J.  Y.  Hurd. 

KEY  CITY "  J.  WoRDEN. 

WAR  EAGLE "  A.T.Kingman. 

GALENA "  W.  H.  Latjohton. 

CITY  BELLE "  Kennedy  Lodwick. 

GOLDEN  ERA "  .Tohn  Soott. 

GRANITE  STATE "  W.  H.  Gabbert. 

GOLDEN   STATE »  S.E.Harlow. 

ALHAMBRA "  K.  McGuire. 

All  flrst-class  Steamers,  commanded  by  the  mo«t  skillful  and  gentle- 
manly officers,  and  are  fitted  up  with  a  view  to  the  safety  and  comfort  of 
Passengers. 

iW  Being  UNITED  STATES  MAIL  BOATS,  their  punctuality  can 
1h^  relied  upon. 

THIS  company  will  also  eun  the 

FANNY  HARRIS Capt.  E.  Andrews. 

KATE  CASSELL '•     

Between  Galena  and  Rock  Island,  making  a  Daily  Line,  connecting  at 
Rock  Island  with  the  CHICAGO  AND  ROCK  ISLAND  Jl A ILROAD, 
and  the  ST.  L0UI3  KEOKUK,  ANjj  ROOK  ISLANjj  LiNliJ  uF  li'llcST- 
CLAS8  STEAMERS,  and  at  Fulton  City  with  the  trains  of  the  CHICAGO, 
FULTON,  AND  IOWA  RAILROAD,  and  at,  Galena  with  the  boats  of  the 
GALENA,  DUBUQUE,  DUNLEITH,  AND  ST.  PAUL  LINE. 

J.  F.  HILLS,  Freight  Agent,  Dunleith,  III. 


ADVKRTISEMENT8. 


IW 


W 


^s^-^.^ 


MICHIG^^^ 


CENTIULJ;AILR0AD 

PASSEHGER  TEAINS  WILL  BTIN  AS  FOLLOWS: 

GOING   WEST. 

MATL  Tr..vra-D»Uy,  exccpl  Sundays,  leaves Bbtko.t  a.  MO  A.H.,  a.a 

•'°r*V  llSrsl^ltl^^x^prBllays,  at  tO.5  ...,  wm  stop  o„„ 
.t Cattt  .  rlrb"   Jhetseafjaeuso,,,  A.bioa,  Marsha,,,  Bat.,e  Croe,. 

.fsSi".  SralaVa.  Btatjons  as  r.asMa.,,a,,.    ^Vestor 

"-'>"'V';T,"F-Crto'r-M.,sto,>s  o„,y  at  Ypsnanti,  A„. 
.Z'",Ic^»:,' X-;  mL,,.,,  Batt,o  Cee.,  Ka,a«,  ,,eea,ur 
Ni,es.Mlcl,igan  City,  Me,  and  Ca,amet 


GOING   EAST. 


MOEKISG  EXl'RESS-Leaves  Cn,«.o,  daily,  except  Sundays,  a. 
6.15  i.M.,  and  makes  aU  the  stops.  ^_^     ^, 

cre.i':rM.erx:-%e2^^^^^^^ 

stops  at  a„  Eega,ar  StaUons.    "J™     J  ,  „,  Kalamazoo. 

^'rSxTSESrpX  ftlrrM?s"ps  west  or  MarsUaU  only  a 
NIGHT  EXPK1.»»    ^^.;\^.-  „  ■nppntnr  Paw  Paw,  Kalamazoo,  and 

".rtrcSaSr^^^^^^^^^^^ 

.ary,  at  Signal  Stations.  ^^      ^^  ^^^^^.^^  ^.^^^^^^  „f  „n,,  ^^j^ 

On  Saturday  it  makes  aU  »  ,"„P--  ^        ;„„,  „est  of  Marshall. 
^  OnS»nda,s>tstopsataUEgu^^^s^^^^^  gupormtendeut 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


D 


rs: 


50  A.M.,  ana 

1  stop  onlj 
attle  Creek 

it  C.20  P.M. 
1.    West  of 

silanti,  Ann 
>o,  Decatur 


Sundays,  at 

stops  only  a1 
Battle  Creek 

ays,  at  3  p.m.. 
ers  p.t  Signal 
alamazoo. 
irsliall  only  a 
ilamazoo,  and 
and  if  necey 

3f  other  dajs. 

Marshall. 

•intendent 


MICHIGAN  CENTRAL  RAILROAD  CO. 


NORTH   SHORE   LINE    STEAMBOATS. 
DETROIT    AND    BUFFALO. 


The  new  and  magnificent  Steamers  PLYMOUTH  ROCK,  WESTERN 
WORLD,  and  MISSISSIPPI  will  for)  this  line  the  ensuing  season,  and 
commence  running  immediately  upon  the  opening  of  navigation,  as  fol- 
lows: 

PLYMOUTH  ROCK P.  J.  KALPII,  Commander, 

Will  leave  Detroit —Mondays  and  Thursdays. 
"      "     Buffalo— Tuesdays  and  Fridays. 

WESTERN  WORLD J.  S.  RICHARDS,  Commander, 

Will  leave  Detroit— Wednesdays  and  Saturdays. 
"       *'     Buffalo— Mondays  and  Thursdays. 

MISSISSIPPI 8.  G.  LANG  LEY,  Commander, 

Will  leave  Detroit— Tuesdays  and  Fridays. 
"       "     Buffalo— Wednesdays  and  Saturdays. 

These  steamers  are  all  new,  of  the  largest  class,  being  about  2,000  tons 
each.  The  commanders  and  officers  are  gentlemen  of  great  experience  and 
capability.  They  are  fitted  up  and  fhrnished  for  the  convenience  of  pas- 
sengers in  a  style  of  comfort  and  luxury  entirely  unequaled,  and  are  in  all 
respects  considered  the  safest  and  most  desirable  steamers  that  sail  upon 
the  Western  waters. 

For  the  transportation  of  Freight,  the  line  will  surpass  any  thing  evoi 
before  offered  to  the  public,  having  arrangements  with  parties  between 
Boston  and  New  York,  and  all  points  west  of  Buffalo  to  St.  Louis,  which 
will  enable  them  to  forward  goods  and  merchandise  with  greater  dispatch 
than  has  ever  yet  been  attained. 

For  the  transportation  of  live  stock,  these  steamers  offer  facilities  to 
drovers  which  can  not  be  surpassed  or  equaled. 

^^  Shippers  of  merchandise  from  the  Ead  should  mark  packages  to 
the  care  of  C.  L.  Seymotje,  Buffalo;  merchandise  from  the  West  should  be 
marked  to  the  care  of  John  Hosmer,  Freight  Agent,  Detroit. 

C.  B.  SWAIN,  Agent, 

DETROIT,  MICH 


ADVEHTI8EMKNTS. 


I  A; 


MICHIGAN  SOUTHERN 


BUFFALO    TO    CHICAGO. 

lohAo,  Milwaukee,  Racine,  Kenosha,  Wf"k«gan.  Galeiia, 

lUtk  island,  Unrllnston,  Dnbnqne,  Madjson,  lo^^a 

City,  St.  Louis,  St.  Paul,  and  all  Places  In 

the  West  and  South  West. 

The  following  New  Low  Pressure  STEAMERS  form  the  Line  from 
BUFFALO     TO     TOLEDO, 

CONNECTING  TUEBE  WITH  TUB 

3IUnUiA\  SOITHERN  AND  NORTHERN  INDIANA  RAILROAD. 

ONLY  242  MILES  TO  CUICAGO. 


CITY  OF  I'^'^f^^^*  B,;ff„i„Tue.dayV.udrri.»>g       ^^^      ., 

Train  for  Chicagco,  etc.  .  r-hf./^Vq  to  the  Aeent  ou  the  Cars, 

^j^  Pa-,9etigers,  by  delivermg  their  Checks  to  me  jxyt> 

B:S:rcL,yea  t,  t.,  BoaW.,  of  0..,e,  ana  cn..e. 

M  To,.,lo  t.,i«  Line  o<  Stcamors  conned,  ^-■m  Ibe TOLEDO,  WAK ASI. . 
AND  1Vi;BTi;r.N  UAILIIOAD.  r.ailroad.  ean  lake  >ti; 

lk;f;M.vy4^  »4,srr  mTc.»n  's^oi'T'sitr^^-.  ^oktu. 

5^ t„!^;,'V.)?-^/^;^' T's?an"be  purchased  at  .11  EaHroad  and  S.eamboa; 

"™""^-"'""4m  BROWN^tnoral  Superintendent,  Toledo  0, 
EZRA  DOWNER,  Traveling  Agent. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


UN 


FE. 


Galena, 
owa 


from 


ilLROAD. 


p,  Com'r. 

N8,       " 
TH,     " 

•>ct,  Buffal", 
'Iv  after  iho 
)fk,tIiroi;^'!i 
ing  Express 

)u  the  Cars, 

d  Checlred 

,  WABASTT, 
an  take  tli-^ 

:at  west- 

'.  direct  oon- 
iD  NORTII- 

id  Steamboat 
[-,  193  Broa<i- 
icago ;  II-  ^• 

roledo   0. 


LAKE  ONTARIO 

AND  RIVER  ST.  LAWRENCE. 


THE  AMERICAN  EXPRESS  &  U.  S.  MAIL 

LINES  OP  STEAMBOATS  PLY  DAILY  BETWEEN 

Rochester,  Oswego,  Kingston,  S.  Harbor,  Cape  Vincent, 
Brockville,     Ogdensburgh,    and    Montreal. 


AMERICAN   EXPRESS  LINE. 

Formed  by  the  Steamers  NEW  YORK,  Capt.  Ciiapmax,  and  NOETII- 
ERNER,  Capt.  Guilds,  ply  DAILY  between  Toroijto,  Lewiston,  Capk 
Vincent,  Brockvillf,,  and  Ogdknsbitegh.  Leaving  Maitland's  Wharf, 
ToEONTO,  e.ery  morning  (Monday  excepted)  at  7  a.m.  for  Lkwiston,  and 
will  leave  the  same  wharf  every  afternoon  (Sundays  excepted)  at  4  p.m., 
and  the  Queen's  Wharf  at  4.30  p.m.,  for  Cape  Vincent,  Buockvillb,  and 
Ogdensburgh. 

TWEI^TY-OIVE  nouns  TO    HIOI^TUEAL, 

Being  in  advance  of  any  other  Steamboat  Line. 

Taking  this  line,  Passengers  can  be  certain  of  making  fonnoctions— 
reaching  Montreal,  New  York,  and  Boston  early  the  following  afteraoo* 
and  evemng. 

UNITED    STATES    MAIL    LINE. 

Consisting  of  the  Steamers  BAY  STATE,  Capt  Ledyard  ;  ON- 
TARIO, Capt  Throop;  CATARACT,  Cant.  Estes  ;  and  NIAGARA, 
Capt.  MORLEY,  form  a  DAILY  LINE  between  Toronto,  RoruESTER, 
Oswego,  Sackets  Harbor,  Kingsto::,  Brockville,  and  Ogdensburgh. 

RAILROAD  AND  STEAMBOAT  CONNECTIONS. 

Connect  at  Lewiston  with  Cars  for  Niagara  Falls,  P.nlTalo,  et^c.  At 
Toronto  with  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and  Ontario,  Simooe  and  Huron 
Railroad.  At  Charlotte  with  Cars  for  Rochester,  et(\  At  (\?wego  wilh 
Cars  for  Syracuse,  etc. ;  at  Cape  Vincent  with  the  Watertown  and  Komo 
Raili'oad  :  at  Kingston  with  Grand  Trunk  Railway. 

At  Ogdensburgh  with  Railroad  Linos,  and  the  Montreal  Daily  Line 
of  Fast  and  Superior  Upper-Cabin  River  Steamers,  consistmg  of  the 
JENNY  LIND,  Capt  Moodie;  BRITISH  QUEEN,  Capt.  Cameron,  and 
MONTREAL.  Capt.  La  Flamme  ;  forming  a  connecting  Daily  Lme  to  and 
from  Montreal— passing  the  Rapids  by  daylight. 


^ 


ADVKUTISEMENTS. 

LAKlT  ONTARIO 


HOY  ALJIAIL^  LINE. 

STJMBaBBTARRAWGBiyiBWTS. 

LAKE  ONTARIO  INTERNATIONAL 


■■'4^iSfe^ 


STEAMBOAT    COMPANY, 

IN  CONNECTION  WITH  THE 

New  York  Central,  Genesee  VaUey  and  Grand 

Trunk  Railroads. 

THE  STEAMER 

M^VPLE    LEA.F, 

CAPT.  GEO.  SCHOFIELD, 

\vi.i,l,y.    roronlo,  C!«lli..««'..rt,  nnd 
Hliniroi')!,  on  ■!■«  We»l; 

wm  „l,„  .trobnr"  connect  ^>'illi  the  Cobnrg  and  Peterboro' Railroad, 
.^f  ^|».-^^7- -^Tb't  ^-HE  OLD  STEAM- 

co^jrr??;o»««c|  ?i  n^^ 

Wk^K^^it^^^tor^'eS  to  MonVea,,  pa.- 

inc  a!l  tbo  '^/'«'^^«^t^*"^«^'^l'^,y„^^^l\^9  o^clock  p.m..  on  the  arrival  of  tlie 
RETURNING,  will  leave  Ooburg  at  y  o  ciock.  i-.m..  ^ju. 

Trains  from  Montreal  nnd  Toronto.  _,  ^^j  tjotj-nte  ON  WEDNES- 

LTA5^VA=!3BiS!^x"SA%A 

For  rreif?lil,  or  Tassiige,  or  otncr  «"< 

STEAMBOAT  OFFICE,  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^  Eoohestet, 

GEO.  DABXING,  Agt. 

r^  The  car.  will  leave  the  Depot,  Eochealer,  at  11.50  a.>..,  Eailroaa 
Time,  to  convey  pasicngers  to  the  Boat. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


mo 


ONTARIO,  SIMCOE,  AND  HURON 

RAILROAD. 


,S5®asR!^^ 


TOROMO   TO   COLLINGWOOD,  C.   W. 

Trains  will  run  as  follows  (Sundays  excepted) : 

LEAVE  TORONTO  T.15  a.m.,  MAIL  TEAIN,  stopping  at  all  Regular 
Stations,  and  Flag  Stations  on  signal,  arriving  at  Collingwood  12.20  p.m. 

4  P.M.  ACCOMMODATION  TRAIN,  stopping  as  above,  and  arriving  at 
Collingwood  at  8.80  p.m. 

LEAVE  COLLINGWOOD  6  a.m  ,  ACCOMMODATION  TRAIN,  stop- 
ping at  all  Regular  Stations,  and  Flag  Stations  on  Signal,  arriving  at 
Toronto  10.20  a.m. 

8.46  p.m.  mail  TRAIN,  stopping  as  above,  and  arriving  at  Toronto 
8.40  p.m. 


THE   COMPANY'S    STEAMER, 

J.  C.  MORRISON,  Capt.  Chas.  Y.  Bell, 

(LAKK    SIMCOK,) 

Will  commence  her  regular  trips  on  Monday,  May  '•th,  leaving  Bell 
EwART  daily  upon  arrival  of  Mail  Train  from  Toronto,  at  10  o'clock  a.m., 
and  touch  at  Lake  Ports  (weather  permitting)  as  follows  : 

At  Hawkstonk,  11  o'clock  a.m.,  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Friday. 

At  Orillia,  12.80  p.m..  Daily. 

At  Atherlt,  1.80  P.M.,  Daily,  if  required. 

At  Beaverton,  2.45  p.m.,  Daily. 

At  Jackson's  I^oint,  4.80  p.m..  Daily, 
And  arrive  at  Bell  Ewart  in  time  for  Evening  Trains  North  and  South. 

i^=  The  Steamer  J.  0.  MORRISON  will  leave  Babrih  every  Wednes- 
day, at  7  A.M.,  by  which  passengers  can  make  the  tour  of  the  Lake  and  re- 
turn via  Bbll  Ewaex  bv  Evening  Train. 


»^*  i 


rra' 


1^ 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 

^^l~mail^hroughTin  E  . 

FOR 

Kingston,  Coburg,  Port  Hope,  Darlington, 
Toronto,  and  Hamilton. 

ONLY  LINE  wiioumMSHIPMEl!^!. 

THE  FOLLOWING 

rirst-Class  Upper-Cabin  Steamers 

Compose  this  Line,  viz., 

s  C'^T)t.    KELIiT. 

KINGSTON,  (Iron) ^  K  Howard. 

BANSHEE u  Harbottle. 

PASSPORT,  (Iron) ,.  Maxwell. 

ARABIAN ,i  Sinclair. 

CHAMPION «  TwoHY. 

MAGNET,  (Iron) » 

They  were  built  express^  ^^r  La.e  ^^^r:^^^^^^^ 
^^f^J^t^rl^.  rnWand  famished  with 
every  modern  convenience  and  comtort.  Montreal, 

One  of  these  Steamers  ^f  ^.^J^m  and  lIchi^e  on  the  ar- 

every  day  (e-fP^^^days^.j^  Vom' ^To.the^^  for  the  above 
rival  o:  thel2o  clock  "^..^^^^l}^^^,  transhipment,  connecting 
and  intermediate  ports  direct^^^^^^^  j^^.^^^y  ^ 

as  follows:  at  Hamiltoi^,  wth  ttie^^^^^^^^  gt.  paul, 

London,  Chatham,  Windsor  Detroit.  Lhic^g  ^^Wo^A  for 

Milwaukee,  etc  ;  at  Toronto,  with  the  r^oui  y^-^^^^^. 

Mackinaw,   ^-^^  ^^^Virand  On'tS  Railroad  for.  Nifgara 
at  Niagara,  with  the  ^  m,iX  Columbus,  Cincinnati,  etc. 
Falls,  Buffalo,  Cleveland,  Toledo,  UlumDus,  ^  ^^^^ 

To  the  tourist  or  P^^^^f  t«^,?^"^^^^^^^^  expeditious- 

at  the  Office,  40  McGlLL  STRLEi.^^^^  mILLOY,  Agent. 
Montreal,  May  4,  1857 


ADVKRTISEMENTS. 


NE. 


on, 


[EST. 


rs 


OTTLE. 

AIR. 
Y. 

rigation — 
3und  with 
shed  with 

ONTREAL, 

on  the  ar- 
the  ahove 
connecting 
lailway  for 
I,  St.  Paul, 
ailroad  for 
Michigan  ; 
or  Niagara 
ati,  etc. 
rds  a  most 
peditions — 
ake  of  the 
awrence  hy 

soured  from 
beamers;  or 

y,  Agent. 


ROYAL  MAIL  STI'lAMBOAT  ROUTE 

BETWEEN 

MONTREAL  AND   QUEBEC. 


THE  MAGNIFICENT  STEAMERS 

JOHN  MUNN A.  Crawford,  Commandtir. 

Length  312  feet      Cylinder  72  inches, 

QUEBEC A.  M.  Rudolf,  Commander. 

Length  280  feet.     Cylinder  60  inches. 

CAUIN  FARE   REDUCED  TO   $2  §0. 

Carrying  Passengers  in  connection  with  all  the  popular  lines 
of  travel  from  the  Falls  cf  Niagara  to  the  sublime  scenery 
of  the  River  Saguenay.  The  grandeur  and  variety  of  the 
views  on  the  River  %r.  Lawrence  present  unequaled  attrac- 
tions to  Travelers,  and  have  secured  for  this  Route  great  and 
increasing  popularity. 

Leave  Montreal  at  7  p.m.  Leave  Quebec  at  5  p.m.,  daily 
(Sundays  excepted),  arriving  at  an  early  hour  the  following 
morning,  in  time  to  connect  a  Ith  the  trains  South,  and  the 
Ottawa  Route  (during  the  season  of  navigation). 

^^  Usual  Time  Downward,  10  hours — Upward,  12  hours 

Commissioner  Street,  Montreal. 


THE    STEAMER 


SIR  CHARLES  ^^APIER. 

Has  resumed  her  Regular 
Morninn:  and  Aflornoon  Trips 
between  KING  STON  andC  APE 
VINCENT,  connecting  with  the 
Watertown  and  Rome  Rail- 
hOAD  for  New  York  and  Bos- 
TON ;  also  with  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway  for  Toronto, 
etc. 


For  Freight  or  Passage 

apply  to 
GEO.  CREIGIITON,  Master. 


For  Ficton  &  Belleville. 


THE  EOYAL  MAIL  STEAMER 


F.  A.  CARRELL,  Master, 

Will  commence  her  Regular 
Daily  Trips  on  the  Bay  of 
QuiNTE,  leaving  Kingston 
(»y(i|<y  afternoon  ^^undavs  ex- 
cepted), at  half-past  3  o'clock, 
and  Belleville  every  morn- 
ing at  7  o'clock. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


OTTAWA  MAIL  STEAMERS, 


VM'"''''-' 


$/.'  r.~."'f'i    mi^cwi^SJi'       II.  I'"— 


O  AILY    LIN  h  . 

MONTREAL  TO  OTTAWA  CITY  (Bytown). 

n  connection  with  the  Montreal  ami  Lafhinc  and  Carillon 
and  Gremilie  Railroads. 


THROUGH    BV    DAYLIGHT 


JTEAMEU  LADY  SIMPSON Capt.  H.  W.  Shepherd, 

LACHINE  TO  CAllILLON. 

iTEAMER  PHCENIX Capt.  MoLACHLm, 

GRENVILLE  TO  OTTAWA  CITY. 

The  Ottawa  Passengers  and  Mails  ^vlll  leave  the  Lachine 
ilailroad  Depot,  Bonavcnture  Street,  by  the  7.15  a.m.  Tram, 
iaily  (Sundaya  excepted),  connecting  with  the  Steamer  Lady 
liMPsoN  at  Lachine,  and  the  Steamer  Ph(E.'V.x  at  Grenville. 
Passengers  will  be  landed  at  all  the  principal  places  along  the 
River  (where  the  boats  stop  to  exchange  mails) ,  and  at  Ottawa 
■^iTY  early  the  same  evening 

This  will  be  found  the  cheapest  and  most  agreeable  route  to 
Jie  Ottawa  Country.  Tourists  and  pleasure  parties  may  obtain 
Return  Tickets  on  liberal  terms. 

Further  information  may  be  obtained  at  the  Railroad  Dep6t, 
ionaveature  Street,  Montreal,  and  on  board  the  Steamer 
jADY  Simpson,  at  Lachine. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


RS, 


rn). 

Carillon 


PHERD, 

,m, 

Lachine 
I.  Train, 
sr  Lady 

SNVILLE. 

ilong  the 
Ottawa 

;  route  to 
ay  obtain 

id  Dep6t, 
Steamer 


UPiEK    OTTAWA. 


THE 


Uiiioii   Forwarding   Conipany, 

Hereby  give  notice  that  their  STEAMERS  will  bo  prepared,  on 
the  Opening  of  Navigation,  to  carry  Passengers  and  Freights  as 
formerly,  plying  as  follows  : 

"EMERALD,"  Capt.  Cumming, 

Will  leave  Ayi.mer,  on  Tuesday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday 
mornings,  at  7  o'clock,  for  all  partes  of  the  UppKR  Ottawa, 
connecting  at  the  Chatts,  per  Railroad  with  the  Steamer  Ore- 
GON,"  retrirning  to  Aylmer  on  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day. 

"OREGON,"  Capt.  Hilliardj 

Will  leave  Portage  Du  Fort  every  Tuesday,  Thursday,  and 
Saturday  mornings,  at  7  o'clock,  conneeting  with  the  Steamer 
"EmerIld"  for'VYLMER  and  Ottawa  City,  returmng  th. 
same  eveninc'  to  Portage  Du  Fort,  from  whence  passenger  j 
take  Stage  and  Steamer  to  Pembroke  and  intermediate  places. 
These  Steamers  carry  the  Mail,  and  touch  at  all  Stopping- 
Places  en  route,  up  and  down,  between  Aylmer  and  Portage 
Du  Fort 

«  PONTIAC,"  Capt.  Batson. 

DOWNWARD.— Will  leave  Des  Joachim  on  Mondays  and 
Fridays,  at  5  o'clock  a.m.,  arriving  at  P;;MbRoke  m  time  to 
connect  with  Stage  and  Steamer,  via  Gould's  Line  for  Ottawa 

TTiiwApp—Win  I'^nvft  Pembroke  same  days,  at  i  o  ciock 
P.M^,  arri^ng  at  Des  Joachim  early  the  same  evening,  touch- 
ing  at  all  points  each  way. 

T.  A.  CUMmNG,  Ottawa,  Agent  U.  F.  Com. 


m 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


LAKE  GEORGE. 


THE  NEW  AND  BEAUTIFUL  STEAMER 

Which  has  just  been  completed,  will  make  her  regular  trips 
from  Caldwell,  the  South  end  of  Lake  Grorge,  to  Ticon- 
DEROGA,  the  North  end,  commencing  on  the  8th  day  of  Jnne, 

1857. 

The  Steamer  leaves  Caldwell  (the  Fort  William  Henry 
Hotel)  at  7  o'clock  a.m.,  and  Ticondekoga  at  4  o'clock  p.m., 
or  immediately  on  arrival  of  the  Boats  from  the  North  on  Laki^ 
Champlain. 

Passengers  from  Saratoga  who  desire  to  visit  the  Hotel,  or 
to  go  through  Lake  George,  will  take  the  Saratoga  and 
Whitehall  Cars  at  Saratoga  Springs,  and  stop  at  Moreau 
(the  second  Station  from  Saratoga),  18  miles,  or  at  Fort  Ed- 
ward (the  third  Station  therefrom,  and  half  a  mile  from 
Moreau).  They  will  there  find  Coaches  waiting  on  the  arrival 
of  all  the  trains  to  take  them  to  the  Lake,  a  beautiful  and 
romantic  ride  of  14  miles  (2  hours)  on  a  plank  road. 

Travelers  going  South  on  Lake  Champlain  will  stop  at 
Ticonderoga.  The  MINNEHAHA  will  then  take  them  through 
Lake  George  to  Caldwell,  from  which  place  they  can  go  by 
Skigeandthe  Whitehall  and  Saratoga  Railroad  to  Saratoga 
Springs. 

The  new  Steamer  is  admitted  to  be  the  best  and  most  com- 
fortable boat  ever  built  on  that  Lake.  She  is  built  and  fitted 
up  regardless  of  expense,  safety  being  the  principal  object 
sought  after.  ^ 

The  Boiler  and  Furnace  are  placed  in  compartments  encased 
in  iron,  and  are  entirely  fire-proof. 

J^  The  Life-Saving  Apparatus  is  of  the  most  perfect  and 
improved  kind. 

By  taking  the  Hudson  River  Railroad  Cars  in  the  City  of 
New  York  at  6  a.m.,  passengers  can  arrive  at  the  Lake  at 
about  4  p.M, 


.. 


c 
1 
r 

f 


V 
V 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


LAKE    CnAMPLATN\ 


THE  NEW  AND  SPLENDID  STEAMERS 


or   THE 

Cfjaiupfiiiir  Crans|ortation  €m^m\i 

VIZ., 

,^™ICA CaptFLAGG, 

CANADA .r     !),„.„ 

UNITED  STATES ; .    ..     A^dehso^, 

Will  make  Two  Daily  Lines  between  Whitehall  and  House's 
Point  (Sundays  excepted). 

Leave  Whitehall  at  10  a.m.  and  10  p.m.,  on  arrival  of  the 
Morning  and  Evening  Trains  from  the  South  and  West;  arrive 
at  Burlington  at  4  p.m.  and  4  a.m.,  and  at  Plattsburgh  and 
Rouse's  Point,  mornings  and  evenings,  in  time  to  connect  with 
i rains  for  Montreal  and  Ogdensburgh. 

Passengers  who  leave  New  York  by  the  Evening  Boat  will 
arrive  at  Montreal  and  O^.loiisburgh  the  next  evenm"-  Those 
who  leave  New  York  by  the  12  .vi.  Train,  Hudson  River  Railroad, 
will  arrive  at  Whitehall  at  10  p.m.,  and  Montreal  next  morning 
at  9  o'clock,  and  Ogdensburgu  at  1  o'clock  p.m. 

GOING  SOUTH— Loave  Rouse's  Point  every  moriiin""  and 
evening,  on  arrival  of  the  Trains  from  Montreal  and  Ogdens- 
burgh,  and  via  Plattsburgh,  Burlington,  and  Ticonderoga,  ar- 
rive at  Whitehall  at  (i  a.m.  and  4  p.m.,  connecting  with  Trains 
for  the  Sor  \  and  West. 


THE  NEW  AND  BEAUTIFUL  STEAMER 
MONTREAL Oapt.  Lot  CHAMBERLArN, 

Will  make  Daily  Trips  between  Burlington  and  St.  Albans, 
Port  Kent,  Port  Jackson,  Plattsburgh,  and  the  Islands. 

,:2?©*  These  Boats  are  not  excelled,  either  in  speed,  neatnes"^ 
or  comfort,  by  any  other  Boats  afloat. 


77i« 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


I 


FOR 


RIVER    SAGUENAY, 

MURRAY   I'.AY,  RIVER  DU   LOUP, 


AND 


K  A  K  0  U  N  A . 


THE  FIRST-CLASS  SEA-GOING  STEAMER 


"  S  i^  G-  TJ  E  :N'  A.  Y," 

U.  Sli^IARD,  Contiiiaiidcr, 

Will  make  an  Excursion  up  the  renowned  Eiver  Saguenay  OxNCE  A 
WEEK,  during  the  months  of  JULY  and  AUGUST,  leaving  Quebec 
every 

WEDNESDAY    MORNING 

AT  SEVEN  O'CLOCK, 
Calling  on  the  way  at  River  Ouelle,  Murray  Bay,  and  Eiver  du  Loup,  and 
getting  back  on  the  Friday  afternoon. 
Leaving  Quebec,  also,  every 

SATURDAY    MORNING 

AT  SEVEN  O'CLOCK, 
On  an  Excursion  as  far  as  River  du  Loup,  calling  at  River  Ouelle  and 
Murray  Bay,  and  getting  back  the  following  Monday  afternoon. 

The  steamer  SAGUENAY,  having  been  built  expressly  for  this  route, 
18  furnished  and  fitted  out  accordingly. 

j^-  Any  furtier  information  required  can  be  obtained  by  applying  al 

«.,omceof  JOHN    LAIRD, 

Commission,  Forwarding,  and  Insurance  Agent, 
ST.  LAWRENCE  CHAMBERS,  ST    PETER  STREET, 

QUEBEC 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


.OUP, 


:r 


y," 


y  OJSCE  A 
'ing  Quebec 


lu  Loup,  and 


a 


r  Quelle  aud 

on. 

for  this  route, 

y  applying  &\ 


gem, 

:reet, 

[QUEBEC 


ClIAMPLAIN  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE 

RAILROAD. 


LENGTH,  44  MILES. 


FARE,  $2. 


STEAM  FERRY-BOATS  leaTe  Montreal,  morning  and 
evening,  for  St.  Lambert,  two  miles,  where  commences  the 
Champlain  and  St.  Lawrence  Railroad,  running  to  St. 
John's,  20  miles;  thence  to  Rouse's  Point,  N.  Y.,  23  miles 
farther,  connecting  with  the  Vermont  and  Canada  Railroad, 
the  JVorthnn  Railroad  of  New  York,  and  Steamers  running 
on  Lake  Champlain,  forming  a  speedy  and  direct  communi- 
cation with  Burlington,  Boston,  and  New  York. 

EXPRESS  TRAINS  leave  Montreal  at  6  a.m.  and  3 
P.M.  Leave  Rouse's  Point  at  7.30  a.m.  and  7.40  p.m.,  for 
Montreal,  etc. 

^^  For  Pleasure  Travelers  this  is  the  most  direct  and 
pleasant  route  to  enter  Canada  from  the  East  or  South. 


CHBNBIT,    rXSKXS   ^   CO.'S 

Money,  Valuables,  and  all  kinds  of  Freight,  forwarded  to  and 
from  all  parts  of  the  country. 

^^^*  All  Orders  for  goods  from  the  Cities  promptly  at- 
tended to.    Office, 

No.  3  SEYMOUR'S  BLOCK 

Ogdensburoh,  N.  Y. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


GRAND  TRUNK  RAILWAY 

OF    CANADA. 


This  Great  Railway  Link  diverges  from  Montrkai.  and  runs 
to  the  Wkite  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire,  and  Poutlanp, 
Me.,  on  the  Southeast;  to  Qukbkc  and  St.  Thoaias  on  the 
Northeast;  and  Southwest  to  Kingston,  Toronto,  etc.,  etc., 
affording  facilities  to  Pleasure  Travelers  and  Emigrants  un- 
rivaled by  any  other  Railroad  on  the  Continent  of  America ; 
forming  altogether  a  direct  and  speedy  through-line  of  travel 
from  the  Sea-board  to  the  great  Lakes  and  Canada  West. 


MAIN  LINE   AND   BRANCHES 

1.  Montreal  and  Portland  Districts,  292  miles  in  length,  runs 
through  Canada  East,  Vermont,  and  New  Hampshire,  to 
Portland,  Me. 

2.  Quebec  and  Richmond  Districts,  168  miles  in  length,  runs 
from  Montr'jal  t  j  Quebec. 

3.  St.  Thomas  Bianch  is  finished  -19  miles  below  Quebec,  and 
will  extend  to  Trois  Pistoles,  C.  E.,  100  miles  farther. 

4.  Montreal  and  Toronto  District,  333  miles  in  length,  runs 
on  the  west  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River  and  Lake  Ontario 
to  Toronto. 

5.  Toronto  and  Port  Sarnia  District  is  finished  88  miles,  to 
Stratford,  C.  V^'.,  and  will  be  extended  to  Port  Sarnia,  at  the 
foot  of  Lake  Huron,  100  miles  farther. 

1^^  For  Through  Tables  of  Distancks,  see  pages  323  and 

824.  

PASSENGER  TRAINS  leave  Montreal  Morning  and 
Afternoon,  d'l^ing  the  Summer  months,  for  Portland,  Que- 
bec, 1*0-  etc.,  connecting  with  Steamers  and  Railroad 
Lines  running  to  every  part  of  Canada  and  the  United  States. 

^^  For  further  particulars  see  DisturncWi  Railway  and 
Steamship  Guide. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


NEW  YORK  CENTRAL  RAILROAD. 

{Connecting  iviilh  Hudson  River  Raifroad  and  Steamers.) 


'T^--%»'~li 


'H'li  II  :TT'hi'ii!ii'iiTij]iiIljr 
■  IDflJJlLI 


(^^^ 


FOE 


BUFFALO,   NIAGARA  FALLS, 

DETROIT,  TOLEDO, 

CLEVELAiND,  CINCINMTI,  CHICAGO, 

niLWAlRrS,  MiOlSOiT,  ROCR  ISL\I\D,  lOWi  CITY, 

DCBlQUi:,  !Jl!IlL']VOrOiV,  QIIACY,  ST.  PAUL, 

ST.  L^US,  CAIRO,  &€.,  &c.. 


EITHER  VIA. 


Suspension  Bridge,  Buffalo,  or  Niagara  Falls, 

Lake  Shore  i^iilioad,  BiitTalo  and  Lake  Huron  Railroad, 
or  (irsat  Western  Railway  (Canada). 

THROUGH    EXPRESS    TRAINS 

Leave  Deput  of  Iludaon  River  Railroati,  Ohu^-ibers  nnd  "Warren  Streets, 
New  York,  at  6  a.m.,  12  m.,  and  6  15  p.m. 


PEOPLE'S     LIN.E     STEAMERS, 

From  foot  Courtlandt  Street,  every  evening,  at  6  p.m. 


PASSENGERS  f  r  Cleveland,  Columl)U9,  Cincinnati,  Indianapolis, 
Terre  Haute,  Vinconne3,  Louisville,  St.  Louia,  etc.,  can  take  LAKE 
SHORE  RAILROAD  from  Buffalo  or  Niagara  to  Cleveland ;  thence  by 
the  Cleveland.  Columbus,  and  Cincinnati  Railroad,  or  the  Clncmnati, 
Hamilton,  and  Dayton  Railroad  to  above  places,  and  all  other  points  West 
and  Southwest.  


For  THEOUGII  TICKETS,  apply  at  the  Office  of  the  New  York 
Oentrel  Railroad, 

207  Broadway,  cor.  Fulton  Street, 

NEW    YORK. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


If 


NEW  YORK  CENTRAL  RAILROAD. 

THROUGH    WITHOUT    CHANGE    OF   CARS. 

Passenger  Trains  will  run  between  ALBANY,  TROY,, BUFFALO, 
SUHPeSIiON  BKIDOE,  NIAGAKA  FALLS,  and  Intei-raeaialo  Btutioua, 
as  follows : 

WESTWARD    FROM    ALBANY. 

I9t  MORNING  EXPRESS-LeayesAlbanyeSO  AM  stopgfttychc.^^^^^^ 
tady  7  05,  Fonda  8  13,  Palatine  Bridge  8  42,  Fort  Plain  «  f '  ^'«  «  ^^^'^''s 
9  52,  Utica  10  26,  Ron.e  10  57,  Oneida  11  26,  Chittenango^ll  55,  rtjracuse 
via  Auhurn  Hood  at  12  30  p.m.,  arriving  at  Rocliostcr  at  o  i-.M. 

2d  MORNING  EXPRESS-Leaves  Albany  at  7  8ii  a.m.,  arrives  at  Syra- 
cuse  1  25,  dine  and  leave  via  Direuc  Road  at  1  55  p  m.,  arnvmg  a  I  oche*. 
ter  at  5  10  p.m.,  and  leaving  immediately  for  Buffalo,  arriving  f.^^?^^'  * 
at  C  3  S  and  Buffalo  8  p.m.  leave  Rodrester  for  Niagara  Fa!  a  a  5  20  p  m 
stops  at  all  principal  stations,  arriving  at  SuspciisK.a  Bridge  at  8  dO,  and 

""EnZlll^Sbany  at  9  A.M.,  stops  at  all  stations,  leaves  Utica  at 
1  80  p  M.,  Rome  2  I'S  stopping  at  all  stations,  arrives  at  Syracuse  at  4  p.m., 
U^v\ut\^^AnInt-n  Itiad  at  4  80,  st.^pping  at  all  stations,  arr.vng  at 
Rochester  at  9  00,  leaving  via  Direct  lioad  at  4  'l^., ^"'"ng  at  RocheBter 
at  8  «5.  leaving  Rochester  at  9  40,  airivmg  at  Buffalo  at  li  40  a.m. 

NEW  yOllli  EXPRESS,  11  80  A.M.-Arrivos  at  Syracuse  4  20  p.m.  , 
leaves  via V;i:!7m/^om^  at  480,  and  at  4 '26  p.m.  via />;.  evt  koad,^rnvm^  at 
Buffalo  at  9  p.m.,  Suspension  Bridge  at  9  4()  p.m.,  Niagara  J  »  f  «*  »  5<i  p^*»- 

EMIGRANT,  12  m.— Leaves  Rochester  for  Suspension  Bridge  at  b  a.m., 

^^WnEl  ACCOMMODATION-Leaves  Albany  at  3  30  p.m.,  stopping  at 

all  stations,  arriving  at  Utica  at  8  p.m.  .       „7,„^«  j>nntl  «♦ 

EVENING  EXPRESS,  6  p.m.— Leaves  Syracuse  via  Auhurn  Aoaa  at 

1  A.M.,  and  12  20  a.m.  via  /Jirect  R  ad  for  Rochester,  etc.,  arrives  at  Buf- 

falo  6  50  A.M.    Leaves  Rochester  at  4  a.m.,  arrives  at  Suspension  Bridge 

at  6  50  A.M.,  Niagara  Fall.s  at  7  a.m.  .  j  .  io  a»:  »  « 

NEW  YORK  EXPRESS.  11  30  p.M.-Stops  at  Scaenectady  12  05  a^., 
Fonda,  St.  Johnsville,  Little  Falls,  Utica  (at  2  50  a.m.),, Rome  (at  3  19  A  m.), 
Oueida,  Syracuse  (at  4  40  a.m.),  Rochester  (to  breakfas,  leave  at  Bam  ^ 
arrive  at  Buffalo  at  10  15  a.m.,  Suspension  Bridge  at  1 1  a.m.,  Niagara  i  alia 
at  11  10  A.M. 

FROM  TKOY. 
Leaves  Troy  at  6  a.m.,  connecting  at  Schenectady  at  70  5  a.m.  ;  Now  York 
Express  leaving  Troy  at  10  50  a.m.,  connecting  at  Schenectady  at  12  p.m.  ; 
Utica  Accommodation  leaves  Troy  at  2  45  p.m.,  connecting  at  Schenectady 
at  4  10  P.M. :  Night  Express  leaves  Troy  at  5  30  p.m.,  connecting  at  fcchenec- 
tady  at  6  40  p.m. 

SUNDAY    TRAINS. 

From  Albany  for  Buffalo,  N  ew  York  Express 6  00  p.m. 

"      Buffalo  for  Albany,  Cleveland  Express,  at q  r  a  .  „ 

One  Train  from  Buffalo  to  Niagara  Falls «  {"  ■^•^• 

One  Train  from  Niagara  Falls  for  Albany,  at io  nn  « 

One  Train  from  Lewiston  for  Buffalo,  at :;•••••;  V- "  v^u. 

One  Train  from  Suspension  Bridge  for  Bi  Talo  at  4  40,  and  Niagara  lalls 

ai  5  i*.M. 

C.    VIBBARO, 

GENERAL  SUPERINTENDENT,  ALBANY,  N.  Y 
Albany,  June,  1857. 


AOVEIlTISKMIiNTS. 


AD. 

DARS. 

JFFALO, 

D  BtutlOUS, 


Schcnec" 

ittle  Falls 

tiyracuae 

iH  at  Syra^ 
,t  Kochea- 
,t  Batavia 
,  5  25  P.M., 
,  3  30,  and 

}  Utica  at 
;  at  4  P.M., 
rrivlng  at 
Rocheater 

M. 

4  20  P.M. ; 
irriving  at 
t  9  50  P.M. 
)  at  6  A.M., 

opping  at 

I  Road  at 
rea  at  Buf- 
on  Bridge 

12  05  A.M., 

319  a  m.), 
at  8  A.M.), 
igara  Falla 


New  York 
at  12  P.M. ; 
ihenectady 
it  bchencc- 


6  00  P.M. 
5  00    " 
9  00  A.M. 
4  00  P.M. 
12  00  M. 
igara  Falls 


r,  N.T 


CLEVELAND,  DAYTOM,  A^^D  ^  INCINNATi 

RA.1LIIOA.D    LINE. 

THREE     TRAINS     DAILY 

(Sundays  excepted) 

BETWEEN 

CLEVELAi  D    AM)    dXCINNATI. 

The  Trains  of  this  Line  connect— 
At  Cleveland,  with  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad. 
"  FoRRKST,  0.,  with  the  Pittsburgh,  Fort  Wayne,  and  Chicago 

IJaih-oad. 
"  Bkllefontainf,  0.,  with  the  Bellofontaine  and  Indiana 

Railroad. 
"     with  tlic  Columbus  and  Piqua  Rail- 
road. 
"     with  the  Columbus  and  Springfield 

Railroad. 
"  with  the  Indiana  Central  Railroad. 
"  with  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Rail- 
road, Covington  and  Lexington 
Railroad,  and  Mail  Steamers 
on  the  Ohio  River. 


•'  Urbana, 

"  Springfield, 

"  Dayton, 
"  Cincinnatj, 


Thus  forming  the  most  reliable  and  pleasant  r.ute  to  Cincin- 
nati, St.  Louis,  Louisville,  Indianapolis,  Lexington,  and  all 
intermediate  places. 

THROUGH  TICKETS  can  bb  obtained  at  all  the  principal 
Railroad  Offices  in  New  York  and  New  England. 

^^^  Call  for  Tickets  by  the  Cleveknd,  Dayton,  and  Cincin- 
nati Line. 

g.  S.  L'HOMMEDIEU, 

C.  C.  DENNIS, 
Supt.  M.  R.  and  L.  E.  R.R.t  Dayton. 
E.  B.  PHILLIPS, 
Supt.  C.  and  T.  R.R,  Cleveland. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


CHICAGO   AND    t^OCK   ISLAND 


AND 


PEORIA  AND  BUREAU  VALLEY 
KAILKOADS. 


^  ^^  j^^ 


DIRECT   ROUTE  FIlOM   CHICAGO   TO 

Joliet,   La  SaUe,   Peru,   Peoria,    Galesburgli,   Bur- 

lington.  Bock  Island,   Davenport,  Muscatine, 

Iowa  City,  Port  Des  Moines,  Council  Blufis, 

AND    ALT.    POINTS    IN 

CENTRIL  IOWA,  NEBRASKA,  AND  KANSAS. 

Three  Panscnger  Trains  leave  Chicago  daily,  runmng  througli 
to  Iowa  City  without  change  of  cars,  crossing  the  Mississippi 
River  Kailvoad  Bridge  at  Rock  Island,  being  the  only  rout^ 
from  Chicago  to  Iowa  without  the  delay  of  ferriage  at  the  Mis- 
sissippi River. 

Connections  are  made  at  Peoria  with  trains  of  the  P.o;va 
Oguawka  and  Burlinglon  RaUroa.l,   direct  for  Galesburgh 
and  Burlington,  Iowa. 

;^r  THROUGH  TICKETS  via  this  route  can  be  procured 
at"^  the  principal  Railroad  Offices  in  the  United  States  and 
Canadas. 


General  Ticket  Jlgent. 


JOHN  F.  TRACY, 
General  Superintendent ^ 

CHICAGO. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


\ND 


.EY 


.,   Bur- 
bine, 


NSAS. 


r  tlirougli 
lississjippi 
Illy  rou+,e 
t  the  Mis- 

le  Peoria, 
alesburgli 

)  procured 
kates  and 


dent, 
ICAGO. 


WEST  AxNl)  NOimiWEST  ROUTE. 


THE   ONLY  DIRECT  ROUTE 


FROM 


CHICAGO    OR    MILWAUKEE 


TO 

NORTHERN  IO¥A  AND  WISCONSIN, 

miNNESOTA  AND  UPPER  miSSISSIPPI, 

VIA 

MILWAUKEE   AND  MISSISSIPPI  RAILROAD, 

Extending  from  Milwaukee  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis.,  192 
miles,  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul  and  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad, 
finished  to  Janesville,  Wis..  91  miles,  where  the  two  lines  unite. 
Through  Trains  for  Prairie  du  Chien  and  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  leave  Chicago  and  Milwaukek  morning  and  evening, 
connecting  with  Steamers  on  the  Upper  Mississippi  at  the  for- 
mer place. 


DJSTANCES    FROM    MILWAUKEE 


TO 


Miles. 

Whitewater 51 

Milton 62 

Madison 95 

^lazomanie 118 

Arena 124 

Lone  Rock 189 

Muscoda 151 

Boscobel 165 

Prairie  du  Chien 192 

(Connecting  with  steamers  on 
the  Mississippi  River.) 

SAM'L=  K.  PL  ATT, 

General  Ticket  A^ent. 


Miles. 

Lansing 282 

La  Crosse 286 

Dacotah 298 

Winona 32(3 

Fountain  City 388 

Reed's  Landing 886 

Lake  Pepin 394 

Red  Wing 480 

Hastings 462 

St.  Paul 494 

WM.  .tervis. 

Superintendent, 
Milwaukee. 


I 


ADVERTISEMENTS 


I 


m 


WILLIAM   ROGERS, 

PROPRIETOR, 

Corner  of  Bank  and  St  Clair  Streets, 

C  L  SS  V  E  L  A  N  D , 

OHIO. 


j^-  Omnibuses  run  to  and  from  the  Railroad  Depots  and 
Steamboat  Landings. 


NEVHALL  HOUSE 

Corner  of  Main  and  Michigan  Streets, 

MILV/AUKEE,     WIS., 

K  E  A.  N     &    JR  I  O  E , 


This  new  and  elegant  IIotkl  is  now  open  for  the  reception  of 
guests,  wh.re  the  Travelit.g  Public  will  find  good  attendance 

and  jvciv  di'slrabl.;  c^iuCort. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


eets, 


Depots  and 


SE 


ets, 


E, 


reception  of 
attendiiuco 


MISSION  HOUSE, 

MACKINAC,   WIS., 

E.  A.  FRANKS,  Proprietor. 


This  old  and  favorite  Hotel  is  most  delightfully  situated  on 
the  romantic  Island  of  jNIackinac,  within  a  short  distance  of 
the  water's  edge,  and  contiguous  to  the  Arched  Rock,  Sugar 
Loaf,  and  other  natural  curiosities  in  which  this  famed  Island 
abounds;  being  alike  celebrated  for  its  pure  air,  romantic 
scenery,  ajid  fishing  grounds. 


iS 


(Late  Huron,) 

BY   A.    T.    BIRCHARD, 


^ 


The  island  HOUSE  has  been  recently  furnished  through- 
out with  New  and  Fashionable  Furniture,  and  supplied  with 
every  facility  to  make  it  a  First-Class  Hotel,  and  is  now  open 
for  the  Season,  for  the  entertainment  of  Travelers,  Pleasure 
Parties,  Invalids,  and  others,  who  desire  a  comfortable  home 
while  seeking  Pleasure  or  Health  in  the  pure  atmosphere  of 

.x^.-Livr^    ;--L'X-KnIuA,   UUU    ill's    UCaUbllUX  DlJCUCr^'  Vl    l/UC  SUXXwlLUUiJag 

country. 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


> 


1  , 


I 

I, 
M 


P«Mlt« 


•5 


^V^^LKER   HOUSE, 

HASBROUCK   &   PIERCE, 

PllOPllIKTOllS, 

COR:VE:it  «F   FAST    ^^  ATKK    AND    MASON   STS., 

MI1-.WAUKEK. 


THAYER'S  AMERICAN  HOTEL, 

PROPEIETOR, 

SUMMIT    STREET, 
TOi-EDO,    OHIO. 

^^  An  OiumLus  runs  toaud  irum  tiic  ii05.%.i  »•-  vixv  .,.- - 

Depots  and  Steamboat  Landing. 


i%\ 


ADVERTISEMENTS. 


SE5 


N   STS., 


)TEL. 


> 


NEW  ENGLAND 


PJittiial  fife  Insurance  €0., 

BOSTON,   MASSACHUSETTS. 


ESTABLISHED    1843. 


BRANCH  OFFICE    IN  METEOPOLITAX  BANK   BUILDING,  110 
BEOADV/AY,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


CAPITAL  and  Accumulation  PREMIUMS  to  meet  Losses,  over  ONE 
MILLION,  after  paying,  among  all  holding  Policies,  in  Cash  (not  in 
Scrip)  Dividends  amounting  to  ONE  HUNDRED  xVND  EIGHTY-ONE 
THOUSAND  DOLLARS. 

The  Surplus  is  divided  among  all  the  members  IN  CASH,  thus  afiFord- 
ing  a  good  and  certain  rate  of  interest  upon  tlie  outlay  of  premiums,  and 
avoiding  the  largo  and  unnecessary  accuiaulations  of  unpaid  dividends 
of  uncertain  tendency  and  erroneously  called  capital. 

One  half  of  the  first  Ave  annual  premiums  on  life-policies  loaned  to  in- 
Burers  if  desired  ;  the  remaining  half  may  be  paid  quarterly. 

The  premiums  are  as  low  as  those  of  any  reliable  company. 

THIS  IS  THE  OLDEST  AMERICAN  MUTUAL  LIFE  INSUR- 
ANCE COMPANY,   AND  ONE  OF  THE  MOST  SUCCESSFUL. 

Insurance  m.ay  he  effected  for  the  benefit  of  married  women,  beyond  the 
reach  of  their  husband's  creditors.  Creditors  may  insure  the  life  of  debtors. 

Blank  form  of  application  for  insurance,  or  the  Company's  pamphlet, 
containing  the  Cliarter,  Rules,  and  Regulations,  also  the  Annual  Report* 
showing  tlje  condition  of  the  Company,  will  bo  furnisli«d  gratis. 

AVILLARD  PHILLIPS,  Prewdaut. 


Charles  P.  Curtis, 
Thom;»s  A.  Dexter, 
Sewell  Tappan, 
A.  W.  Thaxter,  Jr., 
B.  F. 


DIRECTORS. 

Charges  Hubbard, 
Marshall  P.  Wilder, 
William  B.  Reynolds, 
Geo.  H.  Folger, 

STEVENS,  Secretary. 


REFERENCES  IN  NEW  YORK: 

Rev.  8.  H.  Tyng,  D.D.,  A.  Oakey  Hall,  District  Attorney  of  New  York 
city,  R.  Warren  Weston  (Goodhue  &  Co.),  Wm.  W.  Stone  (Lawrence, 
Btone  &  Co.),  William  G.  Lambert  (A.  &  A.  Lawrence  &  Co.>,  B.  J.  How- 
land,  Rev.  G.  L.  Prentiss,  Henry  L.  Pierson,  D.  Randolph  Martin,  Presi- 
dent Ocean  Bank,  Wm.  L.  King  (Naylor  &  Co.),  Rev.  8.  S.  Cutting,  EUery 
A  Gibbons,  Freeman  HunU//w"^'«  Jil(t(/aziiie),  Samuel  B.  Ruggles,  am' 
Scv.  R.  B.  Storrb,  D.D.,  of  iirooklvn. 

'  JOHN  HOPPER, 

AgcBt  and  Attorney  for  the  Company, 
110  Broadway,  New  YorV 


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I  DISTUMELL, 

PUBLISHER 


AKD 


DEALEB  IN 


STATISTICAL  WORKS,  ETC. 
No.  16  BEEKMAN  ST., 

NEW   YORK.' 


TRADK    riST  OF  MAPS,  GUIDE-BOOKS,  Etc. 

TOWNSHIP  MAP  OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK;  showing  aU 

the  Canals,  R.iilroadg,  etc.    Price,  pocket  form,  50  cents.     __.,,, 

COUNTY  MAPS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK.    Revised  edi- 

Mip*oi"?M?r'(?IT^''orNE^^  VICINITY     Price, 

eI?LR0aS"'mAP°0P   THE   UNITED   STATES    AND    CANADA. 

Jj<^«'0^-%«{/^''™^J\iSS^tTATE3    AND  CANADA.     Small  slxe. 

MAp'orTHE'NO'RT^^^^^^     AND  EASTERN  STATES,  AND  CAN- 
ADA.    Price,  pocket  form,  87i  cents.  or  „♦. 

MAP  OF  THE  HUDSON  RIVER,  with  Guide.  Pnce,  pocket  form,  25  eta, 
MAP  OF  THE  REPUBLIC  OF  MEXICO.    Price,  pocket  form,  f  1  25 : 

map"  OF^'cIlIFORNIA,  OREGON.  NEW  MEXICO,  ETC.     Price, 

K{lfwAY'AND''8TEAMSHIP  GUIDE  FOR  185T,  with  Map  of  tht 
United  States  and  Canada.    Price  25  cents.         „^.„^„       *       „•**. 

8PRING8,    WATERFALLS,   SEA-BATHING   RESORTS,    etc.,   with 
Maps  and  Illustrations.    Price  50  cents.       ^^^„^_     .^ir^^mk  .  t«, 

A  TRIP  THROUGH    THE   LAKES  OF   NORTH   AMERICA;  Em 
bracing  a  Description  of  the  St.  Lawrence  Rivbb,  etc.,  together  wur 
the  Principal  Places  on  its  Banks,  from  its  Source  to  its  Mouth.     WilO 
14  Maps  and  lUuattations.    Price  $1  50. 

Smith's  Hand-Book  and  Maps  for  Travelers  and  Emigrants, 
ILLUSTRATED  HAND-BOOK  FOR  TRAVELERS  THROUGH  THB 
UNITED  STATES.    Giving  a  Description  of  every  State,  Kaiiroaa 
Route,  etc.    By  J.  Calvin  Smith.    Price,  with  C<^lored  Map,  »1. 
SMITH'S  NEW  MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.   Engraved  on  BteeL 

MAP  WNEW  ENGL  and;  new  YORK,  AND  CANADA.    Enjp-ared 

on  Steel,  and  highly  Embellished.    Price,  pocket  form,  75  ccnta. 


t?*'  i 


M  •  iVit 


SLL, 


iR 


5ook 

,  ETC. 
!I  ST., 


,  Etc. 

owing  all 

riaed  edi- 
.  Price, 
AN  ADA. 

tnall  sixe. 

5TD  CAN- 

rm,  25  cts, 
rm,  tl  25 : 

3.     Price, 

[ap  of  th* 

etc.,   with 

OA;  Em 
ether  with 
ith.    Witb 


ligrants. 

rOH  THB 
,  Bailroad 
1. 
don  BteeL 

Enjfrared 

ta. 


I 


